海尔—波普彗星1996年春观测

1996年2月底至3月初，海尔-波普彗星在清晨前重新出现，地平高度较低．本文使用云南天文台1米望远镜加新研制的1024×1024CCD照像机，对该彗星进行了照像观测，精密测定了其位置及光度．结果表明，即使与最新的预报比较起来，仍旧存在着明显的系统偏差．因此，海尔一波普彗星的轨道根数仍需修正．其亮度也比最新的预报稍亮．     

1997年3月4日海尔-波普彗星的小规模分裂

１　引言彗核分裂是彗星的最重要特征之一．至１９８２年止文献记录共观测到２２个彗核分裂,３３个次核［１］．１９８６年哈雷彗星回归时观测到彗核的分裂［２］．１９９６年紫金山天文台２００ｍｍ赤道望远镜和青岛观象台同时观测到百武彗星的分裂［３］．海尔波普彗星从１９９５年８月到１０月曾爆发５次［４］．１９９６年３月至１２月不断有喷流射出,彗核活动日趋剧烈［５］．１９９７年３月４日我们观测到彗核的小规模分裂及喷流特征,３月３日我们观测到海尔波普彗星近核照片上有喷流,这可能是３月４日彗核小块分裂的前奏．３…     

还在发光的海尔-波普彗星

8年前,曾让天文学家眩目的海尔-波普彗星虽然现在距太阳有21天文单位之遥,但依然可以探测到。2005年1月8日,麻省理工学院天文学家 AndrewS.Rivkin 和 Richard P.Binzel 用麦哲伦天文台的6.5米 Clay 望远镜观测了这颗彗星。Rivkin 和 Binzel 观测发现彗发已经没有了,但彗核亮得还可以看到。Rivkin 说,彗核光谱是很难拍     

海尔—波普彗星自转周期的测定

采用小波方法对海尔波普彗星的近核ＣＣＤ图像进行处理,并进一步分析了彗核的亮度中心周围的特征结构,从而提出了一种直观而有效的方法来测定海尔波普彗星投射在观测平面上的平均自转周期,结果为２４．４１±０．９６小时     

海尔-波普彗星的球状喷出物

１９９６年９月观测到海尔－波普彗星的一次喷发,这次喷发持续了几天,在９月１０日和１１日分别观测到彗星的二个球状喷出物,并测得其投影喷出速度约为１００ｍ／ｓ,其后喷出物演变为巨大的喷流．     

海尔─波普彗星观测有重要新发现

海尔─波普彗星观测有重要新发现设在云南丽江的云台高美古天文观测站，目前在对海尔─波普彗星观测中，观测到彗星彗头的反向喷流，气体彗尾的弯曲、折断、分叉及空洞等重要新现象；并获得一大批对科研有十分重要、珍贵意义的最新观测资料。自海尔─波普彗星于１９９５年...     

有关海尔-波普彗星的研究和发现

海尔－波普彗星中的原子和分子在１９９７年７月２８日到８月１日举行的美国天文学会行星科学组年会上,许多学者报告了种种课题的初步研究,摘要发表于１９９７年第３期《美国天文学会公报》上。有关海尔－波普这个特亮彗星的工作,在原子方面包括用太阳望远镜高分辨光谱...     

海尔-波普彗星的一个可能的巨大等离子体喷流

１９９６年９月１１日，使用上海天文台１．５６ｍ望远镜和Ｓｅｒｉｅｓ２００ＣＣＤ照相机，在Ｂ波段发现海尔波普彗星有一个巨大的喷流，初步认定为等离子喷流．     

海尔—波普彗星的一个可能的巨大等离子体喷流

１９９６年９月１１日，使用上海天台１．５６ｍ望远镜和Ｓｅｒｉｓ２００ＣＣＤ照相机，在Ｂ波段发现海尔－波普彗星有一个巨大的喷流，初步认定为等离子喷流。     

海尔-波普彗星

海尔－波普彗星刘麟仲在２０世纪即将结束之时，继百武彗星之后，一个肉眼可见的更亮彗星海尔─波普彗星出现了。这颗彗星是由美国天文学家海尔和天文爱好者波普于１９９５年７月２３日分别发现，故命名它为海尔─波普彗星。一特殊的轨道海尔─波普彗星有着特殊的轨道，它...     

