Progress in Earthquake Science and Technology in China: Review and Prospects (Ⅰ)

In the article the author looks back the hard development course and great progress in earth quake science and technology in China during the last near a half of century and expounds the following 3 aspects: (1) The strong desire of the whole society to mitigate seismic disasters and reduce the effect of earthquakes on social-economic live is a great driving force to push forward the development of earthquake science and technology in China; (2) To better ensure people‘ s life and property, sustainable economic development, and social stability is an essential purpose to drive the development of earthquake science and technology in China; and (3) To insist on the dialectical connection of setup of technical system for seismic monitoring with the scientific research of earthquakes and to better handle the relation between crucial task, current scientif ic level, and the feasibility are the important principles to advance the earthquake science and technology in China. Some success and many setbacks in earthquake disaster mitigation consistently enrich our knowledge regarding the complexity of the conditions for earthquake occurrence and the process of earthquake preparation, promote the reconstruction and modernization of technical system for earthquake monitoring, and deepen the scientific research of earthquakes. During the last 5 years, the improvement and modernization of technical system for earthquake monitoring have clearly provided the technical support to study and practice of earthquake prediction and pre caution, give prominence to key problems and broaden the field of scientific research of earth quakes. These have enabled us to get some new recognition of the conditions for earthquake oc currence and process of earthquake preparation, characteristics of seismic disaster, and mecha nism for earthquake generation in China‘s continent. The progress we have made not only en courages us to enhance the effectiveness of earthquake disaster mitigation, but also provides a basis for accelerating further development of earthquake science and technology in China in the new century, especially in the 10th five-year plan. Based on the history reviewed, the author sets forth a general requirement for develop ment of earthquake science and technology in China and brings out 10 aspects to be stressed and strengthened at present and in the future. These are: upgrade and setup of the network of digitized seismic observation; upgrade and setup of the network for observation of seismic pre cursors; setup of the network for observation of strong motion; setup of the laboratories for ex periment on seismic regime; establishment of technical system for seismic information, emer gency command and urgent rescue; research on short-term and imminent earthquake predic tion; research on intermediate- and long-term earthquake prediction; research on attenuation of seismic ground motion, mechanism for seismic disaster, and control on seismic disaster; ba sic research fields related to seismology and geoscience. We expect that these efforts will signifi cantly elevate the level of earthquake science and technology in China to the advanced interna tional level, improve theories, techniques, and methods for earthquake precaution and predic tion, and enhance the effectiveness of earthquake disaster mitigation.     

雅江地块的震兆分析与强震危险性探讨

分析了雅江地块的构造环境、地震活动和震兆异常，探讨2001年雅江6．0级地震、2002年新龙5．3级地震发生后雅江地块的强震趋势。重点对理塘-德巫断裂带，新龙、白玉、德格及贡觉一带地区的异常地震活动图像进行分析，认为该区存在强震填空的潜在危险性。     

中国周边地区强震与中国大陆7级以上地震活动的关系

通过对中国周边地区强震与中国大陆地区强震活动的关系分析，发现中国大陆周边地区活跃时段期间和其后3年是中国大陆地区7级以上地震活动的主要活动时期，周边地区强震活动增强后，中国大陆内部有可能发生7级以上地震，强震活动可能会逐步进入高潮，南北地震带中段未来数年发生7级以上地震的危险性较大．     

西部测图移动应急安全自救保障系统研究

移动应急安全自救保障系统是整个"西部测图工程"安全保障体系建设中的最重要组成部分。本文从"西部测图"移动应急安全自救保障建设实际需求出发,结合当前PDA硬件资源的特点,在分析测区作业特点的基础上探讨了系统建设的整体架构以及系统建设的需求特征,并详细阐述了系统的数据组织结构模型,最后给出了系统的相关功能实现和应用。     

UASMaster在无人机低空航空摄影测量生产中的应用

介绍了UASMaster对低空无人机航摄影像的数据处理,并针对无人机应急保障的快拼影像制作和大比例尺测图数据生产的技术流程进行了探讨。     

基于“一张图”的公共安全应急联动态势图的研究

公共安全应急联动态势图是应对公共安全突发事件的有效保障手段之一。文中提出基于"一张图"的观点,对基于"一张图"的公共安全应急联动态势图的体系架构进行阐述,说明基于"一张图"的公共安全应急联动态势图中,应急联动数据链节点构成和应急联动数据链的功能,介绍"一张图"的输出保障模式。     

新疆地震应急基础数据的处理和建库

介绍了新疆地震应急基础数据库的构成、数据处理和建库及数据库在地震应急指挥技术系统中发挥的作用等。解决了多源数据的处理和整合、多种数据库之间的协同和关联、海量数据的集成等问题。     

Advances in understanding of the mechanism for generation of earthquake thermal precursors detected by satellites

Stresses building up during an earthquake preparation phase also manifest themselves in the form of a so called increased land surface temperature (LST) leading to a thermal precursor prior to the earthquake event. This phenomenon has now been validated by our observations of short-term thermal anomalies detected by infrared satellite sensors for several recent past earthquakes around the world. The rise in infrared radiance temperature was seen to vary between 5 and 12 °C for different earthquakes. We discuss in this paper different explanations for the generation of such anomalies that have been offered. Emission of gases due to the opening and closure of micropores upon induced stresses and also the participation of ground water have been propounded as a possible cause for generation of thermal anomalies. Seismo-ionosphere coupling, by which gases like radon move to the earth–atmosphere interface and cause air ionization thus bringing about a change in air temperature, relative humidity, etc., has been put forth by some workers. A mechanism of low frequency electromagnetic emission was tested and experimented by scientists with rock masses in stressed conditions as those that exist at tectonic locations. The workers proposed the positive hole pair theory, which received support from several scientific groups. Positive holes (sites of electron deficiency) are activated in stressed rocks from pre-existing yet dormant positive hole pairs (PHPs) and their recombination at rock–air interface leads to a LST rise. A combination of remote sensing detection of rock mechanics behavior with a perception of chemistry and geophysics has been applied to propose the remote sensing rock mechanics theory. Remote sensing detections of such anomalies confirm so far proposed lab theories for such a hotly debated field as earthquake precursor study by providing unbiased observations with consistency in time and space distribution.     

一种非公网环境下应急GIS平台消息发送方法

针对非公网环境下的应急GIS平台指挥决策信息传递受限问题,提出了一种不依赖于互联网的消息传递方法。采用ADB+Web Service技术实现内网环境下指挥决策者与一线救援人员间的消息传递,有效地解决了非公网环境下的指挥决策信息传递问题。相较于传统方式,保证了应急平台的灵活性与独立性,降低了平台维护成本,同时由于减少了第三方运营商代理接口的运作环节,从整体上提高了决策指挥者与救援单位间的通信效率,保障了救援工作的及时性与高效性。研究结果对解决应急管理工作中存在的实际问题具有重要的现实意义。     

三维地理信息应急指挥系统设计

基于GIS构建的应急指挥系统在应急救灾工作中作用日益突出,本文在应急指挥系统功能需求分析基础上,采用网格和四叉树索引技术构建了统一地理框架平台的海量基础地理信息与应急资源专题数据库,采用C/S架构、插件式模块化思想设计应急指挥系统的总体框架和功能体系,为应急救灾的灾前预警分析、灾中灾情评估、资源调度等工作提供辅助决策支...