湖南省保靖地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气成藏条件分析

为评价湖南省保靖地区寒武系牛蹄塘组页岩气勘探潜力,利用野外地质调查及页岩气井勘探成果资料,结合钻井岩芯样品测试结果,研究了保靖地区牛蹄塘组页岩储层发育特征及其分布规律。保靖下寒武统牛蹄塘组发育被动大陆边缘浅海深水碎屑岩陆棚相黑色碳质页岩、深灰色泥岩、深灰色钙质粉砂岩。该页岩层系分布稳定,厚度较大(90 m),有机质丰度较高(1.48%~3.49%),为I型干酪根,成熟度较高(3.90%~4.86%),处于过成熟阶段; 脆性矿物含量较高(38.4%~50.5%),具较好的破裂潜力; 成岩作用较深,黏土矿物以伊利石和伊蒙混层为主; 页岩孔隙度中等(0.50%~4.24%),渗透率极低(0.000 5×10^-3~0.014 6×10^-3 μm²)。储集空间有晶体矿物晶面溶蚀孔、矿物边缘溶蚀孔、有机质溶蚀孔、黄铁矿晶间孔、成岩作用解理缝和构造裂缝。综合分析认为,湖南省保靖地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组具有较好的页岩气成藏地质条件,裂缝发育区可促进页岩气聚集,在保靖县东部昂洞—泽碧一带可以加大勘探力度。     

黔铜地1井钻井技术及页岩气含气性分析

黔铜地1井是部署在黔东北铜仁地区铜仁向斜的一口页岩气地质调查井。本文简要阐述了该井的钻探、测井、气测录井施工技术,并通过钻探取心、地质编录、气测录井、测井、现场解析等工作手段,验证了铜仁地区区域岩石地层单位,获取了黔东北铜仁地区牛蹄塘组黑色页岩发育特征、含气性特征等第一手地质参数。分析认为牛蹄塘组海相页岩在黔东北铜仁地区分布广泛,沉积稳定,是黔铜地1井的主要含气层,整体上含气量随深度的增大而增加,气测全烃最高4%、现场解析在岩心破碎段出气量＞2600 mL、现场含气量最高达1.97 m3/t,显示了良好的保存条件和含气性,证实了铜仁地区页岩气勘探开发具有良好的前景。     

雪峰隆起西缘湘张地1井牛蹄塘组页岩含气性特征及控制因素

雪峰隆起周缘是四川盆地外围页岩气勘探的重要区域,下寒武统牛蹄塘组为该区主要的页岩气层位,为深入研究页岩含气性特征,以隆起西缘湘张地1井钻井资料为基础,借助现场含气测试数据,对页岩纵向含气性进行精细描述,并以此探讨牛蹄塘组页岩气分布规律与控制因素.湘张地1井牛蹄塘组页岩气整体呈上低下高、局部富集的分布规律,受有机质含量、矿物组分、孔隙与裂缝、物性、滑脱构造等因素共同控制.下部页岩有机质和脆性矿物含量高、裂缝与孔隙较发育,气体吸附的比表面积主要由有机质孔隙提供,脆性矿物有利于孔缝的形成与保存,裂缝与孔隙的发育有效改善了储层物性,为游离气提供大量储集空间,配合存在的滑脱构造带,使下部总含气量较高,且以游离气为主,占比58%~82%,尤其底部滑脱带内吸附气含量极低,孔缝发育程度对总含气量的影响大于有机质含量,同时,孔缝分布的不均也导致气体在局部较为富集;上部页岩孔缝欠发育,有机质与脆性矿物含量均低于下部,整体含气性较差,吸附气占比略大,主要受有机质含量控制,可作为下部含气段直接有效的盖层.此外,下部页岩岩石力学脆性强、成岩作用晚、热演化程度高、抗压强度与主应力差低,具备较强的可压裂性,有利于后期改造.      

