从盆地沉积和古构造分析鲁西中新生代地壳伸展史

鲁西处于差异性升降活动的古构造基础之上，其地壳伸展史经历了晚侏罗世、早白垩世、晚白垩世、早第三纪、晚第三纪一第四纪，共五个发育阶段。各个阶段的古地理环境，反映了伸展构造的几何样式：如晚侏罗世的断陷湖盆地，构成左行斜列的平面组合格局；白圣纪是以沂沭裂谷主干的“入”字形断陷格局，并发生自北西向南东方向的迁移活动；早第三纪是以东西向、北西向、南北向断陷共存的组合形式，并发生由南东向北西的迁移活动；晚第三纪以来，转入伸展后的调整阶段，鲁西南断陷区，发育较厚的披盖沉积物，而鲁中块隆则仍为有幔源岩浆活动的热穹隆。     

从盆地沉积和古构造分析鲁西中新生代地壳伸展史

鲁西处于差异性升降活动的古构造基础之上，其地壳伸展史经历了晚侏罗世，早白垩世，晚白垩世，早第三纪，晚第三纪－第四纪，共五个发育阶段。各个阶段的古地理环境，反映了伸展构造的几何样式：发晚侏罗世的断陷湖盆地，构左行斜列的平面组合格局；白垩纪是以沂沐裂谷主干的“入”字形断陷局，并发生自北西向南东方向的迁移活动；早第三纪是以东西向，北西向，南北向断陷共存的组合形式，并发生由南东北西的迁移活动；晚第三纪是以     

燕山造山带中生代火山喷发及岩浆演化

燕山造山带是中国东部中生代火山活动最强烈的地区之一,火山喷发主要有早侏罗世南大岭阶段、晚侏罗世髫髻山阶段、早白垩世东岭台阶段和东狼沟阶段。多阶段火山喷发可分为早侏罗世近EW向喷发带、晚侏罗世NE向喷发带和早白垩世NNE向喷发带。火山—沉积盆地主要有早侏罗世继承性坳陷盆地、晚侏罗世继承性断陷盆地、早白垩世新生性上叠式断陷盆地。火山喷发主要有南大岭阶段夏威夷型喷发、髫髻山阶段斯特朗博利型喷发、东岭台阶段普林尼型喷发3种类型。岩浆成分变化规律为：早侏罗世南大岭阶段以基性岩浆为主, 晚侏罗世髫髻山阶段中性岩浆规模大, 早白垩世东岭台阶段酸性岩浆活动强烈。     

雅鲁藏布中新生代深水沉积盆地形成和演化(Ⅰ)——喜马拉雅造山带沉积特征及演化

通过对喜马拉雅三叠纪到第三纪区域沉积特征分析,阐明了雅鲁藏布喜马拉雅特提斯造山带从裂谷—被动大陆边缘—前陆盆地的沉积盆地演化史。随着以雅鲁藏布带为代表的喜马拉雅特提斯打开,三叠纪到早侏罗世为特提斯早期裂开的大陆边缘裂谷盆地。早期裂谷中心部位不是现在大陆缝合线的雅鲁藏布一带,而在低分水岭带。晚侏罗世到早白垩世,雅鲁藏布江南测为典型被动大陆边缘,其沉积盆地沉降、海平面变化与沉积作用相吻合。晚白垩世到第三纪为前陆盆地演化阶段,从沉积作用可以识别出晚白垩世晚期为造山第一暮,第三纪初为第二幕。     

盆山耦合关系的讨论——以洞庭盆地与周边造山带为例

根据地质、地球物理和地貌等资料,系统分析了洞庭盆地与雪峰、幕阜造山带之间的结构样式、变形特征及形成演化,认为该区中、新生代造山带与盆地之间存在极其明显的耦合关系:1)燕山早中期（晚侏罗世—早白垩世）,研究区的物源来自周边的山地,盆—山耦合所表现的只是地表高处剥蚀、低处堆积的填平补齐关系。2)燕山晚期的盆山耦合（晚白垩世早中期）,洞庭盆地的形成与当时雪峰、幕阜造山带后期的伸展塌陷构成盆山耦合现象,此期由于受到太平洋板块向欧亚大陆板块作斜向俯冲作用影响,造山带的快速隆升造成沿着扭张性断层的走向发育一系列的雁行断块,控制着盆地的发展,二者之间形成耦合作用。3)早喜马拉雅期（晚白垩世晚期—早第三纪）,受张裂的大地构造环境的影响,盆内被强烈的伸展变形,箕状断陷盆地的特征更加明显,湖盆扩大。4)晚喜山期（晚第三纪—第四纪）,自渐新世喜马拉雅运动主幕以来,雪峰、幕阜造山带总体表现为弱挤压—压扭造山隆升及逐渐被剥蚀,并为洞庭盆地晚第三纪—第四纪坳陷型沉积提供物源。      

