论海洋科学调查样品管理的档案属性

海洋科学调查样品(以下简称海洋样品)是海洋科学调查活动中形成的具有保存价值的一种特殊载体的历史记录.文章从海洋样品的形成过程和特点,阐述了海洋样品所具备的档案历史记录属性和再利用属性;海洋样品是与海洋科学调查档案中不可分割的一部分,与一般"实物档案"之间存在本质区别,海洋样品的档案属性可为实施海洋样品国家所有、依法统一管理提供有力的凭据.     

国家海洋档案信息管理与国家海洋数字档案馆

论述我国海洋档案信息资源存藏的分散性、管理的多头性,以及难以满足服务海洋强国战略的种种管理问题。提出首先要提高对海洋档案与涉海档案管理的全面认识,在此基础上设立全国涉海档案信息管理的领导小组以统筹全国涉海档案信息的共享管理,建立海洋档案联合目录以利于海洋档案信息资源利用。为便于涉海档案信息的归档、整合与满足多元化信息服务的需求,提出建立国家海洋数字档案馆,论述了其分步实施的目标与方案。     

海洋实物档案管理初探

随着我国海洋事业的迅猛发展,各涉海单位积累了大量实物,妥善保管并积极开发利用这些实物,将节约资金,方便开展海洋科学研究.海洋实物档案,涵盖了海洋科学调查研究中获取的有保存和利用价值的自然产物,凝结了海洋工作者聪明智慧和辛勤劳动的社会产物.借助数字虚拟技术,通过网络平台管理和展现海洋实物档案是未来的发展趋势.     

试论我国海洋档案的管理机制与模式

提出了建立我国海洋档案的管理机制的目标与组织模式，论述了行政管理机制、业务协调机制、合同管理机制、经济管理机制和监督与激励机制等5种机制在海洋档案管理中的作用，认为在纵向上采用现有档案管理机构实施行政管理的模式，而在横向上采取成立全国性海洋档案工作协调组织的模式，通过全国海洋档案管理的协调性与指导性相结合的机构，形成纵横相结合、点面相统一的新的海洋档案管理组织模式，比较符合我国海洋档案管理的实际。     

新时期海洋档案信息化建设

文章结合国家海洋局北海分局海洋信息化建设实例,分析新时期海洋档案信息化建设工作面临的机遇和存在的挑战;其中机遇主要包括国家战略规划指明发展方向和现代信息技术提供创新驱动,挑战主要包括服务观念和模式亟须转变以及档案信息资源亟须整合和共享。在此基础上提出4点建议,即不断加强制度建设和顶层设计,结合实际制定科学发展规划;强化共享理念,加快资源整合,充分发挥海洋档案信息资源价值;树立创新意识,采用高新技术,不断提高海洋档案信息化水平;以海洋信息体系现代化建设为基础,建立国家-海区-地方三级海洋档案管理体系。     

基于C/S与B/S混合结构的海洋科技档案管理系统的分析和设计

分析了目前海洋科技档案管理的现状和存在的问题,针对海洋科技档案管理的特点和具体的应用需求,提出了基于C／S与B／S混合结构的海洋科技档案管理系统（Marine Science＆Technology Archives Management System,MSTAMS）设计方案．基于海洋科技档案管理的工作流程,从系统的总体设计、数据库设计、功能模块划分以及安全管理体束等方面进行了论述,对其中的关键技术进行了分析和研究,为糸纯的开发和实施提供一套切实、可行、全面、先进的理论体来和技术指导,以实现海洋科技档案管理信息化、自动化和可视化,从而提高海洋科技档案管理的效率,满足目前各海洋研究系统及单位对档案管理和应用的需要．     

浅谈对海洋机关文书档案保管期限的思考

阐述海洋机关档案,分析影响海洋机关文件档案保管期限的因素。分别从海洋机关文件的责任者、文件的内容和文件的形式3方面来进行论述。最后对做好海洋机关档案保管期限的相关规定谈了自己的见解。     

海洋档案馆重组建设展望

海洋档案馆始建于1983年，是由国家海洋局主管的国内惟一的国家级海洋专业档案馆。海洋档案馆集中保管了我国海岛、海岸带综合调查档案以及国家海洋局、国家海洋信息中心科技成果档案和部分基建档案。在建馆初期，率先在国内开展和推行档案的规范化和标准化工作，并进行了计算机管理海洋档案的探索和试验，及时开展了馆藏档案的著录、编目和编研等开发利用工作，认真开展了档案的业务培训和技术交流。接待了大量的档案用户。目前，海洋档案馆的重组建设基本完成，并将进入新的发展时期。     

