Seasonal change of ice algal and phytoplankton assemblages in the Nella Fjord near Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica

The ice algal and phytoplankton assemblages were studied from Nella Fjord near Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica from April 12 to December 30, 1992. Algal blooms occurred about 3 cm thick on the bottom of sea ice in late April and mid November to early December respectively, and a phytoplankton bloom appeared in the underlying surface water in mid December following the spring ice algal bloom. The biomass in ice bottom was 1 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of surface water. Amphiprora kjellmanii, Berkeleya sp., Navicula glaciei, Nitzschia barkelyi, N. cylindrus /N. curta, N. lecointei and Nitzschia sp. were common in the sea ice temporarily or throughout the study period. The biomass in a certain ice segment was decreased gradually and the dominant species were usually succeeded as the season went on. Nitzschia sublineata and Dactyliosolen antarctica were two seasonal dominant species only observed in underlying water column. The assemblages between bottom of ice and underlying surface water were different except when spring ice algae bloomed. The evidence shows that the ice algal blooms occurred mainly by in situ growth of ice algae, and the phytoplankton bloom was mostly caused by the release of ice algae.     

Post-depositional modification of NO-3 in snow layers at EastAntarctica and at the headwater of ürumqi River

Acidic species, such as Nitrate, in polar snow and firn layers are “reversibly” deposited, and are sufficiently volatile to undergo significant postdepositional exchange between snow/firn and the atmosphere. Through comparison of the snowpit and snowpack nitrate concentrations from central East Antarctica and the headwater of ürumqi River, we conclude that the nitrate peaks in the uppermost surface snow layers in central Antarctica are not related to an atmospheric signal and must account for post-depositional effects. Such effects, however, are not found in the surface snowpack nitrate profiles from the headwater of ürumqi River. Two reasons may account for the post-depositional difference. At first, nitrate in the polar snow and firn layers appears to be hydrated ion, which can be taken up by the atmosphere, while at the headwater of ürumqi River it seems mainly as mineral ion, which assembles the behavior of aerosol-derived species that are “irreversibly” deposited and do not undergo significant post-depositional exchange with the atmosphere. Secondly, the chemical features of the snow and ice on the Antarctica are mainly determined by wet deposition, to the contrary, dry deposition is more significant at the headwater of lUrumqi River than that on the East Antarctic Plateau.     

青藏高原地面加热场与四川主汛期降水及伏旱关系

分析了高原地面加热场强度距平指数与四川盆地伏旱及主汛期降水的联系。结果表明,高原前期加热强度同四川盆汛期降水和伏旱程度密切相关。把这些关系引入汛期降水预测模型对提高短期气候预测能力有一定积极意义。     

利用海洋温度剖面与海表盐度反演盐度剖面方法研究

为解决海洋中大量观测数据只含有温度剖面而缺乏盐度观测的问题, 基于历史观测的温盐剖面资料, 考虑到盐度卫星数据的发展, 采用回归分析方法, 在孟加拉湾建立了盐度与温度、经纬度、表层盐度的关系, 并对不同反演方法的反演结果进行检验评估。结果发现, 在不引入海表盐度(sea surface salinity, SSS)时, 最佳反演模型是温度、温度的二次项与经纬度确定的回归模型, 而SSS的引入则可以进一步优化反演结果。将反演结果与观测结果进行对比, 显示用反演的盐度剖面计算的比容海面高度误差超过2cm, 而引入SSS后的误差低于1.5cm。SSS的引入能够较为真实地反映海洋盐度场的垂直结构和内部变化特征, 既能够捕捉到对上混合层有重要影响的SSS信号, 又能够反映盐度在跃层上的季节内变化以及盐度障碍层的季节变化。水团分析显示, 与气候态相比, 盐度反演结果可以更好地表征海洋上层水团的变化特征。     

Adsorption of Copper, Nickel, and Cadmium on Goethite in the Presence of Organic Ligands

Adsorption of copper, cadmium and nickel at low concentrations on goethite was studied in the presence of the simple organic ligands oxalate, salicylate, and pyromellitate. The experimental metal adsorption behavior was compared to calculations with a surface complexation model to evaluate the most important interactions. Oxalate mostly decreased Cu and Ni adsorption at high pH-values by competition between solution and surface complexation but had no effect on Cd adsorption. Cu adsorption in the presence of oxalate below pH 6 could best be described by defining a ternary complex of type A (surface-metal-ligand). Salicylate had only minor effects on metal adsorption. The adsorption of Cu in the presence of salicylate above pH 5 could be explained by a ternary complex of type A. Pyromellitate increased the adsorption of Cu and Cd in the acidic pH-range, likely by formation of ternary surface complexes of type B (surface-ligand-metal).     