Astrometric positions of comet Hale-opp (1995 O1) in 1995

Nine positions of comet Hale-Bopp (1995 O1), derived from the X-Y positions on Bosscha Schmidt plates, taken between August 15 to August 22, 1995, are given.     

Aperture Polarimetry And Photometry Of Comet Hale-Bopp

We present results of polarimetric and photometric observations of bright comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) obtained at the 0.7 m telescope of Kharkov University Observatory from June 18, 1996 to April 24, 1997. The IHW and HB comet filters were used. The C₂ and C₃ production rates for Hale-Bopp are more than one order of magnitude larger and the dust production rates are more than two orders of magnitude larger than the Halley ones at comparable distances. Hence, Hale-Bopp was one of the most dusty comets. The average UC-BC and BC-RC colours of the dust were −0.02 and 0.13 mag, respectively. The polarization of comet Hale-Bopp at small phase angles of 4.8–13.0° was in good agreement with the date for comet P1/Halley at the same phase angles in spite of the fact that the heliocentric distances of comments differed nearly twice. However, at intermediate phase angles of 34–49° the polarization of comet Hale-Bopp was significantly larger than the polarization of the other dusty comets. It is the first case of such a large difference found in the continuum polarization of comets. The wavelength dependence of polarization for Hale-Bopp was steeper than for other dusty comets. The observed degree of polarization for the anti-sunward side of the coma was permanently higher than that for the sunward shell side. The polarization phase dependence of Hale-Bopp is discussed and compared with the polarization curves for other dusty comets. The peculiar polarimetric properties of comet Hale-Bopp are most likely caused by an over-abundance of small or/and absorbing dust particles in the coma. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Imaging polarimetry of comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) around perihelion

The polarization distribution of the inner coma of comet Hale-Bopp was measured by CCD imaging around perihelion. The dust shell positions correlate well with relative maxima of polarization. The images taken in the I-band identify different shell systems, each showing individual polarization properties. This could be related to differences in the dust properties of the associated jets. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The astrometric observations of planetary satellites, close approaches and occultations of stars by asteroids and mutual events in the systems of planetary satellites with the 26-in. refractor of Pulkovo observatory in 1995-2006

Astrometric and photometric observations of major planets, their satellites and asteroids have been made with the 26-in. refractor of the Pulkovo observatory during the period from 1995 to 2006. The CCD (ST6) and photographic observations were carried out. Accurate relative position of satellites of Jupiter and Saturn have been derived. The positions of Saturn have been calculated using the theoretically predicted coordinates of satellites relative to the planet without measurements of the photographic images of the planet. Also the observations of Hale-Bopp comet and Mercury transit have been made. The 26-in. refractor has been included into the international campaign PHEMU-2003: photometric CCD observations of mutual occultations and eclipses of Galilean satellites. The light curves of the events have been obtained and parameters of the events have been determined.     

Hale-Bopp 彗星喷流结构的周期变化

通过对上海天文台佘山观测基地１９９７年３月至５月初期间所得到的Ｈａｌｅ－Ｂｏｐｐ彗 星喷流观测资料的处理和分析,发现该彗星的喷流结构有周期性变化,其周期为８—９ 天,这种周期变化可能与彗星的自转轴在空间的进动周期有关．     

Comet Hale-Bopp,Circumstellar Dust,and the Interstellar Medium

The infrared spectrum of comet Hale-Bopp, as observed with the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), presents astonishing similarities with those of the dusty disks surrounding young stars. The prominent spectral features of crystalline silicates that occur in comets, have been observed in the circumstellar media of young and old stars, yet not in the interstellar medium. We suggest from the analogy with the young-star spectra that the crystalline nature of the silicates in comet Hale-Bopp dates from the early evolution of the solar system, and also that an Oort Cloud or Kuiper Belt is presently forming around young stars observed by ISO. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Comparison of the composition of the Tempel 1 ejecta to the dust in Comet C/Hale-Bopp 1995 O1 and YSO HD 100546

Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph observations of the Deep Impact experiment in July 2005 have created a new paradigm for understanding the infrared spectroscopy of primitive solar nebular (PSN) material—the ejecta spectrum is the most detailed ever observed in cometary material. Here we take the composition model for the material excavated from Comet 9P/Tempel 1's interior and successfully apply it to Infrared Space Observatory spectra of material emitted from Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) and the circumstellar material found around the young stellar object HD 100546. Comparison of our results with analyses of the cometary material returned by the Stardust spacecraft from Comet 81P/Wild 2, the in situ Halley flyby measurements, and the Deep Impact data return provides a fundamental cross-check for the spectral decomposition models presented here. We find similar emission signatures due to silicates, carbonates, phyllosilicates, water ice, amorphous carbon, and sulfides in the two ISO-observed systems but there are significant differences as well. Compared to Tempel 1, no Fe-rich olivines and few crystalline pyroxenes are found in Hale-Bopp and HD 100546. The YSO also lacks amorphous olivine, while being super-rich in amorphous pyroxene. All three systems show substantial emission due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The silicate and PAH material in Hale-Bopp is clearly less processed than in Tempel 1, indicating an earlier age of formation for Hale-Bopp. The observed material around HD 100546 is located ∼13 AU from the central source, and demonstrates an unusual composition due to either a very different, non-solar starting mix of silicates or due to disk material processing during formation of the interior disk cavity and planet(s) in the system.     

Cyanide Chemistry in Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1)

Observations of comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) have been carried out near perihelion (1997 March) at millimeter wavelengths using the NRAO 12 m telescope. The J=1-->0, 2-->1, and 3-->2 lines of HCN at 88, 177, and 265 GHz were measured in the comet as well as the J=3-->2 lines of H13CN, HC15N, and HNC. The N=2-->1 transition of CN near 226 GHz was also detected, and an upper limit was obtained for the J=2-->1 line of HCNH+. From the measurements, column densities and production rates have been estimated. A column density ratio of [HCN]/[HNC] = 7+/-1 was observed near perihelion, while it was found that [HCN]/[HCNH+] greater, similar 1. The production rates at perihelion for HCN and CN were estimated to be Q(HCN) approximately 1x1028 s-1 and Q(CN) approximately 2.6x1027 s-1, respectively, resulting in a ratio of [HCN]/[CN] approximately 3. Consequently, HCN is sufficiently abundant to be the parent molecule of CN in Hale-Bopp, and HCNH+ could be a source of HNC. Finally, carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of 12C/13C = 109+/-22 and 14N/15N = 330+/-98 were obtained from HCN measurements, in agreement with previous values obtained from J=4-->3 data. Such ratios suggest that comet Hale-Bopp formed coevally with the solar system.     

UV Photopolarimetric Imaging of C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) with the Wide Field Imaging Survey Polarimeter (WISP)

We report on the reduction and analysis of UVpolarimetric images of CI (λ1657 Å) and dust continuum (2696 Å emissions from C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) taken using the Wide Field Imaging Survey Polarimeter (WISP) sounding rocket on 8 April, 1997. These observations represent the first imaging polarimetry of comets in the UV, and were performed in consort with ground based measurements of gas and dust polarization and distribution. The continuum results show 9% polarization across the image field with a polarization phase angle close to the 129° prediction. Comparison with ground based data implies minimal color dependence for Hale-Bopp in either the degree of polarization and in the position angle. The carbon polarimetry implies that most production occurs in the dense inner coma, and that it leaves that area in thermodynamic equilibrium. Its radial profile further constrains the carbon outflow speed to be sufficient to travel ≥5 × 10⁶ km without photoionization.