新型矿井多波多分量地震反射波观测系统的设计

针对DTC-150防爆地质超前探测仪在工程应用中存在的几个问题,提出了研制新型矿井多波多分量地震反射波观测系统的必要性.通过对大量工程预测预报资料的分析,结合煤岩有效地震波频率特性等4个关键技术的研究,得出了煤岩有效地震波频率范围和观测系统的有效布设方式,研制了高速、高精度、多通道数据采集及处理系统,给出了掌子面绕射回波形成的探测盲区和巷道声波的处理方法,提出了掌子面绕射回波与直达波不重叠的条件.新型矿井多波多分量地震反射波观测系统的研制成功为矿井提供了更为准确、更长距离的超前预测预报手段,同时也为煤矿安全生产提供了有力的保证.     

地震活动的随机标度和非线性标度律

把地震作为一个复杂系统,研究了地震活动的随机性质．当不考虑震级范围时,全球地震活动、人震的余震和区域震群均有以幂次律为特征的长尾现象．地震的强度由震级确定,具有一特定震级的地震可形成一个地震活动系列,很多这样的地震活动系列就形成具有各种震级的地震的集合．不同地震系列间的统计特征由随机标度来表征,随机标度表明了由地震震级分类的不同地震系列间统计时刻的标度关系．为了统一地方、区域和全球地震活动性的统计特性,引入了非线性标度率．     

Strain segmentation and lateral membrane deformation rate of the subducted Ryukyu slab

Abstract Focal mechanisms of intermediate-depth earthquakes within the subducted Ryukyu slab indicate a systematic pattern of down-dip extension in the northern part under Kyushu. These mechanisms switch rapidly around the Tokara channel to down-dip compression in the southern part toward Taiwan. This intriguing pattern of strain segmentation, together with the differences between the slab geometry of the northern and southern parts, has raised the question of whether stress segmentation, as defined possibly by a tear fault, might exist in the slab. However the Ryukyu trench has a concave oceanward shape in the northern segment while it is convex in the southern oceanward part toward Taiwan. The inflection zone is located around the Tokara channel. The concept of Gaussian curvature of a curved surface suggests that the along-arc variation of the geometric configuration of a subducted slab is related to the shape of the trench. This is in order to accommodate the lateral membrane deformation of the slab as the oceanic lithosphere subducts from a spherical shell to the geometry delineated by the Wadati-Benioff zone. The membrane deformation regime of the subducted Ryukyu slab and its relation with the trench geometry was examined by assuming that the subduction be modelled by the flow field of a thin viscous sheet. A projection operator was utilized to compute the membrane strain-rate tensor of an arbitrary non-Euclidean surface. Numerical experiments indicated that the northern segment of the slab was dominated by lateral compression and down-dip extension and the southern part by lateral extension and down-dip compression. This transition is sharply located near the Tokara channel. These patterns were compatible with what had been observed from studies of focal mechanisms, suggesting that the strain segmentation might be controlled, at least in part, by the lateral membrane deformation within the slab due to the trench shape in this subduction zone. The slab geometry was predicted by minimizing the integrated total dissipation power; this revealed distinct features that were consistent with observations. This implies that the slab geometry may also be affected by the membrane deformation in a systematic fashion.     

Isolation, distribution and evaluation of cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of cultivable actinobacteria from the Oman Sea sediments

Screening bioactive natural products from bacteria is a determinative step in the drug discovery programs. The present study aim to isolate actinobacteria from the Oman Sea sediments for determining the effects of different culture media and treatments on the yield of the isolation process, and measure the DPPH radical scavenging and Artemia cytotoxic activity of culture extracts of the actinobacterial isolates. A total of 290 actinobacterial isolates were collected from 14 sediment samples. Heat treatment(40.68%) and M_4 medium(29.31%) exhibited the maximum isolation rates of actinobacteria. Streptomyces isolates were dominantly distributed in all of the investigated stations according to 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. The distribution pattern of Streptomyces followed a depth-dependent frequency trend, whereas the members of rare genera including Micromonospora, Nocardia Actinoplanes, Nocardiopsis, Saccharopolyspora and Crossiella were distributed in deeper stations. Approximately,25% of the examined isolates could scavenge 90% of 10~(–4) mol/L DPPH solutions at 1 250 μg/mL final concentration of their ethyl acetate culture extracts. Furthermore, the most potent extracts could scavenge DPPH radicals with IC50 ranges from 356.8 to 566.4 μg/mL. Brine shrimp cytotoxicity tests showed that 38.88% of the examined culture extracts exhibited LC_(50) lower than 1 000 μg/mL against the Artemia cells. Moreover, the most potent culture extracts exhibited LC_(50) range from 335.4 to 534.4 μg/mL. Phylogenetic analysis by 16 S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the OS 005, OS 263 and OS 157 closely related to Streptomyces djakartensis, Streptomyces olivaceus and Nocardiopsis dassonvillei respectively. These results suggested the widespread distribution of the antioxidant and cytotoxic producing actinobacteria in the Oman Sea sediments, which could be considered as promising candidates for the discovery of microbial bioactive compounds.     

