经济强村兼并弱村的实施与模式探讨——以文登市金岭山庄为例

在二元土地所有制下,中国城市市区的建设用地、农村和城市郊区依法征收后新增的建设用地,属于国家所有;城市市区以外以及法律规定由国家所有土地以外的农民宅基地和其他建设用地,属于农民集体所有。文登市金岭山庄被位于城区的经济强村西楼兼并后,土地资源得以高效利用,加速了城市化进程,成为城乡统筹发展的典范。     

森林地下碳分配(TBCA)研究进展

森林地下碳分配(TBCA)是森林碳循环的重要通量,对森林碳吸存有十分重要作用.TBCA是森林生态系统GPP中一个最大的汇,可占GPP的21%～61%,土壤呼吸的2/3来自TBCA.目前国际上常用的TBCA测定方法为碳平衡法,在假定地下碳库处于稳定状态时,TB-CA可由土壤呼吸减去凋落物量获得,但该方法存在一系列问题.影响森林TBCA的因素有生产力、森林类型、树龄和森林演替阶段、土壤养分和水分有效性、林分密度和树种组成、气候变化因素等.TBCA中各个组成部分均较难以测定和量化,通常假定TBCA中根系呼吸与根系生产力各约占50%,而TBCA中菌根菌和根系分泌物的贡献则仍不清楚.有关TBCA各组分去向及影响机理的研究亦很少.TBCA未来的研究应致力于揭示TBCA的根本驱动因子和其对全球变化的响应机理,以及TBCA转化为土壤新碳的效率及控制因素;同时应提高TBCA测定方法的确定性,特别是应将碳同位素法、微根管法及碳平衡法三者相结合.     

次区域合作及其发展的成因——一个跨学科视角的分析

次区域合作诞生于20世纪80年代末、90年代初,但从一开始起对"次区域"及"次区域合作"的理解就存在许多不同的见解。同时由于次区域合作涉及边境地区,合作的领域又极其广泛,对次区域合作产生的成因没有定论。本文对"次区域"及"次区域合作"的定义重新做了界定,对次区域合作的分类及其相互影响、特征等作了阐述,并且从经济学、国际关系学、国际贸易学和地缘政治学等不同学科角度对次区域合作发展的成因进行了理论解释,以期促使我国更好的参与周边次区域合作。     

An analysis of the radar backscatter from oil-covered sea surfaces using moment method and Monte-Carlo simulation: preliminary results

An analysis of the radar backscattering from the ocean surface covered by oil spill is presented using a microwave scattering model and Monte-Carlo simulation. In the analysis, a one-dimensional rough sea surface is numerically generated with an ocean waveheight spectrum for a given wind velocity. A two-layered medium is then generated by adding a thin oil layer on the simulated rough sea surface. The electric fields backscattered from the sea surface with two-layered medium are computed with the method of moments (MoM), and the backscattering coefficients are statistically obtained with N independent samples for each oil-spilled surface using the Monte-Carlo technique for various conditions of surface roughness, oil-layer thickness, frequency, polarization and incidence angle. The numerical simulation results are compared with theoretical models for clean sea surfaces and SAR images of an oil-spilled sea surface caused by the Hebei (Hebei province, China) Spirit oil tanker in 2007. Further, conditions for better oil spill extraction are sought by the numerical simulation on the effects of wind speed and oil-layer thickness at different incidence angles on the backscattering coefficients.     

Exploring the Scale Effects of Trade-offs and Synergies of Multifunctional Cultivated Land—Evidence from Wuhan Metropolitan Area

The purpose of this paper is to explore the trade-offs and synergies of multifunctional cultivated land (MCL) at multiple scales. The study area is Wuhan Metropolitan Area, China. The entropy method and the method of Spearman's rank correlation were employed for the analysis of combined land use/cover data, administrative division data, population data and statistical yearbook data, from the multi-scale perspectives of cities, counties and townships. The results showed that: (1) The multi-functionality of cultivated land had obvious spatial differences and its overall spatial patterns were relatively robust, which did not change very much at the single scale. (2) At each single scale, the MCL's trade-offs and synergies had spatial heterogeneity. (3) Scale effects existed in the MCL's trade-offs and synergies. From the prefecture-level city scale, to the county scale, and to the township scale, the MCL's trade-offs were changed to synergies, and some synergic relationships were enhanced. This article contributes to the literature by deepening the multiscale analysis of trade-offs and synergies of multifunctional cultivated land. The conclusions might provide a basis for helping policy-makers to implement protection measures for the multi-functionality of cultivated land at the right spatial scale, and to promote the higher-level synergies of multifunctional cultivated land to realize its sustainable use.     

