元素-铅同位素示踪在云浮硫铁矿区 土壤铊污染研究中的应用

不同源区铅同位素的组成不同,因此可以利用铅同位素的这种"指纹"特征来示踪铅的不同源区。近年来铅同位素示踪在研究土壤中相关重金属来源及其运移途径起到独特的作用。由于铊和铅具有相似的地球化学性质,并且在云浮硫铁矿区污染土壤中其分布与铅有很好的相关性,笔者利用铅同位素作为示踪工具探讨了土壤中铊的污染特征,初步研究表明铊污染物主要累积在土壤深度0~16.5cm范围内,深度为16.5cm以下土壤受到废渣中铊污染的影响较小,但废渣周围土壤深度约44cm范围已经受到来自废渣中铊的影响。     

广东某硫酸冶炼工业区土壤铊污染及评价

运用地累积指数法（Igeo）及富集指数法（EF）对广东某硫酸厂含铊黄铁矿冶炼废渣堆渣场周围土壤铊污染状况进行了调查和评价。结果表明,废渣周围土壤已受到了明显的土壤铊污染,铊污染物主要集中在土壤0～16．5cm范围,并且表现出沿垂直方向向下迅速降低的特点;土壤表层的铊吸附量未达到饱和状态,铊污染物将继续在土壤表层发生累积作用。Igeo与EF法对铊污染评价结果相似：废渣下伏土壤0～6cm范围铊污染达到中度污染水平,而在土壤约8．5～15cm以下为无至轻度污染水平;15cm以下没有受到土壤铊的污染;相对于下伏土壤剖面,废渣外围土壤污染更为严重,其中表层土壤0～1cm铊已经达到显著污染,土壤2～10．5cm范围内铊为中度污染,而在土壤约15cm以下铊为无至轻度污染。两种方法应用于工业区土壤铊污染水平分析是可行的,但是不能表明铊在土壤中存在状态、迁移能力以及生物有效性。     

广东某硫酸冶炼工业区土壤铊污染及评价

运用地累积指数法(Igeo)及富集指数法(EF)对广东某硫酸厂含铊黄铁矿冶炼废渣堆渣场周围土壤铊污染状况进行了调查和评价。结果表明,废渣周围土壤已受到了明显的土壤铊污染,铊污染物主要集中在土壤0~165cm范围,并且表现出沿垂直方向向下迅速降低的特点;土壤表层的铊吸附量未达到饱和状态,铊污染物将继续在土壤表层发生累积作用。Igeo与EF法对铊污染评价结果相似：废渣下伏土壤0~6cm范围铊污染达到中度污染水平,而在土壤约85~15cm以下为无至轻度污染水平;15cm以下没有受到土壤铊的污染;相对于下伏土壤剖面,废渣外围土壤污染更为严重,其中表层土壤0~1cm铊已经达到显著污染,土壤2~105cm范围内铊为中度污染,而在土壤约15cm以下铊为无至轻度污染。两种方法应用于工业区土壤铊污染水平分析是可行的,但是不能表明铊在土壤中存在状态、迁移能力以及生物有效性。     

中国新生代上地幔铅同位素地球化学场对成岩、成矿物质来源的制约——以斑岩铜矿床及铜镍硫化物矿床为例

区域成矿带铅稳定同位素地球化学研究是区域地球化学分区、示踪成岩成矿物质来源、阐明矿床成因的有效途径。本文以中国特有的大地构造背景为基础,以新生代上地幔铅同位素组成的地球化学场为依据,示踪了中国大型、超大型斑岩型铜矿床及铜镍硫化物型矿床的成岩成矿物质来源。结果显示:①斑岩型铜矿床及铜镍硫化物型矿床成矿母岩继承了所属陆块的上地幔铅同位素组成特征;②两类矿床的含矿岩体和矿石矿物铅同位素组成十分一致,示踪两者同源;壳熔花岗岩和围岩地层的铅同位素组成与矿石铅同位素组成迥异;③位于各陆块的斑岩型铜矿床及铜镍硫化物型矿床的成矿母岩和矿石铅同位素组成除继承了各陆块上地幔不同的铅同位素组成特征外,还示踪了壳幔层圈间耦合性的"块体效应",同时,上地幔铅同位素组成可能还具"延迟效应"。     

铅同位素示踪技术及其在辽宁省矿业环境评价中的应用前景

铅同位素示踪技术是环境地球化学中极具发展前景的研究手段之-.从是否受到污染、污染源示踪、污染程度、污染途径、污染通量、迁移速率、生物可利用性及特定物质运动规律示踪等几个方面对铅同位素示踪技术在环境科学的应用现状进行了简要回顾,并分析了该技术在辽宁省矿业环境中的应用前景.     

