首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 453 毫秒
1.
张立祥  李泽椿 《气象》2008,34(12):3-10
针对短波辐射对东北冷涡强对流的可能影响,应用MM5模式对2002年7月12日东北冷涡诱发的强风暴个例进行了数值模拟试验.发现在东北冷涡天气尺度环流背景下,大气接收的短波辐射通过激发中尺度环流影响强对流的发生时间,而不是通过影响不稳定能量的积累触发强对流;地面短波辐射对对流层低层大气的加热作用是触发本次东北冷涡强对流的重要条件.地面短波辐射加热在对流层低层产生中尺度辐合扰动及对流不稳定层结共同促使了对流的爆发和维持.  相似文献   

2.
介绍了多精度计算和区间分析的概念、方法及应用,使用多精度计算研究Lorenz非线性动力系统计算结果对计算精度、步长的敏感依赖关系和不确定现象,研究Lorenz系统中长时间数值解的计算方法和基于多精度计算的最优步长、最大有效计算时间搜索方法,讨论了区间分析方法在计算机辅助证明Lorenz混沌吸引子存在性问题中的应用。  相似文献   

3.
综合考虑无云天气条件下,气溶胶和大气中各种吸收气体对太阳辐射的影响,建立了一个气溶胶大气的短波加热率模式,研究了兰州冬季气溶胶的短波加热效应。计算结果表明:气溶胶吸收太阳辐射而加热大气的作用是显著的。在上述工作的基础上,建立了一个完全闭合的混合层发展模式,利用数值方法探讨了气溶胶的辐射效应对混合层发展的影响。计算发现大气中气溶胶的增加会抑制混合层的发展,使混合层内的平均位温减小。  相似文献   

4.
集合平均方法减小混沌系统计算误差的效果研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了Lorenz非线性系统中使用的集合平均方法来减小计算误差的效果,通过检查5组数值试验(每组20个样本)的结果发现:集合平均对计算误差的减小和消除不如高精度算法有效,这主要体现在以下几方面:1)普通的算法和双精度的计算环境中,若截断误差是主导误差(当初值误差很小时),各集合的平均结果并不收敛于真值,而是收敛于含截断误差的数值解;2)若初值误差为主导时,系统受到初值误差增长规律的影响,数值解收敛于由初值误差主导的误差解;3)这两种误差量级接近的时候,两种误差都无法消除掉。对解的统计特征进行研究表明,可信的数值解与含计算误差的数值解有许多相似的地方,但是与集合平均的数值解有很大不同,同样说明了集合平均不适用于减小计算误差这样的问题。此外,试验结果表明即使数值解的概率分布形式基本正确,也不能保证数值解是正确的。  相似文献   

5.
沙尘暴辐射强迫的锋生过程分析   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
申绍华  陈受钧 《气象学报》1993,51(4):425-433
本文利用锋面方程结合数值模式结果讨论了在沙尘辐射强迫下,影响锋生过程的物理机制,计算了不同的沙尘分布对这种锋生过程的影响。计算和分析结果表明:白天锋生主要是由非绝热加热和水平速度变形场共同产生的,垂直速度场对锋生的影响较弱,主要起锋消作用。水平温度梯度的平流对锋生(消)的影响都很小。晚上影响低层锋消的主要因子是非绝热加热项。 当沙尘降低时,沙尘辐射强迫的锋面强度和坡度都相应地减小。沙尘暴区中心上空的等熵混合层厚度也随之减少。  相似文献   

6.
在实际大气中凝结加热对中尺度系统的发展起着重要作用,通过数值计算方法研究了扰动的波谱和谱函数,重点讨论在凝结加热条件下扰动不稳定的性质及特征。研究结果表明:考虑凝结加热时,在相同垂直切变条件下,随着波长的减小,不稳定增长率增大,即加热放宽了不稳定出现的条件,且尺度越小的扰动,对不稳定的条件要求越低。当Nse2 <0时,在大尺度和中α尺度波段,风切变有利于不稳定的发展,由风切变造成的动力学不稳定是主要的,而凝结加热造成的热力学不稳定处于次要地位;而在中β尺度波段,风切变则抑制不稳定发展,此时凝结加热造成的热力学不稳定处于主要地位。   相似文献   

7.
沙尘辐射强迫锋生过程的数值模拟   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
申绍华  陈受钧 《气象学报》1993,51(3):283-294
本文分别利用二和三维数值模式研究了沙尘暴辐射强迫的锋生过程和孤立的沙尘暴单体辐射加热对锋面环流系统的影响。结果表明:沙尘爆发时,沙尘辐射加热在大气低层导致锋生,在大气中层产生一明显的等熵位温层。水平速度场在沿锋面移动方向表现出明显的辐合(散)特征。晚上,沙尘辐射冷却导致大气低层锋消。 孤立的沙尘暴单体辐射加热在盛行风方向强迫出一个明显的垂直环流圈,它在白天较强,晚上较弱和反向。水平风场对沙尘的辐射强迫响应在不同高度上是不同的。  相似文献   

