天马望远镜P波段轴向偏焦研究

天马望远镜是65 m口径全实面地平式射电望远镜,信号经赋型抛物面主反射镜和赋型双曲面副反射镜汇集后在卡塞格伦焦点处馈入低温低噪声接收系统。开展天马射电望远镜轴向偏焦研究,旨在拓展天马望远镜在低频段的接收,创新之处在于利用P波段低频振子天线作为接收机馈源,放置在距离副反射面顶点下方约1/4波长处,研究天马望远镜在P波段开展天文观测的可行性。研究内容包括P波段振子天线设计、馈源轴向偏焦位置优化以及观测性能分析。P波段振子天线作为馈源,天线最大增益45 d B,天线效率64.25%。     

环焦天线口径面相位分析

环焦天线具有特殊的电磁特性和应用领域.对环焦天线的口径面相位误差进行了理论和仿真分析,推导了馈源和副面位置偏差引起的相位误差、主副面之间的补偿关系以及全息测量中天线转动引起的光程差.研究结果将对环焦天线的精确面形测量和补偿提供理论依据和参考.     

40m射电望远镜天线副面和馈源偏移误差分析

建立40m口径天线结构的有限元分析模型,依据有限元分析结果,对副面和馈源偏离理想位置的偏移量和偏移误差进行分析与计算;从误差补偿角度,运用最佳指向技术对副面横偏误差进行补偿分析计算。误差补偿后的计算结果表明,副面横偏误差得到了大幅度的减小。分析计算结果为40m天线的实际工程提供了参考。     

面向新疆奇台110 m射电望远镜宽带双极化Vivaldi馈源设计

射电望远镜一般要在宽频段内进行连续观测, 但传统相控阵天线设计方法难以兼顾宽频带和大角度扫描特性. 紧耦合天线的设计方法为宽带大角度扫描天线提供了新的设计思路, 基于此设计了一款宽带双极化 Vivaldi相控阵馈源. 首先结合Wheeler提出的连续电流片概念及等效电路对紧耦合原理进行理论分析, 然后针对Vivaldi天线分析了阵元间的强耦合能够有效拓展天线的工作带宽. 在此基础上设计了一款宽带Vivaldi相控阵馈源. 馈源阵列由8×9 Vivaldi天线阵元组成, 该阵列的工作带宽为2-8GHz, 并且能够在E面和H面均实现±$45^\circ$的扫描特性. 最后对该馈源阵列进行了样机加工和测试, 测试结果与仿真结果具有较好的一致性.     

结构因素对圆锥喇叭电性能影响的仿真分析

馈源是射电望远镜天线系统的一个重要组成部分,其性能将直接影响整个天线系统的电性能。针对射电望远镜天线系统中典型的圆锥喇叭馈源,通过三维电磁仿真软件（CST STUDIO SUITE12．0）进行建模,分析了不同圆锥度、椭圆度及不圆度对圆锥喇叭馈源远场方向性的影响。结果表明：口径面的椭圆度在一定范围内变化时,对圆锥喇叭馈源方向性的影响较小。且其回波损耗小于-15dB;圆柱波导段的圆锥度大于1：20时,圆锥喇叭的效率会受到一定的影响：不圆度的影响则较大。文中得到的结构因素对圆锥喇叭馈源电性能影响的研究结果．对射电望远镜天线系统中圆锥喇叭馈源的设计和制造具有一定的参考作用。     

新疆奇台110米射电望远镜主焦点馈源换馈方案研究

随着射电天文研究的不断深入,科学家对望远镜分辨率和灵敏度的要求也不断提高,同时要求望远镜具有更宽的观测波段。单口径望远镜低频波段用主焦点接收,馈源尺寸可以更紧凑。为了不影响双反射面天线次焦点的馈电功能,主焦点馈源的放置及换馈方案必须高效合理。以建于新疆奇台的110 m口径全可动射电望远镜为研究对象,以意大利SRT 64 m和德国Effelsberg 100 m射电望远镜为参考,对两种方案应用于奇台110 m射电望远镜的可行性进行分析,并提出一种利用线性模组进行主焦馈源快速切换的新型方案。进行了直线模组机构的建模和仿真,并对口径面信号遮挡进行了分析,结果表明,此方案能有效满足望远镜的工作需求。     

