Elastic solutions for stresses in a transversely isotropic half‐space subjected to three‐dimensional buried parabolic rectangular loads

In many areas of engineering practice, applied loads are not uniformly distributed but often concentrated towards the centre of a foundation. Thus, loads are more realistically depicted as distributed as linearly varying or as parabola of revolution. Solutions for stresses in a transversely isotropic half‐space caused by concave and convex parabolic loads that act on a rectangle have not been derived. This work proposes analytical solutions for stresses in a transversely isotropic half‐space, induced by three‐dimensional, buried, linearly varying/uniform/parabolic rectangular loads. Load types include an upwardly and a downwardly linearly varying load, a uniform load, a concave and a convex parabolic load, all distributed over a rectangular area. These solutions are obtained by integrating the point load solutions in a Cartesian co‐ordinate system for a transversely isotropic half‐space. The buried depth, the dimensions of the loaded area, the type and degree of material anisotropy and the loading type for transversely isotropic half‐spaces influence the proposed solutions. An illustrative example is presented to elucidate the effect of the dimensions of the loaded area, the type and degree of rock anisotropy, and the type of loading on the vertical stress in the isotropic/transversely isotropic rocks subjected to a linearly varying/uniform/parabolic rectangular load. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Quaternary stratigraphy of the buried valleys of the lower Red Deer River,Alberta, Canada

The Quaternary fills of the buried valleys of southern Alberta and Saskatchewan have provided a wealth of information for the reconstruction of the glacial-interglacial record of the western plains of Canada, and this paper reports on the previously unstudied stratigraphy of the buried Calgary Valley and its former tributaries in the lower Red Deer River area. We attempt to differentiate Empress Group sediments, which potentially relate to pre-glacial, interglacial/ interstadial and post-glacial lake and river deposition, using sedimentology, stratigraphy and palaeoecology. Twenty-nine stratigraphical logs indicate that Empress Group sediments have infilled a considerably large area of badlands and tributary coulees that once drained into the Calgary Valley, located 15 km to the north of Dinosaur Provincial Park. Radiocarbon dates of 52.4 ka, 27.4 ka and > 42.4 ka and glacially modified quartz grains suggest that at least some of the valley fills date to interglacial or interstadial periods and may be mid-Wisconsinan in age. However, outcrops of an older till overlying other valley fills suggest that the buried valleys were only partially excavated during interglacials/interstadials and that older (even pre-glacial) sediments could have survived. Subglacial channels, recognisable on air photographs, largely coincide with buried valley positions due to the preferential excavation of the Quaternary sediment by meltwater and are filled with post-glacial lake sediment from which a radiocarbon date of 16 ka BP was obtained. Pre-glacial and glacial/post-glacial Empress Group sediments are lithologically indistinct but cover a large time span in southern Alberta.     

视电阻率观察中一种抗介质干扰的尝试

埋地金属管线对视电阻率的观测危害甚大。造成观测值大幅改变，跳动，无规律可循。严重时，甚至台站报废，被迫搬迁。通过一些突发事件的启发，结合现场实验，并引证了一些理论计算，笔者摸索出了只须对金属管道作局部微小的改造，就能基本克服其对观测的干扰的方法。该方法在红格台试验半年多来，取得了明显的效果。观测值恢复到安装的水管以前的水平，再无大幅度的跳动。该方法节约经费，简单易行，大大提高了台站在复杂环境中的生存能力。     

对河南省栾川县大练沟泥石流治理的经验总结

随着国民经济迅速发展,对矿产资源的需求日益增多,20世纪七、八十年代的开采只追求产量和经济效益,而忽视了对环境的保护,开采的矿渣乱排乱放现象非常严重,严重破坏了环境,象这样的矿山在全国各地有很多,随着时间的发展,松散堆积的矿渣在洪水的作用下顺着沟道倾泻而下,形成泥石流,对下游的人民生命财产造成严重的破坏和威胁,矿山泥石流逐步发展,进入发展期和活跃期,必将造成更大的危害。因此对这样的泥石流沟进行研究和治理是很有必要的。在对河南省栾川县大练沟泥石流的治理过程中,得出以下几点体会,现总结归纳出来,希望对类似泥石流沟的治理提供借鉴。     

