通辽市洪涝灾害的分析

洪涝灾害（以下简称洪灾）是通辽市地区夏秋季的主要灾害之一。抗旱防洪是我市防灾减灾工作的重要部分,目前对洪灾的客观发生没有人为力量可以控制,但是对洪灾进行防治和减轻工作已深入到水文气象领域。本文根据通辽市地区1880—1995年共116年的旱涝资料,对洪涝灾害的频次、周期规律做一统计分析,旨在为通辽市的水文气象研究提供一些依据。     

人工调控措施对玄武湖水质的影响

对玄武湖实施清淤引水、藻华治理、种群恢复等措施前后的水体数据进行分析,结果表明：清淤引水工程可短时间内降低沉积物中污染物浓度,缓解水体富营养化程度,但从长期效果分析,水体中的营养盐含量并未显著改善.藻华治理能在短期内有效抑制水体中的蓝藻水华,治理后水体各项指标均有提升,水生植物种群得以恢复,是短期改善水体水质的有效方式.在种群恢复阶段与往年相比,水体各项指标均有所改善,持续时间更长,是一种理想的湖泊治理方法.     

Discussion on the complete-form vorticity equation and slantwise vorticity development

The complete form of the vertical vorticity tendency equation (the complete-form vorticity equation) is derived from the Ertel potential vorticity equation to contain thermodynamic factors. In this study, a new complete-form vorticity equation, which has the same form as the original complete-form vorticity equation, is deduced from the absolute vorticity vector equation combined with the continuity equation and the expression of three-dimensional (3D) entropy gradient. By comparing the complete-form vorticity equation with the classical vertical vorticity equation, it is found that regardless of whether or not the isentropic surface is tilting, the two vorticity equations are in essence the same. The “baroclinic term” of the complete-form vorticity equation is exactly equal to the solenoidal term of the classical one, and there is a significant amount of cancellation between the two baroclinic items (the “slantwise term” and the horizontal vorticity change term) in the complete-form vorticity equation. In operational weather analysis, the tilt of the isentropic surface can be diagnosed according to the density of the isotherm on the upper-level isobaric map. For synoptic-scale motion, the vertical vorticity produced by the tilt of the isentropic surface is due to the contribution of atmospheric baroclinicity, which is measured by the solenoid. The 3D solenoid is parallel to the isentropic surface, so the more tilted the isentropic surface, the bigger the projection of the 3D solenoid in the vertical direction. The baroclinic contribution can be interpreted based on the PV thinking theory, but the relationship between the vorticity field and the potential vorticity field is not immediate.     

Influence of Sea Surface Temperature on the Predictability of Idealized Tropical Cyclone Intensity

The role of sea surface temperature (SST) forcing in the development and predictability of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity is examined using a large set of idealized numerical experiments in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The results indicate that the onset time of rapid intensification of TC gradually decreases, and the peak intensity of TC gradually increases, with the increased magnitude of SST. The predictability limits of the maximum 10 m wind speed (MWS) and minimum sea level pressure (MSLP) are ~72 and ~84 hours, respectively. Comparisons of the analyses of variance for different simulation time confirm that the MWS and MSLP have strong signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) from 0-72 hours and a marked decrease beyond 72 hours. For the horizontal and vertical structures of wind speed, noticeable decreases in the magnitude of SNR can be seen as the simulation time increases, similar to that of the SLP or perturbation pressure. These results indicate that the SST as an external forcing signal plays an important role in TC intensity for up to 72 hours, and it is significantly weakened if the simulation time exceeds the predictability limits of TC intensity.     

欺骗攻击下一类神经网络的自适应事件触发H∞滤波

本文主要研究了在欺骗攻击下的离散时间神经网络的H_∞滤波器设计问题.考虑到被控系统和滤波器在一个易受外部网络攻击且带宽有限的共享通信网络上进行信息交换,本文提出了自适应事件触发机制来减轻数据传输的通信负担.此外,由于通信网络的开放性和互通互联,通过共享通信网络传输到滤波器的实际输入信息可能会被攻击者注入的虚假信息所改变.在此基础上,利用构造Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函、线性矩阵不等式等处理技术,本文给出了滤波误差系统渐近稳定的充分条件,并且设计了满足预设性能的H_∞滤波器,最后通过一个仿真实例验证了所提方法的有效性.     

环境蠕变问题

对由于人类活动而引起的低幅度的、渐增的、累积的和长时期的生物圈变化———环境蠕变的研究将有助于政府避免为应对将来生态危机所要付出的高昂代价。1992年6月召开的地球峰会,意味着对于环境的变化全球开始采取行动。如果各国政府希望社会可持续性发展,那么环境蠕变问题是必须面对的挑战。     

一种评估人工增雨量对水资源量贡献的计算方法

将辽宁作为一个闭合区域，从水资源平衡的角度出发，分析了1991～2004年辽宁的水资源状况及降水量与水资源总量之间的相互关系，在此基础上建立了一种评估人工增雨量对水资源量贡献的计算方法。     

一次下击暴流风暴的成因和结构特征分析

2017年7月28日四川省东北部出现了一次罕见的湿下击暴流大风天气过程。本文利用地面自动站、雷达、卫星等观测资料以及FNL数据、视频资料,对下击暴流风暴的成因和结构特征进行研究分析。研究表明:此过程发生前,对流层中低层的环境温度及其直减率均达到同期历史极端值,有利于雷暴大风类型中尺度对流风暴的形成;此次下击暴流,主要由阵风锋与地面中尺度辐合线相交后触发,阵风锋水平涡度不断输入对流系统内,产生正的相对风暴螺旋度,利于对流风暴持续发展到较高高度,为下击暴流的产生提供条件;下击暴流发生前的对流风暴,在视频截图和反射率因子剖面图上均表现为悬垂倾斜结构,倾斜方向与对流层中层平均风向较一致;对流风暴中层的气旋性涡旋结构特征可作为下击暴流的预警指标之一。     

714SD雷达对周围环境的影响

简述714SD雷达发射机的工作原理,电磁波在空中传播的指向规则,超剂量电磁辐射对人体各器官产生的危害,雷达发射电磁波的平均功率对人体的影响程度与国家环保局所规定的卫生标准值的差距,以及雷达发射电磁波的峰值功率对电子仪器设备的干扰情况.     

气候科学中的几个重要问题

2007年诺贝尔和平奖被授予政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）和美国前副总统戈尔。全球变暖已被公认为是危及人类生存的事实,然而,人类关于全球变暖的认识建立在过去百年全球升温率的基础上,而这一结果的不确定性超过了50％。因此,科学界需要进一步澄清,以便人们理解产生地球系统正反馈的一些主要机制。