THE APPLICATION OF IMAGE-BASED MODELING IN PALEOEARTHQUAKE TRENCH STUDY

The geological structure exposed by paleoearthquake trenches is the key material to the right cognition of fault activity and paleoearthquake. However, paleoearthquake trenching inevitably destroys active tectonic geomorphic evidence and trench exposures are usually difficult to reserve. The conventional process of recording the delicate geological information, manually constructing photomosaics by image-editing software, is time-consuming and produces undesirable artificial distortions. Herein, we explored the process of constructing trench orthophotomosaics and the 3D image model using the Image-based Modeling technology and applied it to the Liutiaohe trench across the Tianqiaogou-Huangyangchuan Fault, Gansu Province. Based on the 3D image modeling and orthophotomosaic, we firstly constructed the control points and scale bars on cleaned trench walls and collected photos of all sections of the trench with a digital camera in the field, and then reconstructed the 3D model of the trench through the Agisoft PhotoScan, an efficient image-based modeling software, and finally yielded the 3D image model of the trench and othophotomasaics of the trench exposures. The results show that the automated workflow can produce seamless, sub-millimeter-level high-resolution photomosaics more quickly, with precision in the centimeter range, and the 3D image model is of great help to identify strata and geological structures in trenches with much lower capital and labor costs and low expertise levels compared with LiDAR, meanwhile, the 3D archive benefits the share and communication and even allows future reinterpreting the site using new insights.     

山东寿光北部地区土壤盐渍化特征与现状评价

为了解山东寿光北部地区土壤盐碱化现状及为工程建设、生态环境改良提供基础资料,通过野外采样和室内试验,分析了土壤盐碱化分布特征和类型,识别出盐分的主要形态.结果表明,研究区土壤含盐量总体不高,局部地段处于轻度至中度盐渍化程度;盐分含量北高南低,近似平行于海岸分布;土壤中阳离子以Na+为主,阴离子主要为Cl-和SO42-,盐分类型为氯盐渍土、亚氯盐渍土和亚硫酸盐渍土三类.     

包头市昆都仑水库增雨燃烧炉首次作业的效果分析

通过2009年5月27日包头市昆都仑水库地面增雨燃烧炉作业实况和多普勒天气雷达速度、713天气雷达回波及区域地面自动雨量站资料的对比分析,发现在深厚的层状云系中,适时进行地面燃烧炉增雨作业,可增强区域降水量,提高增雨作业能力。分析结果为指导包头地区地面燃烧炉布点和增雨作业提供了科学依据。     

流动VLBI天线系统噪声温度及天线效率测量

我国自行研制的第一套流动VLBI系统——DCW—01型流动VLBI测量仪，目前已在国家重大科学工程“中国地壳运动观测网络”中投入使用。在流动VLBI的观测试验中，天线系统噪声温度和天线效率是观测前系统调试和检测的两项重要内容。天线系统噪声温度是衡量流动VLBI观测系统内部噪声程度的特性指标；天线效率反映了天线系统对到达天线能量的刊用率，在很多计算公式中是一个很重要的参数。因此，精确地测量它们的值是进行相关处理和计算的前提。文中结合我国流动VLBI观测站的研制与建设，介绍了流动VLBI测量仪的天线及接收机系统，并详细阐述了其天线系统噪声温度和天线效率的测量。     

季节偏差纠正下的遥感AOD产品降尺度BGIM算法

MODIS 3 km DT (Dark Target)卫星气溶胶光学厚度AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth)数据产品已广泛应用于大气污染监测,但受反演方法限制,该数据产品像元缺失严重、时空覆盖度低、精度偏低。相比,MODIS 10 km DT＿DB＿Combined AOD数据产品因融合DT和DB (Deep Blue)两种反演算法,一定程度上可弥补MODIS 3 km DT AOD数据产品在时空覆盖度与精度方面的缺陷,但分辨率偏低。此外,受气溶胶组分来源的季节变化与地表反射率估算的季节性误差影响,MODIS AOD数据产品精度同时也存在季节性特征。本文由此以京津冀为试验区,顾及AOD季节变化特性,开展MODIS 10 km DT＿DB＿Combined AOD数据产品偏差纠正下的地统计反演模拟BGIM(Bias-corrected Geostatistical Inverse Model)降尺度算法研究。试验同时引入AERONET地基观测数据和MODIS3 km DT AOD数据产品作为降尺度结果的绝对与相对验证标准。结果表明：季节偏差系数纠正下生成的MODIS3 ...     

