长江中下游晚中生代中基性岩的铅同位素特征:富集地幔的证据

长江中下游东段庐枞、怀宁、繁昌、铜陵和宁芜地区的中基性岩属于碱性系列 ,具有高的U ,Th含量和Th/Pb ,U/Pb比值 ,分别平均为 2 .82× 10 -6,9.5 6× 10 -6和 0 .6 35 ,0 .184。样品的初始铅同位素 (130Ma)组成为 :(2 0 6Pb/ 2 0 4Pb) i=17.6 5～ 18.6 0 ,(2 0 7Pb/ 2 0 4Pb) i=15 .4 2～ 15 .5 0 ,(2 0 8Pb/ 2 0 4Pb) i=37.6 7～ 38.0 4。形成中基性岩的原始岩浆来源于富集的岩石圈地幔 ,具有EMⅠ和EMⅡ ,且以EMⅡ为主的特征。和长江中下游西段黄石地区以及大别地块西南部玄武岩的比较表明 ,长江中下游地区岩石圈地幔高的Th/Pb和U/Pb比值可能和俯冲板片析出流体的交代有关。晚中生代时期 ,华北板块岩石圈地幔以EMⅠ特征为主 ,华南板块岩石圈地幔以EMⅡ特征为主 ,岩石圈地幔性质的区域性分布与印支期扬子板块深俯冲事件密切相关。虽然中国东部新生代玄武岩因岩石圈大规模减薄表现了亏损特征 ,但残留的富集岩石圈地幔在中国东部新生代玄武岩的Pb同位素中仍有所反映     

Thorium and uranium isotopes in a manganese nodule from the Peru basin determined by alpha spectrometry and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS): Are manganese supply and growth related to climate?

Thorium- and uranium isotopes were measured in a diagenetic manganese nodule from the Peru basin applying alpha- and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Alpha-counting of 62 samples was carried out with a depth resolution of 0.4 mm to gain a high-resolution²³⁰Th_excess profile. In addition, 17 samples were measured with TIMS to obtain precise isotope concentrations and isotope ratios. We got values of 0.06–0.59 ppb (²³⁰Th), 0.43–1.40 ppm (²³²Th), 0.09–0.49 ppb (²³⁴U) and 1.66–8.24 ppm (²³⁸U). The uranium activity ratio in the uppermost samples (1–6 mm) and in two further sections in the nodule at 12.5±1.0 mm and 27.3–33.5 mm comes close to the present ocean water value of 1.144±0.004. In two other sections of the nodule, this ratio is significantly higher, probably reflecting incorporation of diagenetic uranium. The upper 25 mm section of the Mn nodule shows a relatively smooth exponential decrease in the²³⁰Th_excess concentration (TIMS). The slope of the best fit yields a growth rate of 110 mm/Ma up to 24.5 mm depth. The section from 25 to 30.3 mm depth shows constant²³⁰Th_excess concentrations probably due to growth rates even faster than those in the top section of the nodule. From 33 to 50 mm depth, the growth rate is approximately 60 mm/Ma. Two layers in the nodule with distinct laminations (11–15 and 28–33 mm depth) probably formed during the transition from isotopic stage 8 to 7 and in stage 5e, respectively. The Mn/Fe ratio shows higher values during interglacials 5 and 7, and lower ones during glacials 4 and 6. A comparison of our data with data from adjacent sediment cores suggests (a) a variable supply of hydrothermal Mn to sediments and Mn nodules of the Peru basin or (b) suboxic conditions at the water sediment interface during periods with lower Mn/Fe ratios.     

Pb and other ore metals in modern seafloor tectonic environments: Evidence from melt inclusions

Many modern seafloor tectonic environments are host to hydrothermal systems and associated polymetallic sulfide deposits. Metal transport and precipitation are controlled by magmatic processes such as pre-eruptive degassing and the hydrothermal cycle. The original availability of Pb and other ore metals in a given setting is dependent on concentrations in the original magmatic source or additional enrichment processes. We have examined the Pb budget of melt inclusions from nine modern seafloor settings representing back-arcs, mid-ocean ridges and seamounts. Melt inclusions provide information on the characteristics of parental magmas, including insights into metal budgets. Trace element data in melt inclusions hosted in plagioclase, olivine and pyroxene were obtained by laser-ablation inductively-coupled mass-spectrometry.Results from back-arcs emphasize the impact of slab-subduction and dehydration processes on the chemical characteristics of generated magmas. Volatile- and fluid-mobile element-rich melt inclusions at Manus basin and Okinawa trough reflect a robust contribution of elements from the subducting slab as evidenced by relatively low Ce/Pb ratios. At Bransfield strait, on the other hand, melt inclusions are volatile poor, and fluid-mobile element ratios are similar to mid-ocean ridge values indicating little or no contribution from the slab. High Cu concentrations at Manus basin and Okinawa trough can be explained by fluxing of ferric iron from the subducting slab benefiting the production of sulfate over sulfide.Metal budgets for seamounts located on and nearby the axis of mid-ocean ridge segments appear to be independent of any input of mantle plume material. Results from the southern Explorer ridge (strong lower mantle influence, transitional- and enriched-MORBs), Pito and Axial seamounts (moderate lower mantle influence, transitional-MORBs) and a Foundation near-ridge seamount (little to no mantle influence, normal-MORB) show that, despite similar tectonic environments and varying contributions of mantle plume material, Cu, Zn and Pb values do not vary significantly between the enriched and non-enriched magma components of a given setting.     