TM65 m射电望远镜副面位姿建模

大型射电望远镜在观测过程中,随着俯仰角度的变化,副面支撑、背架、主反射面等都有不同程度的变形,这将导致天线效率在高低俯仰角上明显下降,天马65 m射电望远镜副面系统的安装可以用来补偿副面支撑和主面的重力变形,在不同的俯仰角度上,副面位姿的调整可以提高天线的效率和指向性能.通过在X波段和Ku波段研究副面位姿变化对天线效率的影响,用射电法建立了随俯仰角度变化的副面位姿随动调整模型和指向补偿模型.此外还测试了副面随动与固定对天线效率的影响,结果表明副面随动模型可以有效改善65 m望远镜在高低俯仰角上的效率,使得在整个俯仰角范围内,X波段的接受效率均达到60%以上.     

FASTL波段多波束馈源设计的初步分析

把抛物面天线的偏焦理论应用于FASTL波段多波束馈源系统的设计,分析了馈源喇叭横向偏焦距离与相应波束偏离角之间的关系,结合多波束射电望远镜扫描方式的要求,给出了FASTL波段多波束馈源的工作带宽、多波束馈源中相邻喇叭的间距以及喇叭口径大小的限制,并对正六边形阵列中处于不同位置的喇叭对应的波束的主瓣情况作了详细计算和分析。由此说明了FASTL波段多波束馈源采用19波束的可行性。另一方面,根据得到的工作频率带宽和喇叭口径大小的情况,对OMT和喇叭类型的选择进行了探讨。本文给出了FASTL波段多波束系统的大概轮廓,为进一步精确设计指明了方向。     

FAST30m模型L-波段馈源的设计、制作和性能测试

叙述了FAST（500m口径球面射电望远镜）30m模型L-波段馈源的设计、制作和性能测试过程。馈源的设计仿真使用了HFSS软件，并选用纸板或塑料板和铝箔胶带，通过手工操作完成馈源制作。馈源的性能通过测试表明满足FAST30m模型天文观测的需要。文中采用的HFSS软件仿真及手工制作馈源的方式不失为形式简单的馈源的模型制作的一种快速、经济和有效的方法。这种方法对相近的工作有一定的参考价值。     

全金属缝隙天线在PAF馈源中的应用

对直线缝隙天线进行了理论分析、仿真和优化设计,并制作出实验样机单元。从天线馈电部分分析入手,采用同轴探针馈电方式,内导体利用多个匹配环来改善工作带宽。与传统直线缝隙天线相比,天线主体增加了腔体缝隙结构,实现了天线样机4～12 GHz频段三个倍频程的带宽,E和H面方向图仿真与测试基本一致。全频段最大增益值在4～8 dBi之间,达到了宽带阵列天线的设计要求,为平方公里阵列射电望远镜馈源的应用提供了可能的选择。     

Study of a Particular Model of Encounter Between a Comet and a Planet

The objective of this paper is to develop a simple model of an encounter between a comet and a planet, with a subsequent capture or an escape, and to study the potential consequences. The hypothetical scenario is as follows: a comet with a conic orbit meets close to one of its vertices (located near the ecliptic plane), a jovian planet, and transforms its orbit. There are two hypotheses which are made for the shock: this vertex becomes one of the final vertices and the orbital plane of the comet is unchanged during the encounter as it was the case for Brooks 2 in 1886. In this model, it was able to find an equation which was then used to obtain the pre‐ and post‐encounter orbits elements and the kind of orbit (ellipse, hyperbola, parabola) with respect to the initial inclination. The numerical experiments with the observed comets often provide pre‐encounter orbits with an aphelion point located near another jovian planet farther from the Sun, and so on with sometimes several planets, or with an aphelion point located beyond the Pluto orbit. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Dynamics of a particle in a gravitational field of a homogeneous annulus disk

We formulate the problem of an infinitesimal particle moving in the space under the influence of the gravitational force induced by a homogeneous annulus disk fixed on a plane. We compute using different coordinates and in terms of an elliptic integral the potential associated to this problem. Also we study the symmetries of the associated potential. After that, we look at the dynamics in some particular cases, namely: in the line perpendicular to the plane that contains the annulus disk and passes through the center of the ring and on the plane that contains the massive annulus.      