8.
陈雄山 《气象学报》1964,34(4):443-461
考虑地形及加热作用,建立了一个大气环流数值试验准地转二层模式。在辐射加热中考虑了云对长短波辐射的影响,而假定云的出现与否仅依赖于垂直速度。在模式中放置了北半球实际的地形及海陆分布,而下垫面的温度由求解下垫面热传导方程得出。把方程组化成非线性常微分方程组,用Runge-Kutta方法在电子计算机上求解。 在不计扰动的情况下,在具有年周期的太阳短波辐射的作用下,逐渐建立起下垫面纬圈平均温度梯度及基本气流。下垫面温度具有很清楚的季节变化,位相落后于太阳短波辐射一个月,求得的冬夏季的下垫面温度值与实际的气候值相当。基本气流也有明显的季节变化,夏季风速减弱,急流向北移,冬季风速增强,急流向南移,位相落后于太阳短波辐射一个多月。 北半球实际的海陆分市的热力特性,在冬季能使亚洲及太平洋上空变冷,并能使大西洋及欧洲上空变暖。在非绝热加热和地形的共同作用下,在冬季出现了随时间变化着的东亚大槽和北美大槽,以及冷空气活动过程。这种冷空气活动有其偏爱地区:起源于苏联新地岛上空,并向东南方向移动。  相似文献   

9.
季仲贞  郑朝洲 《大气科学》1990,14(4):395-403
本文研究一个带强迫、耗散的非线性准地转海流方程四系数谱模式的定常解及其稳定性问题。指出当风应力项充分强且摩擦系数足够小时,该定常方程有多态解存在,而在其它情形下只存在唯一的稳定解。文中还指出,对于有三个解出现的情形,其中有一个解总是不稳定的;另一个是带有大振幅第一分量的解,由于非线性项起着很大的控制作用,使得该解总是稳定的;第三个是Sverdrup解,它可能是稳定的,也可能是不稳定的。此外,通过对方程进行数值计算还揭示了稳定解对参数R和ε的依赖状况。  相似文献   

10.
本书是华东中尺度天气试验成果之三,内容主要包括:资料处理和分析、中尺度天气系统的分离、水平流场的分析和计算、垂直运动的计算、水汽、热量、能量、辐射和位涡收支的计算、锋生和锋生环流的计算、热不稳定的分析和计算、动力不稳定的分析和计算、飑线的数值模式及飑线的数值模  相似文献   

11.
Ulrich's radiating, compressible, spherical thermal model of turbulent convection in a superadiabatic atmosphere is examined analytically. Since the governing ordinary differential equations form an autonomous system, for which the characteristics are obtained by asymptotic approximations, the possible solutions can be exhaustively classified on the basis of their evolution in time. Results show that there are two types of thermal with finite lifetimes, and that these occur, in an atmosphere of fixed background turbulence and structure, only when the initial size and velocity of the thermal are restricted to specified regions of the (size, velocity) plane. Comparison of the analytical solution for the characteristics to a stable numerical solution indicates excellent agreement. This analytical solution should allow detailed structure calculations for superadiabatic layers at a computational cost comparable to present mixing-length calculations.  相似文献   

12.
强迫耗散非线性系统的局域阻塞流型   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
本文将正压涡度方程约化为强迫耗散的KdV方程,求得了该方程的一个定常解.这个定常解描述了非绝热加热、耗散、非线性平流和线性频散共同作用所形成的阻塞流型.在确定性初条件、随机性初条件和随机热源扰动的情况下,积分时间大于60天的三组试验表明:该阻塞流型闭合高压中心位置维持定常,而阻高中心强度的演变显示出清晰的准两周或一个月左右的低频振荡现象.  相似文献   

13.
In this paper,the processes of the occurrence and development of a mid-tropospheric cyclone (MTC hereinafter)over the South China Sea are successfully simulated,adopting the convective heating profile calculated from the ana-lysed data.And a series of numerical experiments show that the convective heating rate, especially its vertical profile,plays a key role in the occurrence,development and maintenance of the MTC.When there is highly concentratedconvective heating in middle layer(400—450hPa),the MTC could occur and maintain for longer time.And the key tosuccessfully predict the MTC by numerical model is to correctly specify the convective heating profile in the model.  相似文献   

14.
热源扰动对亚洲夏季风环流的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
沈如金  纪立人 《气象学报》1990,48(2):139-149
本文在用数值模拟方法模拟的非纬圈对称的夏季平均环流的基础上,在亚洲南部和澳大利亚地区引人热源扰动和冷源扰动,讨论这些冷热源扰动所引起的夏季风环流的改变以及流场扰动的结构和影响。  相似文献   

15.
李小凡 《气象学报》1990,48(3):327-335
本文采用考虑热岛造成的局地热力扭动的Boussinesq二维垂直剖面的动力方程组,利用高截断谱方法,得到一类稳定的中尺度非线性平衡态和极限风速的解析表达,证明了局地中尺度环流是热岛造成的局地热力扰动和平流非线性共同作用的结果;并进一步讨论了热岛强迫下的这类局地环流的某些动力特征。  相似文献   

16.
    