湖南省桑植地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气成藏条件分析

桑植地区发育了牛蹄塘组海相黑色页岩,前人对该区古生界下寒武统页岩气成藏条件研究相对较少。在文献调研的基础上,结合野外实地勘查和试验分析,对桑植下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩储层地质要素和成藏条件进行研究,以期为该区页岩气下一步勘探开发提供借鉴与参考。结果表明: 沉积环境方面,桑植牛蹄塘组页岩沉积相类型为陆棚相和斜坡相,埋深条件好,厚度大; 有机地化特征方面,有机质丰度在2%以上,干酪根类型主要为Ⅱ₁型,少见Ⅰ型,有机质成熟度3.5%,为较好烃源岩; 有机质演化与黏土矿物成岩阶段有较好的对应关系,其成岩矿物转化阶段与有机质生油、生气门限基本一致,源岩处于大量生成干气和裂解气阶段; 储集条件方面,孔隙度为9%,发育了原生孔、次生孔、矿物质孔及天然裂缝、构造裂缝,为页岩气富集提供了空间; 脆性矿物含量高,易造缝造储。整体而言,牛蹄塘组页岩为优质页岩,页岩气的成藏条件为较好—好,其勘探、开发潜力较大。     

黔南代页1井下石炭统打屋坝组页岩气地质条件及勘探前景

近年来发现黔南地区下石炭统打屋坝组发育厚度较大的黑色页岩层,该地层已经成为黔南地区重要的页岩气目标地层。为进一步了解该地层的页岩气参数,评价其页岩气勘探潜力,对代页1井打屋坝组黑色页岩进行观察和取样分析,显示该井打屋坝组黑色页岩钻厚为80 m,总体为一套深水陆棚相沉积; 干酪根显微组分以腐泥组、壳质组和镜质组为主,Ⅰ型-Ⅲ型干酪根均有发育,有机碳(TOC)含量主要分布在1.5%3.3%之间,镜质体反射率(R_o)为2.15%2.66%; 矿物组成以石英、黏土矿物为主,脆性矿物(不含方解石)含量在35%64%之间; 含气量在0.494.97 m³/t之间,平均为2.20 m³/t。通过露头剖面观察,显示黔南下石炭统打屋坝组黑色页岩厚度均较大,代页1井含气量较高,有机地化、储集物性参数较好,反映打屋坝组具有良好的勘探前景,可进一步加强该地层的基础地质、页岩储层改造和页岩气富集规律研究工作。     

黔东北地区牛蹄塘组页岩气勘探前景分析

黔东北地区页岩气资源丰富,特别是牛蹄塘组勘探潜力巨大。本文在先期勘探失利井(CY1、HY1、FS1)分析基础之上,结合大量岩石露头、岩心分析测试数据,对黔东北地区页岩气的地质特征进行了系统研究,进一步落实了该地区资源潜力。研究认为：黔东北页岩气区下寒武统牛蹄塘组干酪根有机显微组分主要以腐泥无定型和腐殖无定型为主,有机质类型主要为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ1型;页岩层段有机质含量高,平均3.52%;镜质体反射率平均3.58%,为成熟晚期阶段;储层具有低孔超低渗、高比表面积等特征;页岩层脆性矿物含量平均64.2%,黏土矿物平均含量19.6%,牛蹄塘组硅质含量高,脆性较大,易于储层改造;黔东北地区页岩气可采资源量达0.12×1012 m3。可优选岑巩、沿河、秀山、德江、凯里等有利地区进行下一步的勘探和评价工作。     

Pyrite characteristics and shale gas significance of the Niutitang Formation in Cengong area,Guizhou ProvinceSCIEI北大核心CSCD

黄铁矿特征研究可为页岩沉积环境恢复与页岩气富集保存规律预测提供依据。以贵州岑巩地区岑页1井牛蹄塘组为研究对象,基于岩心、薄片、扫描电镜及微量元素、硫同位素地球化学,确定牛蹄塘组页岩沉积环境及页岩气富集地质条件。研究表明,牛蹄塘组页岩黄铁矿发育为草莓状、自形-半自形及他形(主要为胶状他形)三种形态,不同形态的黄铁矿形成于不同沉积环境,草莓状黄铁矿形成于缺氧还原环境,自形-半自形黄铁矿形成于贫氧环境,胶状他形黄铁矿指示沉积过程有热液活动的参与。测试井牛蹄塘组整体处于较开放的沉积水体,上段为含氧-贫氧环境,硫同位素整体变轻且发生负漂;中段为较缺氧环境,硫同位素跨度大且发生正漂;下段为还原性更强的沉积环境,硫同位素小幅度负漂。黄铁矿含量与有机质富集密切相关,与黄铁矿有关的孔隙为页岩气吸附、保存及运移提供载体,且草莓状黄铁矿指示的缺氧硫化环境更利于有机质保存。研究工作系统梳理了黄铁矿对牛蹄塘组页岩沉积环境及储层页岩气富集的指示作用,为页岩气勘探提供指示。     