Evolution of a binary system consisting of a helium star and a white dwarf

Results of evolutionary calculations for a close binary system with a central helium burning He-star filling its Roche lobe and an accreting white dwarf are presented. Values for the mass of the components and the degree of central helium exhaustion before the filling of the Roche lobe are varied. It is shown that in such a system the mass accretion rate will remain for a long time (2–4) Ö 10^–8 yr^–1 ifq<1 (q=M _He,2/M _CO,1). The obtained results are discussed in connection with pre-supernova I phenomenon.     

制冷接收机低温杜瓦温度监测系统的研制

从设计、制作和测试方法方面介绍了一种制冷接收机低温杜瓦温度监测系统.主要阐述了低温杜瓦对温度监测系统的要求,根据要求合理设计,涉及到各种器件参数的选择以及布局制板等问题,为高精度温度采集系统的硬件设计提供了理论依据.设计采用多路模拟输入通道即集中采集方式,根据系统的需要划分不同的功能区块进行电路设计.制作完成的温度监测系统先后经调试校准、实验室模拟测试以及安装在乌鲁木齐25m射电望远镜18cm制冷双极化接收机上测试,各项设计功能都能很好地实现,并且运行可靠.     

The formation of a ring galaxy during a head-on collision between a disk and a spherical galaxy

The tidal force effects of a spherical galaxy passing head-on through a disk galaxy have been studied at various regions of the disk galaxy and for various orientations of the disk galaxy with respect to the direction of relative motion of the two galaxies. The density distribution of the disk galaxy is taken to be, (r)=_ce^–4r/R , where _c is the central density andR is the radius of the disk. The density distribution of the spherical galaxy is taken to be that of a oolytrope of indexn=4. It is found that as a result of the collision, through the central parts and the outer parts of the disk galaxy remain intact, the region in between these two regions disrupts. Thus a ring galaxy with a nucleus embedded in the ring-i.e., a ring galaxy of the RN-type, is formed.     

Structure of the clusters of galaxies a 999, a 1016, and a 1142

The hierarchical structure of the clusters of galaxies A 999, A 1016, and A 1142, which are part of one supercluster, is investigated. The HTree method is used to determine that A 999 and A 1016 are a single, dynamically bound system consisting of two “cores” and a common field of galaxies. The composition of the “cores” includes almost all the E and S0 galaxies, the luminosity function of which is very nearly Gaussian. It is also established that the cluster A 1142 has a nonuniform structure, both in density distribution and in radial velocity distribution. The location of the maxima in density and in the radial velocity distribution correlates with the galaxies that are sources of radio and x-ray emission. Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 45-54, January–March, 2000.     

Production of a short-lived filament by a surge

A large surge was observed on September 17, 1971, part of which, after travelling 200 000 km through the corona, returned to the surface to form a filament. The filament lasted about 30 min, then rose up and returned to the source of the surge. We interpret this as the filling of a semi-stable magnetic trap.The energetics of radio, X-ray, and surge expulsion are estimated. The radio spectrum and flux correspond to a thermal source of area 4 (arcmin)², T 190 000 K, N _e ² V 7 × 10⁴⁸, which is optically deep at 8800 MHz.The soft X-ray source has T 12 × 10⁶ K, N _e ² V 3 × 10⁴⁸; and if an equal mass is expelled in the surge, the kinetic energy of the surge is similar to the thermal energy of the X-ray source.