山东省前寒武纪地层形成时代——同位素地质测年的证据

精确同位素地质测年结果表明,沂水岩群形成时代为2 760～2 700Ma,泰山岩群雁翎关岩组、柳杭岩组下亚组和孟家屯岩组形成时代为2 750～2 700Ma,均属新太古代早期;泰山岩群柳杭岩组上亚组、山草峪岩组形成时代为2 600～2 540Ma（被峄山岩套石英闪长岩和傲徕山岩套二长花岗岩侵入）,济宁岩群岩浆锆石年龄（2 561±24）Ma,均属新太古代晚期。荆山群和粉子山群的形成时代为古元古代晚期。芝罘群碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄（1 658±32）Ma、（1 792±43）Ma,形成时代为中元古代。云台岩群花果山组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄800～740Ma,形成时代为新元古代。     

基于解释量版的渤海油田巨厚砂砾岩定量表征

渤海油田古近系三角洲沉积发育巨厚（大于100 m）的砂岩和砾岩储层,储层横向变化快,内部非均质性强,地震预测难题大。文章针对此类问题,提出一种基于厚度解释量版的砂砾岩定量表征方法。根据已有钻井资料建立井点处地质模型,结合已有地质资料分析储层可能的变化形式,形成地质模型库,对地质模型库进行正演获得相应的正演地震资料库,然后提取正演地震资料的反射振幅属性,建立不同砂砾岩变化形式下的厚度解释量版,最后提取实际地震资料的反射振幅属性,将其投射到厚度解释量版上,实现对巨厚砂砾岩储层的定量表征。该方法克服了常规地震反演、地震属性等方法难以有效刻画巨厚砂砾岩储层的难题,实现了对具有干涉效应的巨厚砂砾岩储层的厚度及其内部变化的精确定量表征。     

分形理论在断裂工程活动性评价中的应用——以鄂西恩施、建始断裂为例

运用分形理论对鄂西恩施、建始断裂的几何分形结构特征进行了研究,并选取有代表性的碎裂岩作了粒径—频度分析,表明其同样具有分形结构,分维值可以定量地反映恩施、建始断裂同为地壳上部浅层构造,几何结构较为简单,构造活动性弱,分别趋于构造衰亡和发育成熟阶段。在这两条断裂附近通过水系的分形统计结果分析,断裂几何分维值的意义与其最后一次活动表现出的水系切错和同步弯曲现象相吻合。分维值可以作为断裂工程活动性评价的一个定量指标。     

首都圈断层活动性研究

本文分析了首都圈47处监测断层活动性的大地形变测点资料,给出了各处断层现今活动情况及速率。研究认为,首都圈现今应力场受华北区域应力场的支配,活动剧烈的断层主要有:沿河城—南口山前断层、八宝山—黄庄—高丽营断层、南口—孙河断层;1987年之后断层活动平均速率上升到0.40mm/年,应力场处于加强过程;应力集中地段在黄庄—高丽营断层北端、沿河城—南口山前断层北端,狼山断层、怀来—涿鹿北缘断层近年活动剧烈,其北端也是应力加强地区;构造运动的活跃与地震活动同步,目前构造运动继续处于活跃状态。上述应力集中地段的地震危险性应予以重视。     

输水隧道地震响应的多物质ALE数值分析

为研究浅埋输水隧道内部流体对隧道地震响应的影响,考虑黏弹性人工边界、土壤的非线性、隧道结构刚度有效率及流-固耦合作用,建立了双线隧道-土体-流体相互耦合作用的力学模型。通过刚度折减试验得到衬砌环环向、径向、轴向刚度,进而引入正交各向异性连续材料作为衬砌材料模型。采用基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉（ALE）描述法的流-固耦合方法,对上海某大直径双线输水隧道在流体作用下的地震响应进行了分析。通过与等效密度法对比,验证耦合模型对于处理输水隧道多物质非线性耦合抗震问题的可行性。计算结果表明,在水平方向地震激励下,无论一致激励或是非一致激励流体对隧道地震变形和内力都有较大影响,但对位移影响较小;对于不同隧道内水量,隧道弯矩均集中于衬砌隧道45°交叉斜线位置;相比于一致激励,非一致激励增强隧道地震位移和变形响应是明显的。     

太阳黑子和ENSO对日本吉野川流域水文要素影响

剖析"太阳-气候-水资源"体系作用机制对区域水资源科学管理具有重要科学意义。利用相关分析、主成分分析和小波分析方法,探究太阳黑子运动和厄尔尼诺（ENSO）对日本吉野川流域降雨、地表径流和地下水位影响。研究结果表明:太阳黑子活动和ENSO对研究区域水文过程显著影响分别发生在11 a和2~7 a周期上;太阳黑子运动能量以ENSO为"媒介"作用于流域降水和河川径流,但对地下水位波动影响不明显;太阳黑子活动在不同时频域对研究区域水文过程产生"直接"和"间接"影响,太阳黑子的"直接"影响可能通过调制ENSO外的气候模态来实现,其"间接"作用则通过"ENSO-西太平洋副高-东亚环流-水汽运动"系统作用实现。