雪峰古隆起边缘下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气成藏地质特征及有利区预测

雪峰古隆起边缘下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩具有良好的生烃和储集条件,是重要的页岩气勘探层位,但受多期构造运动改造,页岩气保存条件复杂,页岩气勘探一直未获突破.基于野外地质调查、钻探资料,结合有机地化分析测试等手段,对雪峰古隆起边缘即沅麻盆地及周缘下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气地质条件和勘探前景进行综合评价.研究表明:牛蹄塘组沉积于深水陆棚相,页岩有机碳含量TOC值普遍大于2.0%,一般在3.0%~5.0%之间;有机质类型为Ⅰ型;有机质成熟度2.17%~3.38%之间,平均为2.79%;页岩碎屑矿物平均含量77.25%;粘土矿物平均含量22.71%,硅质含量高,脆性较大,易于储层改造.综合地化、储层物性及保存条件等评价指标,提出沅麻盆地草堂凹陷及古隆起北缘凤凰-吉首-张家界一带为牛蹄塘组页岩气勘探有利区带.      

黔北地区牛蹄塘组页岩气成藏条件及有利区评价

为评估黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气资源潜力,根据井下岩心和露头岩样的地球化学实验分析结果,对黔北地区牛蹄塘组页岩气成藏条件进行了研究,并评价了该区页岩气成藏的有利区。研究表明:黔北地区牛蹄塘组页岩主要形成于深水陆棚相沉积,页岩埋深适中(<3 000 m),富有机质页岩厚度较大(30~110 m),有机碳含量高(平均TOC>3.0%),有机质类型主要为Ⅰ型,热演化程度高(R_o>2.0%,为过成熟),页岩储层物性为低孔渗,发育大量的微米-纳米级孔裂隙,富含石英等脆性矿物(平均含量>40%),页岩含气量较高(平均1.5 m3/t),具备良好的页岩气成藏条件。在上述基础上,提出东南部的石阡-余庆-施秉一带为黔北地区牛蹄塘组页岩气成藏有利区。      

中扬子地区下古生界海相泥-页岩含气勘探远景

利用中扬子区下古生界页岩的野外露头地质剖面、有机地球化学分析数据和钻井显示资料,分析中扬子下古生界页岩气资源勘探远景。研究表明,中扬子区下古生界海相泥-页岩主要以下寒武统水井沱组(或牛蹄塘组)和上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组为主。上述2套泥质岩和页岩有机质含量丰富、有机质类型好、热演化程度高,多数已达到成熟—过成熟阶段,是有效页岩气气源岩。中扬子区自加里东以来经历了多期构造运动、构造隆升和挤压作用,改善了页岩储层的储集性能,提高页岩气聚集量。湘鄂西区和江汉平原区南部下寒武统泥-页岩可作为有利页岩气勘探选区,而鄂西渝东区钻井揭示志留系见工业性气流,表明该区志留系页岩气潜力较大。     

上扬子黔北地区下寒武统海相黑色泥页岩特征及页岩气远景区评价

依据大量野外页岩实测地质剖面和2口页岩气钻井、样品岩石矿物组分分析、有机地球化学实验等大量分析测试资料,系统研究了上扬子黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色泥页岩的发育特征与分布,并结合北美海相页岩气形成地质条件及我国页岩气选区评价标准,预测了黔北地区页岩气勘探的有利区。结果表明:黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组海相黑色泥页岩厚度大、分布广泛,早期海侵体系域水体相对较深,沉积和沉降中心位于研究区的东南部,主要的物源来自西北部,沉积相类型主要为砂质陆棚、浅水陆棚和深水陆棚相沉积,深水陆棚相分布在东南部地区,呈北西-南东向带状展布。晚期高位体系域,水体深度逐渐降低,随着相对海平面的下降,研究区陆棚砂体范围进一步扩大,浅水陆棚和深水陆棚向东南迁移,范围缩小。黑色页岩的有机质类型为Ⅲ型干酪根,有机碳含量很高,平均值为4.880%,普遍大于2%;有机质成熟度平均值为2.7%,总体演化程度较高; 黑色页岩的矿物成分主要为碎屑矿物和粘土矿物,碎屑矿物含量平均值为61.3%,成分主要为石英和少量的长石;粘土矿物含量平均值为31.1%,主要为伊利石和伊蒙混层矿物。与美国产气页岩的各项指标相比较,黔北地区下寒武统海相黑色页岩具有厚度较大、有机质丰度平均值高、热演化成熟度高、脆性矿物含量低、粘土矿物含量中等,页岩孔隙度低的特征。具备了页岩气形成的基本地质条件,是我国海相页岩气勘探的主要地区之一。综合评价预测了黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气的有利、较有利远景区。     