巨大板块扭动和穿过岩石圈的流体释放

非洲板块内白垩纪—近代火成岩活动有四个相当明显的年龄丰值,第一期在早白垩世,最晚的两期在第三纪到近期。它们都与非洲板块和欧亚板块的三个主要碰撞时期有联系。岩浆活动集中在裂谷带内,它是由古老线性体产生张应力所致。第二期是在晚白垩世,它与在冈瓦纳板块分离期间主要运动形式变化有关。岩浆作用表现为穿过克拉通内部     

中国及其西南邻区新生代NW向扭动构造体系的成生发展和形成机制

NW向扭动构造体系广泛发育于中国西部并向中国东部延伸,且呈多字型特征,但在中国东部规模等级较小,断续相循,成生活动时期很新(晚白垩世末至早第三纪以来),由NW向褶皱、NWW向压扭性走滑、NNW向扭压性走滑和NEE向张扭性走滑组成。偏共轭剪切形成之NWW向扭动构造向中西部延伸并复合叠加在西域系(古河西系)之上。它是印度板块与欧亚板块会聚在中国大陆板内碰撞效应的产物,与中国东部和中国西部已经厘定的其他构造体系有着完全不同的应力活动方式。      

济阳坳陷构造演化及其大地构造意义

济阳坳陷由负反转盆地、右旋扭张盆地及主动裂谷三个原型叠加而成,并在中、新生代经历了四个演化阶段,三叠纪为板内造山作用阶段,济阳坳陷曾为五条ＮＷ向的以逆冲断层为主的压性构造带占据,早－中侏罗世造山作用结束;晚侏罗世－早始新世为负反转盆地阶段,三叠纪ＮＷ向逆冲断层发生反向伸展;中始新世－渐新世为右旋扭张盆地阶段,ＮＥ,ＥＮＥ向扭张断裂发育,并进而成盆接受沉积,ＮＷ和断裂反向伸展活动受到抑制而渐趋消亡;中新世－全新世为主动裂谷阶段,“拗陷运动”取代“断陷运动”。济阳坳陷构造演化的阶段特征表明了郯庐断裂中、新生代的剪切运动史,即三叠纪右旋剪切,晚侏罗世－早始新世左旋剪切．中始新世－渐新世右旋剪切,中新世－全新世作弱右旋压剪。     

中国东北晚中生代-新生代盆山体系构造演化及成因探讨

中国东北盆山体系主要形成和发展于晚侏罗世晚期-新近纪,经历了晚侏罗世晚期-早白垩世小盆山（盆岭）和晚白垩世-新近纪大盆山（盆山）两个阶段的构造发展过程.盆岭阶段起始于东北高原向盆岭体系转换的张家口期,全盛于义县-九佛堂期,萎缩于盆岭向盆山体系构造转换的沙海-阜新期,结束于张老公屯期（东山期）.盆山阶段经历了晚白垩世早期大规模拗陷、晚白垩世晚期拗陷萎缩、古近纪大规模裂谷和新近纪后裂谷拗陷.认为太平洋板块对盆山体系形成和发展有巨大的影响,但无论是板块、地幔柱和超级地幔柱均不太可能形成如此规模,又具北北东向的中-新生代岩浆岩带和盆山体系,更可能是超级地幔热带、地幔柱和东亚多向板块汇聚背景下,西太平洋板块俯冲共同作用的结果.     

中国东南部侏罗纪—第三纪陆相地层沉积特征

系统分析、总结了中国东南部地区中新生代地层的分布状况、沉积作用、构造特征 ,反映出地层分布总体上具 NE走向、SE— NW的分带现象 ,现今盆地的面貌有五种不同类型及相应的几何形态。分析认为 ,中国东南部早、中侏罗世普遍为拉张裂陷沉积环境 ,在赣南、粤北、闽西一带发育双峰式火山岩 ;稍后可能受到区域性挤压 ,如皖南、浙西、赣东北等地有南东向北西逆冲的压性构造 ;早白垩世为火山喷发高峰期 ,研究区均不同程度发生了火山喷发 ,其中东南沿海发育大面积的火山岩 ;早白垩世以后华南全区转为拉张 ,发育大量中、小型断陷盆地等伸展型盆地 ;晚白垩世—第三纪地壳继续处于拉张松弛环境 ,形成以裂谷环境为主要特征的火山—沉积岩石组合。这些结果表明 ,早—中侏罗世受古特提斯构造域和太平洋构造域的共同影响 ,中侏罗世之后太平洋板块占主导 ,上述现象主要系太平洋板块在晚中生代不同阶段对中国东南部俯冲作用的方位、俯冲速率、俯冲角度有所变化所导致     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)