Following the theoretical result of Eliassen, the Sawyer-Eliassen equation for frontal circulations and the equation for forcing the meridional circulation within a circumpolar vortex are extended in isentropic coordinates to des-cribe the forcing of the azimuthally averaged mass-weighted radial-vertical circulation within translating extratropical and tropical cyclones. Several physical processes which are not evident in studies employing isobaric coordinates are isolated in this isentropic study. These processes include the effects of pressure torque, inertial torque and storm translation that are associated with the asymmetric structure in isentropic coordinates. This isentropic study also includes the effects of eddy angular momentum transport, diabatic heating and frictional torque that are common in both isentropic and isobaric studies. All of the processes are modulated by static, inertial and baroclinic stabilities. Consistent with the theoretical result of Eliassen, the numerical solution from this isentropic study shows that the roles of torque, diabatic heating and hydrodynamic stability in forcing the radial-vertical circulation within stable vortices are that 1) positive (negative) torque which results in the counterclockwise (clockwise) rotation of vortices also forces the outflow (inflow) branch of the radial-vertical circulation, 2) diabatic heating (cooling) forces the ascent (descent) branch of the radial-vertical circulation and 3) for given forcing, the weaker hydrodynamic stability results in a stronger radial-vertical circulation. It is the net inflow or convergence (net outflow or divergence), vertical motions and the associated redistribution of properties that favor the evolution of vortices with colorful weather events. Numerical solutions of this isentropic study are given in companion articles. The relatively important contribution of various physical processes to the forcing of the azimuthally-averaged mass-weighted radial-vertical circulation within different translating cyclones and in their different stages of development will be investigated.  相似文献   

17.
OntheForcingoftheRadial-verticalCirculationwithinCyclones—Part1:ConceptsandEquationsD.R.JohnsonandZhuojianYuanSpaceScienceand...  相似文献   

18.
Four-wave resonance in a forced-dissipative barotropic atmosphere   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Summary This paper investigates four-wave resonance dynamics containing Ekman friction and diabatic heating. A general nonlinear low-frequency-period (LFP) solution is derived by a new time transformation from the equation of quasigeostrophic vorticity for the forced-dissipative barotropical atmosphere. The solution shows that the friction tends to prolong the LFP and the heating tends to shorten it. For a given time interval, because the effect of the friction exceeds that of the heating it is responsible for the LFP lengthening and v.v. The fact that frictional impact may be either stronger or weaker for a particular period of time leads to a longer or shorter LFP, suggesting a chaotic state of atmospheric motion. For statistical averaging on a long-term basis, however, the effects of both types are in balance so that the LFP is more or less fixed, thereby providing a new kind of physical mechanism for the predictability of climate on monthly/seasonal timescales. Furthermore, the extra-tropical quasi biweekly and 30–50 days oscillations are related to external forcing, and free Rossby wave quasi-resonance, respectively. For the first time it is found that the Ekman friction is able to excite explosive instability in a barotropical atmosphere. These results will be of use to the improvement of the two conclusions reported in Craik (1985).Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.  相似文献   

19.
盆地环流型及冷湖的形成和消散的数值研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
陈明  傅抱璞 《气象科学》1995,15(2):28-37
本文建立了一个三维原始方程数值模式,模拟三维盆地中的环流,重点讨论在热力强迫环流型的转变过程中能量场的动量场的配置情况及环流演变过程。模拟结果表明,夜间地面强烈的辐射冷却过程引起盆地各坡面冷迳流的发展,盆地中成为冷空气湖,逆温层结建立。日出后对流边界层从大气低层向上发展,逆温从底部随之消蚀,仅在上层存在了夜间逆温残余,即所谓稳定核,上坡风在对流边界层发展,而稳定核内仍维持夜间下坡风环流。  相似文献   

20.
When Lagrangian stochastic models for turbulent dispersion are applied to complex atmospheric flows, some type of ad hoc intervention is almost always necessary to eliminate unphysical behaviour in the numerical solution. Here we discuss numerical strategies for solving the non-linear Langevin-based particle velocity evolution equation that eliminate such unphysical behaviour in both Reynolds-averaged and large-eddy simulation applications. Extremely large or ‘rogue’ particle velocities are caused when the numerical integration scheme becomes unstable. Such instabilities can be eliminated by using a sufficiently small integration timestep, or in cases where the required timestep is unrealistically small, an unconditionally stable implicit integration scheme can be used. When the generalized anisotropic turbulence model is used, it is critical that the input velocity covariance tensor be realizable, otherwise unphysical behaviour can become problematic regardless of the integration scheme or size of the timestep. A method is presented to ensure realizability, and thus eliminate such behaviour. It was also found that the numerical accuracy of the integration scheme determined the degree to which the second law of thermodynamics or ‘well-mixed condition’ was satisfied. Perhaps more importantly, it also determined the degree to which modelled Eulerian particle velocity statistics matched the specified Eulerian distributions (which is the ultimate goal of the numerical solution). It is recommended that future models be verified by not only checking the well-mixed condition, but perhaps more importantly by checking that computed Eulerian statistics match the Eulerian statistics specified as inputs.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号