Correcting method of eddy covariance fluxes over non-flat surfaces and its application in ChinaFLUX

Although Eddy Covariance (EC) technique is one of the best methods for estimating the energy and mass exchanges between underlying surface and atmosphere in micrometeorology, errors and uncertainties still exist without necessary corrections. In this paper, we will focus on the effect of coordinate system on the eddy fluxes. Based on the data observed over four sites (one farmland site, one grassland site and two forest sites), the effects of three coordinate system transforming methods (Double Rotation-DR, Triple Rotation-TR and Planar Fit-PF)on the turbulent fluxes are analyzed. It shows that (i) the corrected fluxes are more or less than the uncorrected fluxes, which is related mainly to the sloping degree of surface, wind speed and wind direction; and (ii) pitch angle has a sinusoidal dependence on wind direction, especially in the regular sloping terrain; and (iii) PF method is something like the simplification of TR or DR,and there are not obvious distinctions in correction in sloping grassland and flat farmland, but PF method is not suitable for uneven and irregular forest sites.     

Studies on wind environment around high buildings in urban areas

High buildings or architectural complex in urban areas remarkably distort the urban surface wind fields. As the air flow approaches,local strong wind may appear around the buildings. The strong wind makes the pedestrians on sidewalks, entrances and terrace very uncomfortable and causes the pedestrian level wind environment problem. In this studies, hot-wire wind measurement, wind scouring in wind tunnel and numerical computation were carried out to evaluate the wind environment of tall buildings in the prevailing flow conditions in Beijing areas. The results obtained by three techniques were compared and mutually verified. The conclusions drawn from three approaches agree with each other. Also the advantages and limitations of each method were analyzed. It is suggested that the combination of different techniques may produce better assessment of wind environment around high buildings.     

0～6 h定量降雪(雨)预报技术及其在温哥华冬奥会中的应用

利用中尺度数值预报模式与雷达回波外推技术相结合,围绕SNOWV10项目的科学目标,在自动判识降水相态(雨、雪或雨雪混合物)基础上,利用雷达反演降雪(雨)关系,建立短时(0～6 h)定量降雪(雨)预报方法,并集成到GRAPES-SWIFT临近预报系统,为温哥华冬奥会提供实时场馆预报产品.从2010年2月冬奥会使用情况看,所建立的定量降雪(雨)预报技术,一定程度满足高纬度冬季降雪(雨)临近预报预警的需求,但降水(雨或雪)预报量级偏小,针对场馆的降水预报起止时间节奏偏差较大,各时次预报一致性有待改进.     

时距平面剩余时差选择加权叠加压制多次波方法及效果

一个CDP道集经动校正后,多次波仍存在剩余时差δt,它随炮检距呈抛物线变化。由δt的变化即可求出多次波剩余波数△K的分布规律。据此,可设计一个理想的叠加剩余波数响应,用于动校正后的CDP道集的加权叠加。在t～x平面选择δt,即可改变叠加剩余波数响应,从而改变各道的加权系数,实现最佳压制多次波的效果。     

安丘市建设用地需求预测及供需矛盾研究

以安丘市为例,通过对1999—2008年间建设用地面积变化趋势的分析,以及对安丘市建设用地增加的驱动力研究,采用平均增长率法、回归分析法和趋势分析法,预测分析安丘市2020年的建设用地需求量;通过对安丘市土地利用现状分析,依据上级规划和其他相关规定,分析安丘市2020年建设用地供给量,以此来探讨安丘市建设用地可能的供需矛盾,提出有效的解决方案。     

Nino2、3区的大洋科考船测气象海浪特征分析

通过分析中国大洋科考22航次第七航段海洋环境资料,重点研究了热带东太平洋洋中脊海域的气象与海浪特征,并分析了同期热带大洋气候背景.船测资料与卫星资料的分析结果一致显示,洋中脊海区受到了东南太平洋副热带高压偏强的影响.本文的分析结果将为更精确地研究Nin02、3区的海洋环境特征提供了数据支持.     

GPS测量数据与计算机实时通信的研究与实现

介绍了GPS接收机与计算机之间实时通信的NMEA-0183数据格式,并以Leica 500系列接收机为例,介绍了如何进行GPS接收机的配置.在VC 平台下,给出了3种实现方式,并讨论了每种方式的优缺点,并指出了编程时的注意事项,对于开发类似的实时通信及监测系统具有一定的借鉴作用.     

分布式虚拟地理环境中时空一致性研究

为了保证分布式虚拟地理环境的时空一致性和解决共享虚拟场景过程中的同步和一致,本文提出了在虚拟地理环境中通过统一的空间基准和环境描述来保证空间一致性,通过具体的减少数据传输延迟的技术方案来保证实时性.     

基于ET技术的水权分配

通过研究减少蒸腾蒸发（ET）,来达到“真实”节水,以馆陶县为例,通过计算馆陶县ET值,利用ET技术进行水权分配。为以后馆陶县水资源开发利用和保护提供理论数据,对水资源的可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。