Enhanced late gas generation potential of petroleum source rocks via recombination reactions: Evidence from the Norwegian North Sea

Gas generation in the deep reaches of sedimentary basins is usually considered to take place via the primary cracking of short alkyl groups from overmature kerogen or the secondary cracking of petroleum. Here, we show that recombination reactions ultimately play the dominant role in controlling the timing of late gas generation in source rocks which contain mixtures of terrigeneous and marine organic matter. These reactions, taking place at low levels of maturation, result in the formation of a thermally stable bitumen, which is the major source of methane at very high maturities. The inferences come from pyrolysis experiments performed on samples of the Draupne Formation (liptinitic Type II kerogen) and Heather Formation (mixed marine-terrigeneous Type III kerogen), both Upper Jurassic source rocks stemming from the Norwegian northern North Sea Viking Graben system. Non-isothermal closed system micro scale sealed vessel (MSSV) pyrolysis, non-isothermal open system pyrolysis and Rock Eval type pyrolysis were performed on the solvent extracted, concentrated kerogens of the two immature samples. The decrease of C₆₊ products in the closed system MSSV pyrolysis provided the basis for the calculation of secondary gas (C_1-5) formation. Subtraction of the calculated secondary gas from the total observed gas yields a “remaining” gas. In the case of the Draupne Formation this is equivalent to primary gas cracked directly from the kerogen, as detected by a comparison with multistep open pyrolysis data. For the Heather Formation the calculated remaining gas formation profile is initially attributable to primary gas but there is a second major gas pulse at very high temperature (>550 °C at 5.0 K min⁻¹) that is not primary. This has been explained by a recondensation process where first formed high molecular weight compounds in the closed system yield a macromolecular material that undergoes secondary cracking at elevated temperatures. The experiments provided the input for determination of kinetic parameters of the different gas generation types, which were used for extrapolations to a linear geological heating rate of 10⁻¹¹ K min⁻¹. Peak generation temperatures for the primary gas generation were found to be higher for Heather Formation (T_max = 190 °C, equivalent to R_o appr. 1.7%) compared to Draupne Formation (T_max = 175 °C, equivalent to appr. R_o 1.3%). Secondary gas peak generation temperatures were calculated to be 220 °C for the Heather Formation and 205 to 215 °C for the Draupne Formation, respectively, with equivalent vitrinite reflectance values (R_o) between 2.4% and 2.0%. The high temperature secondary gas formation from cracking of the recombination residue as detected for the Heather Formation is quantitatively important and is suggested to occur at very high temperatures (T_max approx. 250 °C) for geological heating rates. The prediction of a significant charge of dry gas from the Heather Formation at very high maturity levels has important implications for petroleum exploration in the region, especially to the north of the Viking Graben where Upper Jurassic sediments are sufficiently deep buried to have experienced such a process.     

黔北绥页1井牛蹄塘组页岩气地质特征及资源潜力分析

黔北地区位于上扬子地台区,断裂构造发育。该地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组海相沉积发育,以陆棚沉积为主,尤以深水陆棚沉积对页岩气形成有利。目标层位牛蹄塘组绥页1井资料分析的结果表明: 牛蹄塘组有利潜质页岩主要位于该组下部,有机质丰度高、成熟度高、微裂隙发育、含气性好,页岩气的保存条件好,牛蹄塘组上段成为保存页岩气的良好盖层。牛蹄塘组页岩气地质特征分析表明,牛蹄塘组页岩气资源潜力较大。     

Geological Factors Controlling the Accumulation and High Yield of Marine-Facies Shale Gas: Case Study of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in the Dingshan Area of Southeast Sichuan,China