利用探地雷达观测分析早春融雪前后沙丘表层土壤含水量的时空分布

积雪融水是古尔班通古特沙漠春季植物发育的重要水源, 快速获取早春沙丘的土壤水分变化具有十分重要的生态学意义. 2010年3、 4月分别使用探地雷达进行了多次测量实验, 结果显示: 1)融雪初期, 沙丘顶部土壤的自由水含量最大, 阳坡次之, 且融雪水在重力作用下沿坡面侧向缓慢流动, 在坡底汇集, 主导了融雪初期乃至整个春季沙丘表层土壤水分的分布格局; 2)融雪后期, 由于阴坡积雪和冻土消融相对滞后, 表层土壤含水量略高于阳坡, 而沙丘顶部由于融雪最早且融雪期间水分转移最多而表面最为干燥; 3)通过与时域反射仪的同步测量结果对比, 探地雷达的测量精度被有效控制在0.03范围内, 且探地雷达提供的连续数据更有利于从细节上把握土壤含水量的变化趋势, 为中小尺度土壤水分的动态研究提供了一种科学、 有效的技术手段.     

Fe3+纳米胶体颗粒的光吸收边蓝移与溶液中Al/Fe比的关系

合成了n（Al）／n（Fe）和碱化度不同的45个聚合氯化铝铁（PAFC）样品,进行了光谱分析,结果显示光吸收边蓝移或红移以及Fe（Ⅲ）羟基氧化物和Al-Fe共聚体纳米胶体颗粒大小分布与溶液的Al／Fe比和碱化度（B=[OH]／[Al＋Fe]）密切相关。电镜观察和电子衍射分析表明：Al（Ⅲ）的加入使Fe（Ⅲ）羟基氧化物和Al-Fe共聚体纳米胶体颗粒变小、有序度降低是造成PAFE光吸收边蓝移和保持胶体颗粒在亚稳定状态下存在的重要原因。当n（Al）／n（Fe）〉8：2后,PAFC溶液中Fe（Ⅲ）羟基氧化物和Al-Fe共聚体胶体主要以〈10m的纳米颗粒形态存在,对应的光谱能级提高到26000cm^-1以上,且各种曰值下Fe^3＋的光谱能级趋于一致。这表明,在大量Al（Ⅲ）存在条件下,PAFE中Fe3^＋的所处的化学环境相似。点能谱分析显示,n（Al）／n（Fe）=4：6的样品中颗粒物的化学计量比最接近AlOOH,FeOOH,溶液的稳定性最差。     

瑞雷波勘探在地下洞穴探测中的应用

利用瑞雷波勘探方法进行地下洞穴探测，在实际处理过程中，对场地所测得的面波频散曲线进行分类、归纳，并利用动力触探曲线对各种特征曲线所反映的地下洞穴情况进行标定，从而确定整个测区洞穴的空间分布规律。     

利用面波频散反演场地参数的Occam法

将Constable等人1987在解释大地电磁测深资料时提出的Occam反演方法应用到面波频散反演之中，其思路是求满足一定的残差条件下的最光滑的模型。从文中反演的几组数据结果来看，该方法在面波反演中的应用效果是令人满意的。     

基于ANSYS与OpenGL的高速公路结构物仿真建模及三维地层地表修剪方法

现代三维视景建模与仿真技术在高速公路工程选线、施工以及运营管理中具有良好的应用前景。结构物的仿真建模以及能反映施工前后地表形态变化的三维地层模型研究是高速公路信息化中的重要问题。介绍了一种借用ANSYS有限元分析软件提取结构物三维模型表面几何信息的简便方法;结合OpenGL纹理贴图技术,实现了结构物的仿真建模;针对结构物施工后对地表形态改变较大的问题,提出利用结构物表面数据对三维地层模型地表网格进行修剪的方法--地表网格竖直投影修剪法。把上述方法应用到广东省某高速公路高边坡的三维视景仿真建模中,结果表明,边坡的仿真模型较逼真。三维地层模型修剪后的地表形态与真实情况接近,验证了方法的合理性、可靠性。