地震相干体技术简介及其应用

通过对三维数据体各种逻辑关系和物理属性的分析研究,认为地震三维数据体的不连续性主要反映断层和岩性的变化;连续性则主要反映岩性的均一性和地层的连续性。根据这一特点,利用地震相干体技术可在相干切片上直观地反映构造和断层的分布情况。通过方法介绍、程序设计和地震相干体技术应用的两个实例,展示该技术在三维地震资料处理中的应用效果。     

三维地震勘探在山东省黄县煤田梁家煤矿海上煤田的应用

山东省黄县煤田梁家煤矿扩大区位于滩涂区和海水区结合处,该区域无法采用同一种震源和统一的观测系统,为取得更为准确的野外资料,提出了野外工作根据试验结果采用2种震源和微变观测系统;室内处理前进行子波一致性处理;解释工作在SUNULTR60工作站上进行,根据实际情况进行分析解释。最终取得了较为显著的地质效果。     

三维精细构造解释的方法流程和关键技术

详细论述了三维精细构造解释的方法和流程.对层位标定、层位解释、断裂、速度解释及成图每个步骤的方法给以具体论述,重点分析了三维精细构造解释使用的关键技术如可视化技术、相干体技术、变速解释技术和真三维解释技术.本文可为从事三维精细构造解释的人员提供借鉴.     

Mapping rainstorm erosion associated with an individual storm from InSAR coherence loss validated by field evidence for the Atacama Desert

Extreme high-magnitude and low-frequency storm events in arid zones provide the necessary runoff to entrain sediments from source areas and therefore dictate the linkages between hillslopes and channels. Nevertheless, the erosive impact of large storms remains difficult to predict. Most of the uncertainty lies in the lack of topographic change maps associated with single hydro-meteorological events. Consequently, event-based erosion models are poorly constrained and their extrapolation over long time periods remains uncertain. In this study, a 15-month Sentinel-1A coherence time series, optical and field data are used to map the spatial patterns of erosion after the 5-day storm occurred on March 2015, in the Atacama Desert. The coherence change detection (CCD) analysis suggests that temporal loss of coherence is related to variations in soil moisture, while permanent loss of coherence is related to modification of soil texture by erosion and sedimentation. Importantly, permanent loss of coherence is more apparent on gentle rather than steeper slopes, likely reflecting differences in regolith cover and thickness. These findings can contradict the landscape models predicting higher erosion on steeper hillslopes. The CCD technique represents a promising tool for analysing and modelling sediment connectivity in arid areas, giving a clear picture of the relation between sediment sources and sink pathways. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

弱抽运下光学参量过程中压缩真空场的光子统计性质

在理论和实验上研究了光学参量振荡中产生的弱压缩真空场的光子统计行为. 弱压缩真空具有强烈的光子聚束效应,这种比热光场更强的聚束效应在量子光学和量子测量中具有重要的应用. 利用远离阈值的光学参量振荡(optical parametric oscillator, OPO )过程,在实验上产生了该弱压缩真空输出,运转波长在铯原子线附近. 通过Hanbury-Brown-Twiss(HBT)测量了OPO输出光场的二阶关联函数,实验结果与理论分析基本一致.     

雷达相干性与NDVI经验模型

植被的覆盖程度是造成雷达影像失相干的重要因素.通常,在森林等植被覆盖严重的地区,相干性相对较低,而在城市等植被覆盖率较低的地区,相干性较高.本文基于2017年珠江三角洲地区的MODIS归一化植被指数(NDVI)与Sentinel-1雷达卫星影像相干性,建立线性回归和幂函数回归模型,并利用两种模型预测该地区2016年的相...     

地震属性技术在郭局子洼陷沙二段岩性油藏描述中的应用

郭局子洼陷沙二段储层以滩坝砂体和小型扇体为主,分布规律性不强,勘探程度较低.我们采用弧长属性和相干分析技术较为准确地识别并描述了储层分布范围和低序级断层,有效地指导了该区该类储层的勘探.     

Effective Elastic Thickness of Southeast Part of Arctic Ocean—Eurasia Continent—Pacific Ocean Geoscience Transect

The effective lithospheric elastic thickness of the continent is an important parameter for examination of the large-scale structure and analyses of the mechanism of isostatic compensation within the plate, and a parameter standing for the strength of the lithosphere.The Te values along Quanzhou-Heishui,the southeast section of the Arctic Ocean-Eurasian Continent-Pacific Ocean geoscience transect, are estimated by using the coherence technique developed by Forsyth.Studies of the feature of the coher-ence between gravity and topography suggest that at short wavelengths(6.6-100km)for each data box that is used to estimate Te,the plate is strong enough to support topographic loads and gravity and topog-raphy are uncorrelated.At long wavelengths where the plate is deflected by surface and subsurface loads are compensated by the flexure model.Sichuan land-stone with low heat-flow values has high Te values whereas in Ninghua,Datian,land-stone with high heat-flow values has low Te values,which reflects a correlation,low heat-flow values corresponding to high Te values and high heat-flow values corresponding to low Te values.Te values can be divided into two sections:northwest high section and southeast low sec-tion.There is roughly a positive correlation between crustal thickness and effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere.     

TanDEM-X multiparametric data features in sea ice classification over the Baltic sea

In this study, we assess the potential of X-band Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery for automated classification of sea ice over the Baltic Sea. A bistatic SAR scene acquired by the TanDEM-X mission over the Bothnian Bay in March of 2012 was used in the analysis. Backscatter intensity, interferometric coherence magnitude, and interferometric phase have been used as informative features in several classification experiments. Various combinations of classification features were evaluated using Maximum likelihood (ML), Random Forests (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers to achieve the best possible discrimination between open water and several sea ice types (undeformed ice, ridged ice, moderately deformed ice, brash ice, thick level ice, and new ice). Adding interferometric phase and coherence-magnitude to backscatter-intensity resulted in improved overall classification per- formance compared to using only backscatter-intensity. The RF algorithm appeared to be slightly superior to SVM and ML due to higher overall accuracies, however, at the expense of somewhat longer processing time. The best overall accuracy (OA) for three methodologies were achieved using combination of all tested features were 71.56, 72.93, and 72.91％ for ML, RF and SVM classifiers, respectively. Compared to OAs of 62.28, 66.51, and 63.05％ using only backscatter intensity, this indicates strong benefit of SAR interferometry in discriminating different types of sea ice. In contrast to several earlier studies, we were particularly able to successfully discriminate open water and new ice classes.     

利用相干体技术探测煤矿微小构造方法研究

煤矿高产高效安全生产地质保障体系要求探明煤矿微小构造,相干体技术利用计算机分析检测三维地震数据体中相邻道之间地震信号的相似性,比常规解释方法更有利于小断层等小构造的识别;相干技术算法中C3比C1、C2两种相干算法在断层识别和边缘检测上具有更高的水平分辨率和垂直分辨率;相干体技术与地震属性技术、图象处理技术联合使用,形成煤田地震资料解释的新模式,能够更好地解决煤矿生产中遇到的构造、岩性等实际问题,极大提高三维地震成果的使用效率和应用水平;相干体技术在许厂、梁家等煤矿中应用取得了良好效果.