科学技术进步和现代经济地理学的方法论问题

现在正是科学技术高速发展的时期,它必然引起劳动地域分工和生产地域组织的变化。研究经济问题的所有学科的研究对象也因而随着变化。促成这些变化的经济因素是。生产系统和非生产系统的形成;生产和非生产领域的高速发展;生产集中和地域集中;引用新工艺和新的劳动手段.     

制图教育在俄罗斯各综合大学的学术与教学课题

制图学教育在俄罗斯高等综合大学已有65年的历史(1929～1994),早在1929年制图专业就已在莫斯科大学地理系创建。当今在俄罗斯培养高技能制图员的综合大学有莫斯科大学、圣彼得堡大学、伊尔库茨克大学、伊热夫斯克大学、萨兰斯克大学、特维尔大学以及最近(1994年)刚刚获得工程技术综合大学地位的老牌国家测量制图高等学校——莫斯科测绘学院。     

Contamination of organotin compounds and imposex in molluscs from Vancouver,Canada

Gastropods and bivalves were collected at 15 sites at Vancouver and Victoria, Canada between 24 May and 7 June, 1999, to establish tissue concentrations of butyltin and phenyltin compounds, to record imposex symptoms in gastropods, and to assess the present status of organotin contamination around Vancouver. No neogastropods (such as Nucella lima) were found around Vancouver. Neogastropod populations could have been extirpated by severe TBT contamination in Vancouver, as relatively high concentrations of TBT were detected in tissues of Mytilus trossulus from Vancouver, and the neogastropods distributed in Vancouver might be sensitive to TBT. Recovery from imposex, however, was observed in neogastropod populations from three sites at Victoria and Mission Point. TBT contamination has continued around Vancouver, arising from continuous use of TBT in antifouling paints for vessels larger than 25 m in length; however, TBT has decreased around Victoria and Mission Point. Different patterns of TBT accumulation in tissue were observed among the bivalve species from Vancouver. The highest TBT concentration detected in Tresus capax suggested some possible adverse effects. TBT was the most predominant butyltin component in almost all bivalve specimens surveyed, suggesting a low rate of TBT metabolism. Phenyltin compounds were not detected in any molluscan specimens in this study.     

Variations of antioxidant efficiency and presence of endosymbiotic diatoms in the Antarctic porifera Haliclona dancoi

The role of endosymbiotic diatoms as pro-oxidant stressors in porifera has been investigated in the Antarctic sponge Haliclona dancoi in which the presence of diatoms is influenced by marked seasonal variations during the austral summer. Both chlorophaeopigments and frustules were absent in sponge tissues sampled in early November at the beginning of the summer and increased from the mid of December with slightly shifted temporal trends. The efficiency of antioxidant defenses in the sponge showed a marked response to symbionts with clearly enhanced values corresponding to the peak of diatoms.     

应用C14测定浮游生物初级生产力的方法

本文从单位时间和单位体积内通过光合作用转变为有机碳的重量出发,介绍了一个测定有机物初级生产力的新的海洋学方法。为了使对此感兴趣的人都能够参照他们各自的需要来应用或改进这一同位素定量方法,我们简短地对操作方法和历史作了一般的评价之后,还作了相当详尽的叙述。     

Different cardiac response to copper in limpets from metal polluted and clean shores of Hong Kong

The gastropod limpet, Cellana grata, is common on moderately exposed to exposed Hong Kong rocky shores. On the basis of the existing literature on trace metal contamination in Hong Kong, four sites were identified, representative of highly polluted (Aberdeen and Lei Yue Mun) and clean (Cape d'Aguilar and Clear Water Bay) conditions. Limpets from the two polluted sites showed similar, but significantly higher body concentrations of copper than limpets from the two clean sites, which were also similar. Non-invasive measurements of cardiac activity of limpets from the four sites showed between site differences in baseline heart rates under standard seawater, irrespective of pollution level. When acutely exposed to water borne copper (2 h, 0.5+/-0.06 SD ppm), however, limpets from clean sites showed a significantly higher increase in inter-beating time (bradycardia) than those from polluted sites. These results highlight the potential use of cardiac activity to assess the exposure of natural populations of limpets to trace metal pollution.