The main geological factors controlling the accumulation and yield of marine-facies shale gas reservoirs are the focus of the current shale gas exploration and development research. In this study, the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in the Dingshan area of southeast Sichuan was investigated. Shale cores underwent laboratory testing, which included the evaluation of total organic carbon(TOC), vitrinite reflectance(Ro), whole-rock X-ray diffraction(XRD), pore permeability,and imaging through field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM). Based on the results of natural gamma ray spectrum logging, conventional logging, imaging logging, and seismic coherence properties, the exploration and development potential of shale gas in the Dingshan area have been discussed comprehensively. The results showed that(1)layer No. 4(WF2-LM4) of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation has a Th/U ratio 2 and a Th/K ratio of 3.5–12. Graptolites and pyrite are relatively abundant in the shale core, indicating sub-high-energy and low-energy marine-facies anoxic reducing environments.(2) The organic matter is mainly I-type kerogen with a small amount of II1-type kerogen. There is a good correlation among TOC, Ro, gas content, and brittle minerals; the fracturing property(brittleness) is 57.3%. Organic and inorganic pores are moderately developed. A higher pressure coefficient is correlated with the increase in porosity and the decrease in permeability.(3) The DY1 well of the shale gas reservoir was affected by natural defects and important latestage double destructive effects, and it is poorly preserved. The DY2 well is located far from the Qiyueshan Fault. Large faults are absent, and upward fractures in the Longmaxi Formation are poorly developed. The well is affected by low tectonic deformation intensity, and it is well preserved.(4) The Dingshan area is located at the junction of the two sedimentary centers of Jiaoshiba and Changning. The thickness of the high-quality shale interval(WF2-LM4) is relatively small, which may be an important reason for the unstable production of shale gas thus far. Based on the systematic analysis of the geological factors controlling high-yield shale gas enrichment in the Dingshan area, and the comparative analysis with the surrounding typical exploration areas, the geological understanding of marine shale gas enrichment in southern China has been improved. Therefore, this study can provide a useful reference for shale gas exploration and further development.     

黔东北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气特征及主控因素分析*

黔东北地区页岩气资源丰富,其下寒武统牛蹄塘组具有巨大的勘探潜力。在对几口探井分析的基础上,结合露头资料及地球化学特征,认为研究区牛蹄塘组页岩具有厚度大、分布广、有机碳含量高、热演化程度相对较高、储集条件较好等特征。但由于大部分针对牛蹄塘组页岩气的钻井遇到的都是含气量低、甲烷含量低、氮气含量高的页岩,因此对黔东北地区页岩气富集的主控因素进行了系统分析,认为该地区牛蹄塘组页岩气具有沉积控带、断裂控藏的明显特征。     

湘西北下古生界海相页岩储层特征与含气性分析

基于野外地质和钻井资料,结合相关实验测试结果,对湘西北地区下古生界海相页岩储层特征进行了深入研究,并探讨了页岩甲烷含气性及影响因素。结果表明：牛蹄塘组黑色页岩以深水陆棚斜坡相沉积为主,厚度范围为50~250 m;龙马溪组为闭塞海湾沉积,底部黑色页岩发育。两组页岩有机质类型均属于Ⅰ型,有机碳含量平均为3.57%和1.16%,热演化程度较高,平均达2.61%和2.08%。受沉积环境和成岩作用影响,两组页岩均具有高石英、低黏土、少量碳酸盐矿物的组成特征。页岩储集空间可划分为3大类：矿物基质孔、有机质孔、微裂缝。受有机质和黏土矿物等因素影响,页岩内部孔隙结构参数各不同,但主体上孔径小于50 nm的微孔和中孔提供了大部分比表面积和孔体积,为气体存储主要场所。牛蹄塘组页岩甲烷最大吸附量平均为1.98 cm3/g;龙马溪组页岩甲烷最大吸附量较低,为1.16 cm3/g。其中有机质与黏土矿物对页岩甲烷吸附量均有一定的贡献,而过高的成熟度和含水量可导致页岩吸附能力下降。     