SHRIMP zircon dating and Nd isotopic systematics of Palaeoproterozoic migmatitic orthogneisses in the Epupa Metamorphic Complex of northwestern Namibia

The Epupa Metamorphic Complex constitutes the southwestern margin of the Congo Craton and is exposed in a hilly to mountainous terrain of northwestern Namibia, bordering the Kunene River and extending into southern Angola. It consists predominantly of granitoid gneisses which are migmatized over large areas. This migmatization locally led to anatexis and produced crustal-melt granites such as the Otjitanda Granite. We have undertaken reconnaissance geochemical studies and single zircon U–Pb SHRIMP and Pb–Pb evaporation dating of rocks of the Epupa Complex. The granitoid gneisses, migmatites and anatectic melts are similar in composition and constitute a suite of metaluminous to peraluminous, calc-alkaline granitoids, predominantly with volcanic arc geochemical signatures. The zircon protolith ages for the orthogneisses range from 1861 ± 3 to 1758 ± 3 Ma. Anatexis in the migmatitic Epupa gneisses was dated from a melt patch at 1762 ± 4 Ma, and the anatectic Otjitanda Granite has a zircon age of 1757 ± 4 Ma. Migmatization and anatexis therefore occurred almost immediately after granitoid emplacement and date a widespread high-temperature Palaeoproterozoic event at ∼1760 Ma which has not been recorded elswhere in northern Namibia. The Nd isotopic systematics of all dated samples are surprisingly similar and suggest formation of the protolith from a source region that probably separated from the depleted mantle about 2.4–2.0 Ga ago. A major Archaean component in the source area is unlikely.     

中天山巴仑台地区变形花岗岩类LA-ICP-MS-U-Pb年代学及其构造意义

本文对巴仑台地区中天山南北边缘的变形花岗岩体进行了详细的锆石LA-ICP-MS-U-Pb年代学研究。中天山北缘花岗质片麻岩中岩浆锆石结晶年龄为630.0±5.0 Ma,代表了中天山微陆基底的新元古代岩浆事件年龄;其变质增生锆石边的年龄为440.9±3.3 Ma,精确限定了中天山北缘洋盆闭合与碰撞造山作用的时代为早志留世。中天山南缘糜棱岩化花岗闪长岩中岩浆锆石结晶年龄为389.5±3.2 Ma,指示出中天山南缘洋壳在中泥盆世向北俯冲形成陆缘岩浆弧;其变质增生锆石边的年龄为362.1±4.3 Ma,精确限定了中天山南缘洋盆闭合与碰撞造山作用的时代为晚泥盆世末期。研究结果还表明中天山微陆块具有年龄为2.5Ga和1.8Ga的古老结晶基底。     

Chronology of late Holocene climatic events in the northern North Atlantic based on AMS 14C dates and tephra markers from the volcano Hekla,Iceland

A combination of AMS¹⁴C dating and tephrochronology has been used to date late Holocene oceanographic events in a 335 cm marine record, covering about 4600 cal. yr with sedimentation rates exceeding 80 cm 1000 yr⁻¹. The core site is located 50 km offshore on the northern Icelandic shelf. Tephra markers from Iceland serve to correlate the marine and terrestrial records. Especially notable is the presence of three geochemically correlated tephra markers from the Icelandic volcano Hekla (Hekla 4, Hekla 3 and Hekla 1104). Benthic and planktonic foraminiferal abundance and distribution as well as the petrography of the sand fraction of the muddy shelf sediments are used as palaeoceanographic proxies. The foraminiferal assemblages reflect a general cooling trend during the last 4600 yr. A marked drop in sea‐surface temperatures is registered at about 3000 cal. yr BP, corresponding to the level of the Hekla 3 tephra. There is faunal indication of temperature amelioration during the Medieval Warm Period and a cooling again during the Little Ice Age. Periods of ice rafting events are indicated by ice rafted debris (IRD) concentrations, e.g. at around 3000 cal. yr BP and during the Little Ice Age. The former event occurred just prior to the deposition of the Hekla 3 tephra marker, the largest Holocene Hekla eruption. A correlation with terrestrial climatic events in Iceland is presented. A standard marine reservoir correction of 400 ¹⁴C yr appears to be reasonable, at least during periods with high influence of water masses from the Irminger Current on the northern Icelandic shelf. An increase to ca. 530 ¹⁴C yr may have occurred, however, when water masses derived from the East Greenland Current were dominant in the area. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

