A critical state model for sands dependent on stress and density

An elastoplastic model for sands is presented in this paper, which can describe stress–strain behaviour dependent on mean effective stress level and void ratio. The main features of the proposed model are: (a) a new state parameter, which is dependent on the initial void ratio and initial mean stress, is proposed and applied to the yield function in order to predict the plastic deformation for very loose sands; and (b) another new state parameter, which is used to determine the peak strength and describe the critical state behaviour of sands during shearing, is proposed in order to predict simply negative/positive dilatancy and the hardening/softening behaviour of medium or dense sands. In addition, the proposed model can also predict the stress–strain behaviour of sands under three-dimensional stress conditions by using a transformed stress tensor instead of ordinary stress tensor. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Elastic solutions for stresses in a transversely isotropic half‐space subjected to three‐dimensional buried parabolic rectangular loads

In many areas of engineering practice, applied loads are not uniformly distributed but often concentrated towards the centre of a foundation. Thus, loads are more realistically depicted as distributed as linearly varying or as parabola of revolution. Solutions for stresses in a transversely isotropic half‐space caused by concave and convex parabolic loads that act on a rectangle have not been derived. This work proposes analytical solutions for stresses in a transversely isotropic half‐space, induced by three‐dimensional, buried, linearly varying/uniform/parabolic rectangular loads. Load types include an upwardly and a downwardly linearly varying load, a uniform load, a concave and a convex parabolic load, all distributed over a rectangular area. These solutions are obtained by integrating the point load solutions in a Cartesian co‐ordinate system for a transversely isotropic half‐space. The buried depth, the dimensions of the loaded area, the type and degree of material anisotropy and the loading type for transversely isotropic half‐spaces influence the proposed solutions. An illustrative example is presented to elucidate the effect of the dimensions of the loaded area, the type and degree of rock anisotropy, and the type of loading on the vertical stress in the isotropic/transversely isotropic rocks subjected to a linearly varying/uniform/parabolic rectangular load. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种带自由面的三维船体贴体网络的数值生成

本文提出了一个生成自由面的三维船体贴体网格的数值方法。文中以静水面以上的船体型线作为描述非定常自由面的计算网格域，进一步完善了我们以往开发的无法考虑兴波与静水面以上的船体型线相互作用对船舶粘性流动影响的网格生成方法。静水面以上的初始自由面网格分别沿船面法线η及切线ζ方向的曲线长的指数进行分布，即可极方便地调节自由面在船面及静水面附近的网格间距，也保证了在数值离散三维Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ方程时具有相当好的收敛性。这种方法的特点是计算量相当小，尤其能极方便地控制网格在船面簿粘性层中及静水面附近的分布。以Ｓｅｒｉｅｓ６０船模作为计算算例，带自由面的网格分布是相当满意的     

Interpretation of single-well tracer tests using fractional-flow dimensions. Part 1: Theory and mathematical models

Generalized equations using fractional-flow dimensions were derived to estimate the Darcy and seepage velocities obtained from the point-dilution and the single-well injection-withdrawal field tests conducted in fractured-rock aquifers. Seepage velocities can only be estimated from single-well tests if the hydraulic conductivity and the hydraulic gradient are known a priori. However, if a radial-convergent test is also performed between two boreholes, the kinematic porosity can be estimated and be used to estimate the seepage velocity from the single-well test results. To apply the generalized equations, the flow dimension and the extent of the flow region must be known. Therefore, the generalized radial flow (GRF) model of Barker (1988; a generalized radial flow model for hydraulic tests in fractured rock. Water Resour Res 24(10):1796–1804) is used to estimate the flow dimension because of its wide range of applications. A pumping test performed on the boreholes will yield an estimate of the fractional-flow dimension by applying the GRF model. Electronic Publication     

止水帷幕在高层建筑深基坑中的应用

某高层建筑基坑西侧紧邻一道河沟,水量较大,采取三重管高压摆喷帷幕止水[1～4],施工完成后通过监测,未发现渗漏、地下水位明显下降和周围建筑物沉降现象。     

人地非线性相关作用的探讨

从自组织系统思想出发，提出了人地关系的基本特性，通过逻辑斯蒂听数学变换，分析了人地非线性相关作用的混沌特性，进而讨论了人地关系的分形性质。基于混 过程与分形结构的因果关系，指出：地球表层系统中的人文分形景观乃是人地非线性关系的混沌作用所致。     

吉林省辉南地区含金韧性剪切带的构造地质特征

吉林省辉南地区韧性剪切带岩石变形特征复杂多样。通过对剪切带内岩石的有限应变测量和变形环境的分析,认为本区韧性剪切带发育在地壳浅层次的低温低压环境,为逆冲推覆韧性变形,其变形变质作用相当于低绿片岩相,具有独特的构造组合和岩石变形特征,差异应力值为４５－５４ＭＰａ,剪切位移量约为１２．５ｋｍ,形成时间为中元古宙。     

天然气水合物准三维地震勘探电缆动态定位精度研究

在我国某海域对天然气水合物研究过程中,使用了单源单缆准三维地震勘探方法,获得了较好的天然气水合物矿体三维成像效果.影响天然气水合物矿体三维成像的因素很多,其中,电缆动态定位精度是最直接的影响因素之一.在大量试验数据的基础上,研究了罗盘对电缆动态定位精度的影响,研究结果与海试资料及国内外资料非常吻合,这对天然气水合物准三维调查具有一定的指导意义.根据该研究结果,在保证一定定位误差的前提下,最终确定了电缆的排列长度为2 400 m(192道),获得了较高的动态定位精度.2007年在该海域实施了钻探,国内首次发现了水合物样品.钻探结果与地震资料的吻合证实了准三维地震方法定位精度已达到较高的程度.     

地震相和测井相联合预测火山岩相分布特征研究

以火山岩的基本地质特征、测井特征与测井相及其地震相特征与地震相分类为基础,依据测井相所建立的火山岩相模式,时地震相进行标定,形成由火山岩相、测井相和地震相组成的"三相"技术.该技术建立起"三相"之间的对应关系,以揭示火山岩相空间展布规律及变化特征.将"三相"技术应用于某盆地北部地区的营城组火山岩相研究.把营城组一段的地震相转换成火山岩相,得到火山岩相的平面分布,有效地预测出某盆地北部地区营城组一段火山岩的空间展布规律和火山岩储层有利相带.钻井证实:火山岩相之通道相岩石的物性最好,侵出相和爆发相次之,火山沉积相最差;火山岩相以火山颈岩物性最好,溢流相顶部次之.     

帷幕灌浆中三序变两序施工的工效及成果比较

在选定的试验区内同时分两序和三序进行施工,以确定帷幕灌浆两序施工的合理性,并与三序施工进行工效及成果对比。