ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK CORRECTION OF ROUGH ERRORS OF OBSERVATIONS*

In the context of tower measured radiation datasets.following the correction principle meeting a diagnostic equation in data quality control and in terms of a technique for model construction on data and ANN (artificial neural network) retrieval for BP correction of radiation measurements with rough errors available,a BP model is presented.Evidence suggests that the developed model works well and is superior to a convenient multivariate linear regression model,indicating its wide applications.     

A bilinear approximation of the surface relief in terrain correction computations

A new method is presented for the computation of the gravitational attraction of topographic masses when their height information is given on a regular grid. It is shown that the representation of the terrain relief by means of a bilinear surface not only offers a serious alternative to the polyhedra modeling, but also approaches even more smoothly the continuous reality. Inserting a bilinear approximation into the known scheme of deriving closed analytical expressions for the potential and its first-order derivatives for an arbitrarily shaped polyhedron leads to a one-dimensional integration with – apparently – no analytical solution. However, due to the high degree of smoothness of the integrand function, the numerical computation of this integral is very efficient. Numerical tests using synthetic data and a densely sampled digital terrain model in the Bavarian Alps prove that the new method is comparable to or even faster than a terrain modeling using polyhedra.     

GPS水汽遥感中的大气干延迟局地订正模型研究

在GPS遥感水汽过程中,大气干延迟模型的精度直接影响水汽遥感的精度。根据广东清远站1995～2001年的气象探空资料,计算了GPS水汽测量中的实际大气干延迟。在此资料基础上,利用地面气象要素建立了大气干延迟的年和分月局地订正模型。分析结果表明,年模型的精度优于目前广泛使用的普适模型;月模型与年模型相比,效果不是很明显,建立局地分月订正模型意义不大;在对高度角的敏感程度上,局地模型略大些;当高度角小于75时,大气干延迟弯曲路径与直线路径之差ΔS随天顶角增大而迅速增大。     

Correcting method of eddy covariance fluxes over non-flat surfaces and its application in ChinaFLUX

Although Eddy Covariance (EC) technique is one of the best methods for estimating the energy and mass exchanges between underlying surface and atmosphere in micrometeorology, errors and uncertainties still exist without necessary corrections. In this paper, we will focus on the effect of coordinate system on the eddy fluxes. Based on the data observed over four sites (one farmland site, one grassland site and two forest sites), the effects of three coordinate system transforming methods (Double Rotation-DR, Triple Rotation-TR and Planar Fit-PF)on the turbulent fluxes are analyzed. It shows that (i) the corrected fluxes are more or less than the uncorrected fluxes, which is related mainly to the sloping degree of surface, wind speed and wind direction; and (ii) pitch angle has a sinusoidal dependence on wind direction, especially in the regular sloping terrain; and (iii) PF method is something like the simplification of TR or DR,and there are not obvious distinctions in correction in sloping grassland and flat farmland, but PF method is not suitable for uneven and irregular forest sites.     

基于FY-3C微波辐射成像仪海表温度产品的偏差订正方法研究

提出一种针对FY-3C搭载的微波辐射成像仪(MWRI)海表温度产品的分段回归偏差订正方法,该方法通过引进气候态海表温度数据,建立与关联实测海表温度相匹配的回归模型,并通过对模型中关联变量的误差分析,选择最优样本进行分段回归,以实现对海表温度数据的重新估计。通过对MWRI海表温度数据的偏差订正试验表明,采用分段回归方法获得的订正结果无论在误差指标的空间分布还是时间序列上,都要明显优于采用传统概率密度函数偏差订正方法的结果。其中,采用概率密度函数方法订正后的海表温度产品误差标准差和均方根误差从订正前的0.9—1.0℃,减小到0.8℃左右,而采用分段回归方法获得相应的订正误差仅为0.6℃左右,订正效果有明显改善。     

固体潮校正计算方法的改进

Excel被认为是当前功能强大、使用方便的电子表格软件。从1993年起,Excel就开始支持Visual Basic for Applications（VBA）．VBA是一款功能强大的工具,它使Excel形成了独立的编程环境。重力固体潮校正的计算改进前,重力计算中都是通过basic语言的程序设计在dos环境下来完成的。在大量应用windows的今天,dos的应用已经没有象windows那样普及。如果不能了解dos环境下的命令语句,根本就不能完成重力的计算工作。为此作者等对固体潮校正的计算进行改进,改进后达到了简单、高效的效果。     

从Lacoste－Romberg重力仪零位移特性的分析论提高观测精度的途径

零位校正误差是重力仪除标定以外最主要的误差来源.本文根据作者数年来从事高精度重力勘探工作中所积累的资料,对此问题进行了较为全面客观的分析研究.(l)对Lacoste-Romberg重力仪的正常零位变化和零位突变特性提出了分析结论;(2)对实测资料采用动、静分高处理方法,分析了重力仪连续工作时(数日至数十日)由于零位非线性变化可能引起的零位校正误差;(3)通过对实测资料的分析计算,得到了零位突变对重力仪观测精度影响的参考值;(4)针对重力仪使用中的实际问题提出了改善零位移线性度的实施对策.     

The Influence of Chlorine on the Determination of Combined Water: An Investigation of a Correction Procedure

Differential thermal analysis, pH determination and ion chromatography were used to investigate the interference of chlorine in the determination of combined water (H₂O⁺) by the Penfield tube gravimetric method. The magnitude of the chlorine interference was quantified and a correction method was proposed to obtain accurate results for H₂O⁺. The method was applied to the determination of H₂O⁺ in deep sea sediments containing chlorine and certified reference materials of oceanic polymetallic nodules.     

钻孔揭露岩体构造特征确定露天采矿场推荐边坡角的方法应用探讨

文章从处理钻孔所揭露出的岩体构造资料入手,提出了位于类似热带地区的具有基岩露头少、堆积层厚大、矿体埋藏条件适宜露天开采等特征的矿床的露天采矿中确定推荐边坡角的一种方法。通过详细收集弱风化及未风化且节理开启或由方解石、石膏、粘土等软弱矿物充填的岩石的岩体构造特征,图解统计节理发育密度、节理与岩芯轴夹角随钻孔深度变化关系,并以相应钻孔深度倾角标准离差作修正,提出不同露天开采深度与稳定边坡角的关系。