山东省前寒武纪地层形成时代——同位素地质测年的证据

精确同位素地质测年结果表明,沂水岩群形成时代为2 760～2 700Ma,泰山岩群雁翎关岩组、柳杭岩组下亚组和孟家屯岩组形成时代为2 750～2 700Ma,均属新太古代早期;泰山岩群柳杭岩组上亚组、山草峪岩组形成时代为2 600～2 540Ma（被峄山岩套石英闪长岩和傲徕山岩套二长花岗岩侵入）,济宁岩群岩浆锆石年龄（2 561±24）Ma,均属新太古代晚期。荆山群和粉子山群的形成时代为古元古代晚期。芝罘群碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄（1 658±32）Ma、（1 792±43）Ma,形成时代为中元古代。云台岩群花果山组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄800～740Ma,形成时代为新元古代。     

新疆白杨河铍铀矿床萤石Sm-Nd和沥青铀矿U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

白杨河矿床是我国类型独特的一个特大型铍、铀多金属矿床,铍矿物主要确定为羟硅铍石,铀矿物主要发现沥青铀矿和次生的硅钙铀矿以及少量的铌铀矿,伴生矿物主要是萤石。为恢复铀和铍的成矿过程,划分成矿阶段,本次工作通过系统采集钻孔中的萤石样品,进行了Sm-Nd同位素测年研究,获得了三组等时线年龄,分别为291±16Ma、265±33Ma和207±37Ma,代表了成矿前、成矿期和成矿后萤石的形成;采集中心工地、新西工地和九号工地平巷内的沥青铀矿样品,进行了UPb同位素测年研究,获得了~(206)Pb/~(238)U表观年龄237.8±3.3Ma、224±3.1Ma、197.8±2.8Ma、97.8±1.4Ma和30.0±0.4Ma,利用U-Pb表观年龄将铀矿化划分为四个阶段:中三叠世、晚三叠-早侏罗世、晚白垩世和古近纪中期。因此,白杨河矿床具有铍早铀晚的成矿特点,铀成矿经历了四个阶段。     

东天山晚古生代构造转折: 红山南-天木东地区岩浆岩年代学与地球化学的约束

东天山是中亚造山带的重要组成部分, 区内晚古生代岩浆活动与成矿作用强烈, 是理解中亚造山带构造演化与成矿作用的关键地区。然而, 前人对东天山构造带由俯冲向碰撞转变的时间和过程仍存在较大争议。本文对东天山红山南-天木东地区广泛出露的晚古生代岩浆岩开展了野外考察和岩相学鉴定, 进行了年代学和岩石地球化学分析, 以限定其形成时代、岩石成因和构造背景, 进而探讨晚古生代构造演化过程。红山南-天木东地区岩浆岩主要为早石炭世火山岩和侵入岩, 次为早二叠世侵入岩。早石炭世火山岩主要为安山岩(328.8±2.0Ma)和英安岩, 侵入岩主要为辉长闪长岩(328.7±1.8Ma); 早二叠世侵入岩为黑云母二长花岗岩(290.3±2.1Ma)和石英闪长岩(290.0±1.6Ma)。早石炭世岩浆岩富含角闪石和斜长石, 为钙碱性, 准铝质系列, 富Rb、Ba、Th、U和Pb等大离子亲石元素, 亏损Nb、Ta和Ti等高场强元素和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素, 具有岛弧岩浆岩特征, 是交代地幔楔部分熔融的产物。相对于早石炭世岩浆岩, 早二叠世侵入岩富含黑云母和碱性长石, 富集SiO₂、Na₂O和K₂O, 贫Al₂O₃、MgO、Fe₂O₃^T及CaO, 同位素更亏损, 为碰撞后背景下新生加厚地壳部分熔融的产物。总之, 红山南-天木东地区的早石炭世与早二叠世岩浆岩地球化学差异显著, 指示东天山构造背景从早石炭世大洋俯冲体制转变为早二叠世碰撞后造山体制, 即其构造转折时间为晚石炭世-早二叠世。

     

Rb–Sr Dating of Gold‐Bearing Pyrite in the Jinchang Porphyry Cu–Au Deposit,Heilongjiang Province,NE China

The Jinchang Cu–Au deposit in Heilongjiang Province, NE China, is located in the easternmost part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Rb–Sr analyses of auriferous pyrite from the deposit yielded an isochron age of 113.7 ±2.5 Ma, consistent with previously reported Re–Os ages. Both sets of ages represent the timing of Cu–Au mineralization because (i) the pyrite was separated from quartz–sulfide veins of the mineralization stage in granite porphyry; (ii) fluid inclusions have relatively high Rb, Sr, and Os content, allowing precise measurement; (iii) there are no other mineral inclusions or secondary fluids in pyrite to disturb the Rb–Sr or Re–Os decay systems; and (iv) the closure temperatures of the two decay systems are ≥500°C (compared with the homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions of 230–510°C). It is proposed that ore‐forming components were derived from mantle–crust mixing, with ore‐forming fluids being mainly exsolved from magmas with minor amounts of meteoric water. The age of mineralization at Jinchang and in the adjacent regions, combined with the tectonic evolution of the northeast China epicontinental region, indicates that the formation of the Jinchang porphyry Cu–Au deposit was associated with Early Cretaceous subduction of the paleo‐Pacific Plate.