蒙东地区与东北三省区域整合研究

在现有的区域整合理论基础上提出了经济、空间和制度等区域整合的三基点,并针对蒙东地区与东北三省区域整合问题构建了理论框架,在三个基点框架内分析了区域整合的基础条件、制约因素和动力机制,最后提出经济整合、空间整合与制度整合等具有可操作性较强的区域整合模式。     

近300 a来古里雅与长江下游温度变化所受太阳活动、火山活动的影响分析

分析了近300a来古里雅冰芯δ¹⁸O值和长江下游温度变化与太阳活动、火山活动的关系.结果表明,无论在年际尺度,还是在10a尺度上,西昆仑山的古里雅冰芯和中国东部的长江下游地区的温度与以太阳辐照和太阳黑子周期长度为代用指标的太阳活动有良好的相关关系.火山活动对古里雅、合肥冬温和杭州春温有明显的降温作用.1810’s—1830’s时段不仅合肥冬温和杭州春温发生了剧烈的变化,而且处于高亚洲中西部的古里雅冰芯δ¹⁸O值也急剧下降,同时在北半球温度重建曲线上这一时段也是一个冷谷,表明该时段的气候变化可能具有全球性,而强烈的火山活动和微弱的太阳活动可能对温度的快速降低起触发作用。     

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

Software Reviews are in this Article CCS Designer Version 3.0. CoStat Version 3.03; CoPlot Version 1.03, and CoDraw Version 1.03. LASERCAD Version 5.0. 1988. SPSS/PC + Studentware. 1988. SURVEY SYSTEM 1.1C , Version 3.0. THEMAPS Version 1.0.     

地裂缝错动对地铁区间隧道影响的三维离散元分析

拟建西安地铁2号线穿越10条地裂缝,地裂缝活动将影响地铁2号线的安全运营。应用三维离散元程序3DEC建立三维计算模型,分析了裂缝带错动对地铁区间隧道盾构管线的影响,得出了不同错距工况下隧道衬砌的变形和应力。通过计算得知,当土体上下盘底部竖向错距由10cm增大到93cm时,引起的衬砌竖向变形量由0. 712cm增大到13. 99cm,且最大变形均发生在沿纵向约35～36m处,距裂缝带距离约为9. 5～8. 5m;引起的管道纵向最大拉应力则由0. 65MPa增大到18. 43MPa,最大压应力由0. 611MPa增大到16. 9MPa,且最大应力区与最大变形区一致。这一结论的获得可为地铁设计、施工及其安全运营提供科学的理论指导及设计依据。     

高面板坝地震动三维非一致输入的波函数组合法

提出三维问题的波函数组合法求解不规则河谷的散射问题,应用到高面板坝动力有限元计算的地震动输入中,可以满足非一致输入的要求,并回避人工边界对外行波的反射问题。重点介绍三维问题的波函数组合法的理论推导和程序的算例验证,并给出将该方法应用到高面板坝地震动输入的基本步骤。     

The effects of rock fragments on hydrologic and hydraulic responses along a slope

A model describing the three‐dimensional matrix flow along a slope with rock fragments or impermeable blocks was developed. The model was combined with modified Picard's iteration to ensure mass conservation in the unsaturated flow. We found that rock fragments obstruct water flow along the slope. The groundwater table must be raised to provide a sufficient pore water pressure gradient to facilitate water flow, but higher pore water pressure may induce slope failure. We also conducted a bench‐scale laboratory flume experiment to examine the effects of impermeable blocks on downstream seepage flow. In addition, a numerical experiment was conducted to examine how different arrangements of impermeable blocks affect downstream seepage flow and pore water pressure. This research demonstrated that the hydraulic phenomena were affected when impermeable blocks were present, and pore water pressure increased as the position of impermeable blocks was lowered. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical solutions for flow in porous media

A numerical approach is proposed to model the flow in porous media using homogenization theory. The proposed concept involves the analyses of micro‐true flow at pore‐level and macro‐seepage flow at macro‐level. Macro‐seepage and microscopic characteristic flow equations are first derived from the Navier–Stokes equation at low Reynolds number through a two‐scale homogenization method. This homogenization method adopts an asymptotic expansion of velocity and pressure through the micro‐structures of porous media. A slightly compressible condition is introduced to express the characteristic flow through only characteristic velocity. This characteristic flow is then numerically solved using a penalty FEM scheme. Reduced integration technique is introduced for the volumetric term to avoid mesh locking. Finally, the numerical model is examined using two sets of permeability test data on clay and one set of permeability test data on sand. The numerical predictions agree well with the experimental data if constraint water film is considered for clay and two‐dimensional cross‐connection effect is included for sand. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Elastic solutions for stresses in a transversely isotropic half‐space subjected to three‐dimensional buried parabolic rectangular loads

In many areas of engineering practice, applied loads are not uniformly distributed but often concentrated towards the centre of a foundation. Thus, loads are more realistically depicted as distributed as linearly varying or as parabola of revolution. Solutions for stresses in a transversely isotropic half‐space caused by concave and convex parabolic loads that act on a rectangle have not been derived. This work proposes analytical solutions for stresses in a transversely isotropic half‐space, induced by three‐dimensional, buried, linearly varying/uniform/parabolic rectangular loads. Load types include an upwardly and a downwardly linearly varying load, a uniform load, a concave and a convex parabolic load, all distributed over a rectangular area. These solutions are obtained by integrating the point load solutions in a Cartesian co‐ordinate system for a transversely isotropic half‐space. The buried depth, the dimensions of the loaded area, the type and degree of material anisotropy and the loading type for transversely isotropic half‐spaces influence the proposed solutions. An illustrative example is presented to elucidate the effect of the dimensions of the loaded area, the type and degree of rock anisotropy, and the type of loading on the vertical stress in the isotropic/transversely isotropic rocks subjected to a linearly varying/uniform/parabolic rectangular load. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Three‐dimensional finite element analysis of the interaction between tunneling and pile foundations

This paper concerns analysis of the impact of construction of urban tunnels on adjacent pile foundations. It is carried out using an elastoplastic three‐dimensional finite element modelling. Numerical simulations are performed in two stages, which concern, respectively, the application of the pile axial loading and the construction of the tunnel in presence of the pile foundations. Analysis is carried out for both single piles and groups of piles. Results of numerical simulations show that tunneling induces significant internal forces in adjacent piles. The distribution of internal forces depends mainly on the position of the pile tip regarding the tunnel horizontal axis and the distance of the pile axis from the centre of the tunnel. Analysis of the interaction between tunneling and a group of piles reveals a positive group effect with a high reduction of the internal forces in rear piles. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analytical solutions of one‐dimensional infiltration before and after ponding

This paper is a continuation of previous research, which obtained a convenient solution for arbitrary surface fluxes before ponding. By means of Fourier Transformation this has been extended to derive analytical solutions of a linearized Richards' equation for arbitrary input fluxes after surface saturation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.