城市地铁隧道施工对管线的影响研究

结合深圳地铁大剧院-科学馆区间隧道非降水施工对管线的影响问题,阐明了该工程的施工方案,给出了管线安全性的评价标准。在此基础上,首先利用土工离心模型试验,模拟了隧道开挖对管线的影响,然后,利用三维弹塑性有限元法模拟了隧道施工过程中管线的动态响应。通过离心模型试验、数值模拟分析、现场量测的地表沉降值的对比分析可知,三者的数据基本吻合,论证了分析结果的合理性和可靠性,并对施工期间管线的安全性做出了评价,为该工程顺利实施提供了理论依据和指导作用,并取得了一些有意义的成果。     

辽河坳陷滩海区海月潜山裂缝型储层预测研究

裂缝型储层是潜山油气藏的重要储集层,裂缝形成的控制因素复杂,识别难度大;然而裂缝形成机制和地震反射特征是有规律可循的。因此,对裂缝发育控制因素和分布规律进行了分析探讨,并采用蚂蚁追踪裂缝识别、吸收衰减属性分析和多属性聚合分析等技术对潜山储层进行预测,细化处理流程,多种预测相互印证,减少单一预测方法存在的多解性和局限性,提高了潜山储层预测的可靠性。利用该方法在辽河坳陷滩海区海月潜山裂缝型储层进行实际应用,并取得了较好的效果,为潜山勘探提供了重要依据。     

Safety Assessment of Buried Pipeline during Pile Driving Vibration in Offshore Engineering

To assess the impact of pile driving on adjacent submarine pipelines during the reconstruction of a pier berth, the local damage model of submarine pipelines is established to explore the safety thresholds of the particle peak velocity and horizontal displacement. The results are analyzed and adjusted by the existing standards and the corresponding literatures. Then, a three-dimensional numerical model is presented to assess the feasibility of the construction of piles by the obtained safety limits, in which the nonlinear behavior of the soil and stress–seepage coupling analysis are considered. After the construction, the safety of submarine pipelines is rechecked by the measured value of the particle peak velocity and horizontal displacement. Meanwhile, the propagation law of vibration, the horizontal displacement of underground soil, and the pore pressure during pile driving are explored. The results indicate that the construction of piles of 2# mooring pier did not cause damage to adjacent submarine pipelines. However, the construction of piles of 1# mooring pier which is nearer may cause damage to submarine pipelines.     

长江口外陆架区埋藏古河道研究

大量高分辨率单道地震和浅地层剖面资料显示长江口外的广大海域分布着大量埋藏古河道,据区域浅层地质特征及地震相特征,可把研究区埋藏古河道断面划分为对称、不对称和复式三种类型;河道内充填的沉积物复杂多样;古河道主要存在于晚更新世晚期沉积层中。60个古河道断面串联成长180km的古长江河系以及长64km的古舟山河和长近100km的古钱塘江河两条支流河道系。长江古河道宽深比较大,盛冰期时深切81~109m,河底纵比降为0.82×10-4,平均古流量约为535.24m3/s,最大断面的古流量为20433.72m3/s。按比降-河宽法判别,当时古长江河道为辫状分汊河型。     

基于CEL法的埋深海底管道受坠物撞击损伤分析

海底管道一旦受到坠物撞击损伤,会造成严重的环境污染及经济损失,为保证管道在运行期间的安全性,常对其进行埋深处理。对于有埋深的海底管道,坠物的撞击会造成管道上覆土体的大变形,在数值模拟中会导致网格畸变,甚至无法收敛。耦合欧拉-拉格朗日法(CEL法)可有效处理土体大变形问题,本文基于此方法建立了坠物-管道-土体有限元模型,分析了坠物撞击速度、质量、形状、海床土体性质(弹性模量、内摩擦角、黏聚力)、埋深对海底管道塑性变形的影响。结果表明,管道的凹痕深度随坠物撞击速度和质量的增加而增加;坠物与海床土体及管道接触面积越小,管道的凹痕深度越大;管道的埋置深度及海床土体的性质对吸收坠物的撞击能量有直接关系:海床土体的强度越高、埋深越大,管道所受到的损伤程度越小。分析结果可为管道的设计与防护工作提供科学依据,且与现行规范比较,本文方法更加经济、合理。     

渤海湾盆地石臼坨东428潜山构造成因解析:华北克拉通破坏的深度揭示

渤海湾盆地是在中生代华北克拉通破坏基础上,经由新生代深埋形成的叠合盆地,遭受了多期不同性质构造叠加改造.渤海海域油气资源的勘探逐步走向深层,深部潜山油气藏成为重要的勘探目标.本文以石臼坨东428潜山构造(以下简称428构造)为例,探索渤海湾盆地潜山的形成和构造演化.基于前人对渤海湾盆地内构造和储层特征的研究成果,通过对...