黔北正安地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气地质特征及有利区预测

为明确黔北正安地区上奥陶统五峰组至下志留统龙马溪组的页岩气地质特征,充分应用页岩气地质调查、重磁电、二维地震、地质调查井及测试分析等工作方法,开展黔北正安地区1:5万页岩气基础地质调查,对五峰组至龙马溪组富有机质页岩的分布、沉积环境、有机地球化学、岩石矿物、储集性能及含气性等特征进行分析研究,结果表明: 研究区五峰组—龙马溪组富有机质页岩为深水陆棚相沉积,主要分布有安场向斜、斑竹向斜和泥高向斜,厚度14.5~55 m,埋深0~3 200 m; 有机碳(TOC)含量1.0%~4.0%,有机质镜质体反射率(R_o)为1.82%~2.23%,有机质类型以Ⅰ型干酪根为主; 岩石主要由石英、长石和黏土矿物组成,脆性矿物含量高,一般大于50%; 孔隙度为2.03%~3.89%,渗透率为0.35×10^-5~1.86×10^-5μm²,表现为低孔、特低渗的特征; 最高含气量为2.88 m³/t,显示出较好的含气性特征。综合分析和评价圈出3个页岩气聚集有利区,分别为安场区块、斑竹区块和泥高区块,这为研究区页岩气进一步勘探开发指明了方向。     

Geological characteristics and favorable areas prediction of shale gas in Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Zheng’an area of Northern Guizhou

In order to determine the shale gas geological characteristics of Wufeng Formation in upper Ordovician and Longmaxi Formation in Lower Silurian of Zheng'an area in Northern Guizhou, the authors used geology survey,gravity,magnetic,two dimensional seismic,geological well and test analysis methods to carry out 1:50000 shale gas basic geology survey. The distribution, depositional environment, organic geochemical, mineral composition, reservoir properties and hydrocarbon content and other characteristics of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation rich organic shale were obtained. The results show that the rich organic shale belongs to deep water continental shelf facies, mainly distributed in Anchang, Banzhu and Nigao syncline, with a thickness of 14.5-55 m and burial depth of 0-3 200 m. The TOC content is between 1.0% and 4.0%, and the vitrinite reflectance (R_o) is between 1.82% and 2.23%, with the organic matter type mainly I kerogen. The rocks are mainly composed of quartz, feldspar and clay minerals. The brittle mineral content is high, generally more than 50%. The porosity is generally between 2.03% and 3.89%,and the permeability is generally between 0.35×10^-5 μm² and 1.86×10^-5 μm², showing the characteristics of low porosity and low permeability. The highest gas content is 2.88m³/t, showing good gas content characteristics. Three favorable target areas for the shale gas in Zheng’an area were identified through comprehensive analysis and evaluation optimization, that is Anchang,Banzhu and Nigao block respectively, which provides exploration direction for shale gas exploration and development in the study area.     

贵州岑巩TX 1井牛蹄塘组页岩压裂效果评价

TX1井是四川盆地外围第一口针对牛蹄塘组页岩压裂的井,岩心现场解析含气量为1.00~3.06m3/t,含气性较好,展现了较好的勘探前景.但复杂构造以及下部含水层对后期储层改造提供了挑战.对TX1井进行了压裂改造,返排过程中气体点火2~3m,但后期一直出水,返排率大于100%.利用Meyer软件进行压裂拟合评价,结果显示TX1井在压裂过程中因沟通了底部高含水层,导致压后出水严重;压裂改造未形成复杂的裂缝网络,限制了储层改造的效果.因此认为直井压裂改造受体积的限制,只能作为对页岩储层含气性与产能的评价手段,页岩气商业性开发还需通过水平井钻井和大规模的分段压裂改造来实现.该井的钻探施工与压裂改造经验为本地区下一步勘探开发指明了方向.      

湘西北地区寒武系牛蹄塘组页岩气资源前景

湘西北地区牛蹄塘组黑色页岩展布广泛,为寒武纪纽芬兰世—第二世滞留还原条件的沉积产物,适中的埋深和较大的厚度为其提供了良好的气藏条件。对其有机地化参数进行试验分析:TOC值为0.59%～13.05%,均值3.75%,有机质丰富;R_o值为1.87%～4.00%,均值3.05%,成熟度高;干酪根类型以Ⅰ型为主,少量为Ⅱ型,具有良好的生气潜力;矿物组成中脆性矿物含量为33%～87%,平均含量为68%,而黏土总量为13%～43%,平均为26%,脆性矿物/黏土矿物值高,有利于储层改造;页岩孔隙度为0.3%~8.0%,平均为3.3%,渗透率均小于0.04×10^-3μm²,为低孔低渗类型。综合研究表明,牛蹄塘组具有良好的页岩气生储潜力,同时运用条件概率体积法对其资源量进行评估计算,资源量十分可观。在此基础上对湘西北地区牛蹄塘组划分出6个页岩气有利区,为进一步实施页岩气勘查提供依据。