矿田构造变形岩相分类与应用效果

矿田相当于Ⅴ级成矿区带的地质找矿勘查对象,需要研究"构造与建造共生"的地质现象,建立相应的概念和野外观测方法,有别于"沉积构造岩相"、"岩浆岩相"、"变质岩相"、"大地构造相"、"构造岩相"、"构造相"等理论观点。在长期矿田构造和深部外围找矿实践基础上,研究提出"构造变形岩相"的地质概念。构造变形岩相被理解为"显示构造变形的那部分岩相",是喻示受构造影响的那部分(沉积、岩浆和变质地质作用的)岩相,是包含构造变形及建造特征的地质实体,或构造建造形迹。构造变形岩相,是岩石形变和相变密切共生的地质体,既能反映成岩地质环境又包含成岩物理化学条件,是一种适用于开展"构造结合建造"观测和分析的构造岩石单元。依据地质作用类型,划分了4种矿田构造变形岩相：沉积构造变形岩相、岩浆构造变形岩相、变质构造变形岩相和复成构造变形岩相。根据地质亚相,划分了矿田尺度的27类构造变形岩相。建立矿田构造变形岩相的观测和分析方法,不仅推动了构造结合建造的地质调查和研究,而且为矿田构造向矿田地质学的发展奠定了基础。构造变形岩相研究,用1：1000~1：50000不同精度,可以调查几十至几百平方千米范围的地质找矿问题,直接服务于已知矿床的深部外围找矿。地表结合中段大比例尺填图,三维刻画矿化岩相带的分布特征,成为圈定靶区的最佳途径。在"就矿找矿"的基础上,探讨了中距离找矿的预测方向——构造变形岩相界面成矿带。     

汶川震区狭陡型泥石流典型特征与防治

汶川MS 8.0强震发生6年来,震区暴发了数量众多、类型多样的泥石流灾害,其中一类可总结为"狭陡型泥石流",其特征指标及防治对策与震前常规泥石流存在显著差异,给灾后重建和灾害防治技术提出了新的命题。在对(极)重灾区泥石流活跃的五大片区(汶川、都江堰、绵竹、北川、安县)进行大量现场调查和资料分析的基础上,提出了强震区狭陡型泥石流的概念并给出定义,提炼了其在形成、活动及危害等方面的典型特征;通过工程实践,分析了其独特的治理难点及相应的防治对策,介绍了几项极具适应性和有效性的防治新技术,可为强震扰动区泥石流治理研究和工程设计提供一类新的思路和借鉴。     

山东省前寒武纪地层形成时代——同位素地质测年的证据

精确同位素地质测年结果表明,沂水岩群形成时代为2 760～2 700Ma,泰山岩群雁翎关岩组、柳杭岩组下亚组和孟家屯岩组形成时代为2 750～2 700Ma,均属新太古代早期;泰山岩群柳杭岩组上亚组、山草峪岩组形成时代为2 600～2 540Ma（被峄山岩套石英闪长岩和傲徕山岩套二长花岗岩侵入）,济宁岩群岩浆锆石年龄（2 561±24）Ma,均属新太古代晚期。荆山群和粉子山群的形成时代为古元古代晚期。芝罘群碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄（1 658±32）Ma、（1 792±43）Ma,形成时代为中元古代。云台岩群花果山组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄800～740Ma,形成时代为新元古代。     

GFC-120型自走式反循环钻机的研制

GFC-120型钻机为自走式动力头回转反循环钻机，用于降水井和护坡桩基础孔以及小型水井的施工。介绍了其性能特点、主要技术参数、结构及工作原理。