强化统一管理 突出共享服务 保障数据安全充分发挥海洋观测资料的应用价值——《海洋观测资料管理办法》解读

强化海洋观测资料统一汇交、推进海洋观测资料共享应用、保障海洋观测资料安全管理,充分发挥海洋观测资料对经济建设、社会发展和生态文明建设的服务支撑作用,意义重大。2017年6月7日,原国土资源部发布施行《海洋观测资料管理办法》(国土资源部第74号令),对我国海洋观测资料的汇交、保管、共享、使用和国际交换等资料管理工作做出了明确规定。文章从观测资料管理业务问题与需求分析入手,从海洋观测资料的统一汇交、共享服务和安全管理3个方面对办法进行了全面深入的解读。     

网络化环境下海洋数字档案的安全管理

在社会信息化的大环境下，海洋数字档案的使用正改变着档案工作的方方面面，特别是在信息安全与保密方面，对海洋档案管理工作提出了新的要求。文章对海洋数字档案的特点、网络环境下海洋数字档案的安全隐患进行了分析，从管理、网络安全和信息安全三方面提出了相应对策。     

Preformed Cd and PO4 and the relationship between the two elements in the northwestern Pacific and the Okhotsk Sea

Preformed Cd and PO₄ were investigated in the northwestern Pacific (Station CM05) and the Okhotsk Sea (Station CM06), and the relationship between the two elements was examined. At CM05, from the apparent oxygen utilization (AOU)–Cd and PO₄ plot, the different molecular ratios of consumed O₂ to regenerated Cd and PO₄ were calculated to be 254,000 (Cd) and 96 (PO₄) for the shallow layer (30–99 m) and 613,000 (Cd) and 170 (PO₄) for the deep layer (below the oxygen minimum layer), which suggested the preferential remineralization of Cd and PO₄ in the shallow layer. At CM06, regeneration ratios of O₂/Cd, PO₄ were obtained only in the shallow layer (29–124 m) as 227,000 (Cd) and 75 (PO₄). The calculated preformed Cd and PO₄ concentrations in the shallow layer were 0.59 nM of Cd and 1.6 μM of PO₄ at CM05 and 0.35 nM of Cd and 0.95 μM of PO₄ at CM06. These concentrations were much higher than those (close to 0) in the low-latitude area, which was attributable to the supply of these constituents from deep water by the strong winter convection. In the deep layer, at CM05, preformed concentrations were 0.64 nM of Cd and 1.4 μM of PO₄. Preformed PO₄ generally agreed with previously reported values in the Pacific, which suggested that the concentrations of the initial PO₄ in the deep water were preserved as preformed through the movement to the northwestern Pacific. On the other hand, obtained preformed Cd in the northwestern Pacific deep water showed a somewhat higher value than that in the southwest Pacific. The possibility of the terrestrial input and remineralization of Cd by CaCO₃ dissolution during the northward movement was considered. A plot of Cd and PO₄ showed a linear relationship with slopes of 0.34 and 0.40 (nM/μM) at CM05 and CM06, respectively, which generally agreed with the reported values in the North Pacific.     

海南省海岸带和海洋资源与环境问题及对策研究

在分析海南省海岸带和海洋资源与环境优势的基础上，指出当前存在的5个主要问题，即海洋资源的综合开发利用缺乏统一的规划、海洋防护林和生物资源破坏严重、水质富营养化、海域污染等，并对存在问题提出今后的对策。     

渤海、黄海、东海冬季海流场温度场数值模拟和同化技术

利用NASA高分辨率的卫星遥感资料SST,采用Nudging同化来模拟渤海、黄海、东海的三维温度场,减小用热通量作上边界条件所带来的误差.结果表明,模拟的海流场能较好地反映渤海、黄海、东海的环流特征.数据同化后的温度场优于未经同化的温度场.3个选择站点的同化值与实测值的均方根误差分别为1.307,0.526,0.744,用热通量资料模拟的水温与实测值的均方根误差分别为2.160,0.979,1.330.尽管只同化了海表温度,但数据同化对三维温度场结构都有影响.     

体现执法威力 维护海上权益

2004年，是我国海洋工作面临历史性机遇和挑战的一年。中国海监总队在国家海洋局的领导和关怀下，在局各有关部门和各分局、各沿海省(自治区、直辖市)海洋厅(局)的大力支持下，坚持以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，认真贯彻党的十六大和十六届三中、四中全会精神，全面落实局党组2004年的重点工作，以执法能力建设为重点，以海盾系列专项执法、执法示范工作为主线，上下团结一致，与时俱进，开拓进取，认真履行职能，全力推进全国海监队伍建设和海洋执法监察工作。     

东海黑潮温、盐度与中国东部气温和降水的相互关系

采用东海黑潮主流段长时间序列的实测温盐资料,研究了东海黑潮上层温度、上层盐度的变化及其与中国东部降水和地面气温的关系.结果表明,在过去50 a内,东海黑潮上层海温呈上升趋势,而上层盐度略呈下降趋势.东海黑潮上层海温和我国东部地面气温的关系在冬季十分密切,呈现出大面积显著的正相关,这与冬季南下冷空气的整体降温作用有关.夏季,长江中下游江水的增多致使大量长江冲淡水入海,可能是导致黑潮上层水盐度下降的一个原因,此时东海黑潮上层盐度与我国大陆东部降水呈负相关.     

Environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the offshore zones of the Baltic and the North Seas

Micronuclei (MN), nuclear buds (NB) and fragmented-apoptotic cells (FA) were analyzed in mature peripheral blood and immature cephalic kidney erythrocytes of flounder (Platichthys flesus), dab (Limanda limanda) and cod (Gadus morhua) from 12 offshore sites in the Baltic Sea (479 specimens) and 11 sites in the North Sea (291 specimens), which were collected during three research vessel cruises in December 2002, 2003 and in September 2004. The highest levels of environmental genotoxicity (frequencies of MN up to 0.5‰, NB – up to 0.75‰) and cytotoxicity (FA – up to 0.53‰) were observed in flatfishes from areas close to oil and gas platforms in the North Sea and in zones related to the extensive shipping and potentially influenced by contamination from large European Rivers (Elbe, Vistula, Oder). In dab from the offshore zones of the North Sea, the levels of nuclear abnormalities were higher as compared to those in dab from the Baltic Sea. Responses in immature kidney erythrocytes were higher than in mature erythrocytes from peripheral blood. MN frequency lower than 0.05‰ (the Baltic Sea) and lower than 0.1‰ (the North Sea) could be suspected as a reference level in the peripheral blood erythrocytes of flatfish.     

Canada and the law of the sea

This is a historical review of Canadian policy at the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea. Canadian objectives with regard to the territorial sea, fisheries, pollution prevention and the continental shelf are outlined and the role played by the Canadian delegation at UNCLOS is described. The article then examines the impact of the Convention on Canada, particular attention being paid to the Canadian Exclusive Economic Zone and the Canadian role in the controversy over seabed mining. The author concludes by arguing that Canada was a major beneficiary of the Convention, but that US opposition has placed the future of the Convention in jeopardy.     

Comparison between the magnetic and petrological characteristics of the peridotites from the gorringe ridge and the peridotites from the mid-ocean ridges

The purpose of our work was to obtain the most possible detailed information about the composition, concentration, and structural features of the magnetic minerals contained in the rock to reveal the differences in the magnetic properties of the peridotites under various circumstances of the mantle magmatism and different conditions of metamorphism. To do this, we examined and analyzed the magnetic and petrographic characteristics of four collections of oceanic and alpinotype spinel peridotites. The main object for comparing the magnetic characteristics was the Gorringe ridge, which lies in the eastern part of the Atlantic Ocean. The peridotite samples from the Gorringe ridge differ from the other collections in many magnetic parameters: I _n , χ, Q, I _rs /I _s , H _c , H _cr , and H _m . The principal question of our work was to clarify the nature of the Earth’s crust where the Gorringe ridge formed. This subject was studied many times in the literature, but the researchers did not reach a common opinion. In accordance with our data, the spinel peridotites from the Gorringe ridge represent a subcontinental lithosphere mantle of the Iberian continental margin. During the metamorphism, the formation of magnetite occurred in the peridotites of the Gorringe ridge in several stages and had a regressive character. Our investigations explain the results of the analysis of the anomalous magnetic field over the Gorringe ridge, which is characterized by sharp roughness and high intensity of the local signchanging anomalies.     

On the large-scale variability of the circulation and heat state of the ocean and atmosphere in the North Atlantic

A conclusion about two extreme regimes existing in the large-scale circulation in the North Atlantic has been drawn based on an analysis of the inter-annual variability of the analogue to the Rossby index, as well as that of the heat and dynamic characteristics in separate areas of the north subtropical circulation. The former is defined by a high level of circulation both in the atmosphere and in the subtropical water circulation. In the current century this regime was realized mainly in the years pertaining to the middle and end of a 22-year solar activity cycle (a 22-year cycle). The relatively low level of atmospheric circulation and the slackened water mass transport are typical of the second regime. It dominated mainly during the years relevant to the beginning and second half of a 22-year solar activity cycle.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Recent changes of the halocline characteristics and warming of the intermediate water in the Kamchatka current and the Oyashio

The upper Oyashio intermediate water, one of the source waters for the Sea of Okhotsk intermediate water, is exhibiting a warming trend. The historical data show that the upper Oyashio temperature increased by 2.4°C during 1953 to 2007 at the potential density of 26.75 at depths of approximately 170 m. This rate of warming is much faster than that of the global ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk. The upper Oyashio warming is likely linked to the penetration of warm water of the Alaskan Stream westward. One mechanism of this warm Alaskan Stream water penetration is associated with large Aleutian eddies.