考虑钙质砂细观颗粒形状影响的液体拖曳力系数试验

钙质砂作为南海岛礁填筑常用的岩土材料,其渗透性很大程度上决定着填筑后土体的固结和沉降。拖曳力系数是表达流体对土体颗粒表面力的参数,也是表征颗粒状土体渗透能力的一个重要参数,目前国内外对钙质砂拖曳力系数的研究十分有限。首先引入一个修正的三维参数 对钙质砂这种天然非规则颗粒材料的形状进行定量描述,然后开展一系列单个钙质砂颗粒在液体中沉降试验,利用高速相机记录颗粒沉降过程,结合图像处理技术获得颗粒沉降平衡速度Ut,进而计算出拖曳力系数CD和雷诺数Re,最后拟合出包含CD、Re及 三个参数的钙质砂拖曳力系数半经验模型。结果发现,在相同雷诺数条件下钙质砂的形状系数 越大,拖曳力系数越小。通过与其他研究结果对比发现,其表面微孔隙越发育,拖曳力系数越小的规律。该模型能够考虑不规则颗粒形状对拖曳力系数的影响,从而提高对土体渗透性预测的精度,对南海岛礁填筑工程中钙质砂固结和沉降的计算也具有重要意义。     

油气储层自生伊利石分离提纯及其K-Ar 同位素测年技术研究

油气注入史研究对于指导油气勘探具有非常重要的意义.油气储层自生伊利石K-Ar同位素测年可以为油气注入时间研究提供科学依据.文中对油气储层自生伊利石分离提纯及其K-Ar同位素测年技术进行了系统介绍.碎屑含钾矿物杂质对自生伊利石K-Ar同位素年龄具有非常大的影响,文中对此进行了深入研究,建立了一套完整的数据处理技术并提出了"校正年龄"概念.     

基于Landsat5-TM遥感影像植被监测方法研究

针对Landsat5-TM遥感影像植被监测方法进行了研究,采用了变化向量分析方法,通过分析采用绿度指数GVI和垂直植被指数PVI来进行植被检测,并通过最大类间方差进行阈值的选取,采用Landsat5-TM遥感影像数据进行了试验,通过变化检测分类图和变化类别图斑统计的方法对结果进行了评价,变化检测分类精度较高。     

基于iPhone的WebGIS应用系统的研究与实现

在分析iPhone特性的基础上,结合工程实践,对面向iPhone基于WebGIS应用系统的实现进行研究,主要是对功能设计及布局、Ajax、canvas绘图等一系列关键技术进行研究并形成相关的应用技术和解决方案。该系统满足了大众对于在iPhone上实现WebGIS应用系统的需求,同时,该系统的实现对面向iPhone的Web应用有一定的借鉴作用。     

Directed movements in probabilistic time geography

This article studies probabilistic time geography for space–time prisms, that is, for situations where observers know the location of an agent at one time and then again at another time. In the intervening period, the agent would have moved freely, according to its time budget. The article demonstrates that the probability of finding the agent somewhere in the space–time prism is not equally distributed, so any attempt of a quantitative time geographic analysis must consider the actual probability distribution. This article develops, implements, and demonstrates this distribution. A preceding article introduced probabilistic time geography for space–time cones. With cones and prisms, the elementary space–time volumes of time geography are provided.     

Bender Elements在测试土样剪切波速中的应用

本文以作者在香港理工大学土木与结构工程系设计制作的一套BenderElements为例,介绍了BenderElements的原理、发展历史、应用范围、使用方法和注意事项等。BenderElements是由压电陶瓷材料制成的,在拉伸、压缩作用下,会产生正、负电荷,反过来,给它施加正、负电荷后,它又可产生弯曲振动,正是利用它的这一特性,将其作成接收和发射装置,来测试土样的剪切波速Vs。BenderElements在安装使用时,防水和静电屏蔽十分关键。Vs可在场地地震反应、液化判别、动力基础设计、检测地基改良效果等方面获得应用。震相识别的原则是接收信号的第一个峰值为到时。     

基于PSR模型的地质遗迹景观脆弱性评价——以永福县为例

地质遗迹景观脆弱性是地质遗迹景观系统对人类活动和自然条件变化反映的重要指标,是评价地质遗迹景观可持续利用的重要指标。文章以永福县典型地质遗迹景观为例,运用地质遗迹景观脆弱性影响因素压力-状态-响应（PSR）模型,从压力、状态、响应3个层面选取17个评价指标,构建地质遗迹景观脆弱性评价指标体系,采用层次分析法（AHP）确定各项指标权重,并运用德尔菲专家咨询法建立5级地质遗迹景观脆弱性划分标准,最后通过综合评分法对永福县地质遗迹景观脆弱性进行评价。结果表明:永福县地质遗迹景观顶子山、小山峡评价值为16.797 0、19.142 1,属微度脆弱;福禄泉、石占溪瀑布评价值为 39.162 8、39.777 5,属低度脆弱;拉孝江、百寿河、板峡湖评价值为 58.546 5、52.330 5、 52.520 9,属中度脆弱;百寿岩、新村屯洞、永福岩评价值为 65.743 0、64.089 3、72.939 5,属高度脆弱,这与实地调查结果相吻合,反映出永福县地质遗迹现状,由此说明PSR模型评价地质遗迹景观脆弱性具有实用性。      

Occurrence of brackish water phytoplankton species at a closed coral reef in Nansha Islands, South China Sea

The phytoplankton assemblage of Zhubi Reef, a closed coral reef in Nansha Islands (South China Sea, SCS) was studied in June 2007. A total of 92 species belonging to 53 genera and four phyla have been identified. The dominant taxa in the lagoon were the diatom Chaetoceros and cyanobacteria Nostoc and Microcystis, while in reef flats were cyanobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum, dinoflagellates Gymnodinium and Prorocentrum. The species richness and diversity were consistently lower in the lagoon than in reef flats. Classification and nMDS ordination also revealed significant dissimilarity in phytoplankton community structure between the reef flat and lagoon, with statistical difference in species composition and abundance between them (ANOSIM, p = 0.025). Nutrient concentrations also spatially varied, with ammonium-enrichment in the lagoon, while high Si-concentration existed in reef flat areas. Both nutrient levels and currents in SCS may play important roles in determining the composition and distribution of microalgae in Zhubi Reef and SCS.     

Discovery of Pyrrhotite-Chalcopyrite-Bearing Amphibole Megacrysts in Tongling Area, Anhui Province

Some pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite-bearing amphibole megacrysts (including pyroxene megacrysts) were discovered in Mesozoic augite diorite-porphyrite at Caoshan in Tongling area, Anhui Province. The amphibole megacrysts, belonging mainly to pargasite and magnesiohastingsite, are characteristic of the amphibole composition derived from mantle and crystallized in lower crust. In general, the aggregates of pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite take the shapes of cylinder and sphere. Three occurrences have been recognized in the amphibole megacrysts: parallel linear, bunchy and scattered. The unique cylinder-like shape of the aggregates and remarkable Ni-poor sulfides in Caoshan are distinctively different from the spherical Ni-rich sulfides in pyroxene megacrysts and any other kinds of megacrysts. In terms of composition, the amphibole megacrysts and their sulfides in Caoshan are similar to those in the pyroxenite xenoliths in Qilin, Guangdong Province. In terms of origin, the pyrrhotite-chalcopyrites as exsolution products resulted from the subsolidus re-equilibration of sulfide solid solution within amphibole megacrysts.amphibole megacrysts were first discovered inside and outside China. This discovery is important for the study of regional magma evolution and its associated mineralizations and ore sources as well.