深圳市景亿山庄滑坡特征及成因分析

根据现场工程地质调查和勘察,论文深入分析了景亿山庄滑坡的变形特征、性质、变形机制,并探讨了滑坡的成因。指出在具有剥蚀残丘地貌特征的场地开挖以砂岩残积物为主要组成物质的边坡时,边坡高陡是造成边坡变形破坏的主要因素。长时间的持续降雨是诱发因素。对于陡倾原生节理裂隙发育的土质和类土质边坡,滑坡周界受边坡体内原生节理裂隙控制,滑坡后缘常沿该陡倾的节理裂隙发育。在深圳等降雨量大的亚热带气候区,若坡体内没有不利于边坡稳定的各种结构面,当边坡开挖高度不超过20m,总体坡率不陡于1∶1时,边坡能够保持短期稳定。但长期稳定性受当地降雨量和降雨强度的控制,开挖后若不采取适当的加固措施,易发生滑坡等浅层病害。其病害从孕育到发生可持续长达10a之久。通过论文的研究,可供在类似地区开挖边坡、整治边坡病害借鉴。     

中国九龙江河口营养盐基准值研究

One of the key concerns in estuarine and coastal environments is eutrophication, which is known to be closely connected to nutrient enrichment. To control and improve surface water quality, nutrient criteria are recommended in order to provide reference conditions for the environment. However, the current datasets of nutrient criteria in China are either designed for surface water or sea water, and as such these are not suitable for assessing estuarine water quality, especially given the unique ecosystem and dynamic properties of estuaries. To address this issue in current estuarine water management, nutrient criteria have been developed for a local estuary in the southeast of China. Segmentation of the Jiulong River Estuary, China was firstly analysed through field investigations carried out during 2013–2014, which resulted in the delineation of three segments characterized by their distinct properties in relation to salinity, hydrology, ecosystems, etc. Historical records from 1997 to 2014 were then analysed using statistical modelling to develop candidate nutrient criteria for the estuary.This stage of the analysis was undertaken in combination with the study of nutrient status records from the 1980s,which were used to establish a baseline reference condition. The recommended criteria values of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) in Segments Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ of the Jiulong River Estuary are 64, 21 and 14 μmol/L,respectively, and the corresponding values for soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP) are 0.89, 0.76 and 0.89 μmol/L,respectively. It should be emphasised that these values are site-dependent, and that different results may be achieved at other locations depending on the physical and biogeochemical characteristics of an estuary, or even a single site within a catchment. It is hoped that by demonstrating a possible methodological approach and methods of nutrient criteria derivation in the Jiulong River Estuary, the current study will offer researchers some fundamental basis from which to begin to develop more complete nutrient criteria indices for the study of nutrient conditions in other estuaries throughout China.     

三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)CYP2基因的cDNA克隆及表达分析

通过RT-PCR及Smart?TM Race技术,首次克隆了三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)CYP2基因cDNA全长序列。该基因cDNA全长1662bp,编码一个由492个氨基酸组成的多肽,预测理论等电点为6.348,分子量大小为56.68kD。氨基酸序列中含有CYP基因家族所特有的K螺旋保守序列(ExxR)和血红素结合区(FxxGxxxCxG)。经氨基酸序列比对及系统进化树分析发现,与岸蟹(Carcinus maenas)的同源性最高,达到75%。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,CYP2基因在肝胰腺、鳃、肌肉、血淋巴、心脏和眼柄中均有分布,在肝胰腺中表达量最高。肌肉注射磺胺嘧啶后,三疣梭子蟹高、中、低三剂量组CYP2基因表达较对照组都有上调,并具有时间差异性,低剂量组表达量逐渐降低,趋于对照组,中剂量组和高剂量组表达量先升高后降低,6h后同一时间点,均是高剂量组表达最高,低剂量组最低。表明磺胺嘧啶可诱导三疣梭子蟹CYP2基因,CYP2基因可能参与三疣梭子蟹的药物代谢反应。     

山东省前寒武纪地层形成时代——同位素地质测年的证据

精确同位素地质测年结果表明,沂水岩群形成时代为2 760～2 700Ma,泰山岩群雁翎关岩组、柳杭岩组下亚组和孟家屯岩组形成时代为2 750～2 700Ma,均属新太古代早期;泰山岩群柳杭岩组上亚组、山草峪岩组形成时代为2 600～2 540Ma（被峄山岩套石英闪长岩和傲徕山岩套二长花岗岩侵入）,济宁岩群岩浆锆石年龄（2 561±24）Ma,均属新太古代晚期。荆山群和粉子山群的形成时代为古元古代晚期。芝罘群碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄（1 658±32）Ma、（1 792±43）Ma,形成时代为中元古代。云台岩群花果山组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄800～740Ma,形成时代为新元古代。