利用铅同位素研究山东邹平王家庄铜矿地气物质来源

铅同位素示踪是采用铅同位素作为示踪剂,根据有关岩石、矿物的铅同位素组成和它们之间的关系判断成矿物质来源。笔者利用铅同位素示踪地气物质来源,采用ICP-MS测试方法,对山东邹平王家庄斑岩铜矿区矿石、围岩、土壤等介质的铅同位素组成与地气样品铅同位素特征进行对比,发现矿体上方地气异常样品铅同位素组成与矿石中铅同位素组成基本一致,表明地气异常样品中的铅主要来自深部矿体,且捕集剂空白和其他影响因素对地气异常样品中铅的干扰较小,其铅同位素组成更接近于矿石。     

康滇地轴元古代拉拉IOCG矿床铅同位素地球化学特征

<正>硫化物矿石铅同位素组成是示踪成矿物质来源的直接、有效方法,广泛用于矿床研究中,但铅同位素测年的可靠性及可行性却引起了很多人的质疑。拉拉IOCG矿床岩石、矿物铅同位素是放射性成因铅含量极高的异常铅,在不能用常规铅同位素等时线计算法和全球平均增长曲线来解释其异常特征的情况下,首次采用混合等时线模式研究矿床成矿时限,较为系统地对拉拉IOCG矿床铅同位素地球化学特征进行了研究。     

新疆石河子城区道路尘土的铅污染和铅同位素示踪研究

城市道路尘土中重金属污染已成为当前重大的环境问题之一.本文对我国西部石河子市城区道路尘土的重金属污染进行评价,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铅的含量及铅同位素组成,采用地积累指数法评价铅的污染程度.结果显示,石河子市城区道路尘土中重金属铅的含量范围为19.36 ～ 84.63 mg/kg,平均含量为37.85 mg/kg,高于当地土壤背景值,但明显低于我国其他大中型城市,表明当前石河子市的环境质量已经受到人为活动的干扰;尘土中铅的地积累指数在-0.59～1.54之间,平均值为0.30,属于轻度污染水平.利用铅同位素示踪法识别铅污染的来源,206pb/207Pb比值的范围是1.159 ～ 1.182,208 pb/207 Pb比值的范围是2.391 ～2.457,均接近于煤炭和建筑材料的铅同位素比值,初步判断石河子道路尘土的铅污染主要受到煤炭燃烧和城市建设的影响.     

成都市城市环境铅同位素地球化学特征

应用铅同位素示踪原理,对成都市的城市环境包括土壤、大气降尘、主要河流水系表层沉积物的铅同位素地球化学特征进行了研究。土壤的铅同位素组成基本落在燃油铅和燃煤铅的范围,表明燃油铅和燃煤铅是其主要的污染源,交通流量大的城区铅同位素组成与燃油铅接近,郊区则呈现燃煤铅的特征。大气降尘铅同位素组成主要接近燃油铅,部分落在燃油铅与燃煤铅之间,表明大气铅污染主要来自于机动车尾气排放及少量燃煤扬尘。水系表层沉积物的铅同位素组成则主要落在燃煤铅的范围,揭示燃煤铅是其主要污染源。      

西藏则学地区热液脉型铅锌矿S、Pb同位素组成及其对成矿物质来源的启示

德新和轧轧龙铅锌矿是冈底斯西段银铅锌多金属成矿带典型的热液脉型铅锌矿床,关于其成矿物质来源及与纳如松多铅锌矿成因联系的研究鲜有开展。本研究利用单矿物和全岩稳定同位素方法对德新和轧轧龙铅锌矿的主要金属硫化物和含矿花岗斑岩进行了S、Pb同位素组成分析和示踪,结果显示德新铅锌矿硫化物δ34SVCDT为3.5‰～7.4‰,平均值为6.1‰;含矿花岗斑岩δ334SVCDT为4.4‰～6.2‰,平均值为5.7‰;轧轧龙铅锌矿金属硫化物δ334SVCDT为2.7‰～8.3‰,平均值为5.1‰;德新和轧轧龙铅锌矿铅同位素比值比较稳定,变化范围基本一致;铅同位素μ值为9.48～9.82,平均值为9.64;△β、△γ变化范围基本一致,均值相差较小,表明则学地区热液脉型铅锌矿金属硫化物和斑岩具有一致的S、Pb同位素组成,铅同位素具正常铅特征;暗示硫源可能主要由花岗岩类提供,铅源则可能主要来自上地壳物质。综合前人研究认为,德新、轧轧龙热液脉型铅锌矿和纳如松多铅锌矿具有一致的硫、铅同位素组成,三者应存在成因上的联系,可能属于同一成矿系统产物;花岗斑岩为则学地区热液脉状铅锌矿化提供了成矿物质。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an