利用重力多尺度分解资料反演青藏高原东北缘地壳厚度

通过重力异常分解模型,选用小波基函数“bior3.7”,分解得出青藏高原东北缘布格重力异常资料的小波4阶近似成分,利用其主要由莫霍面产生的布格重力异常,以6条人工地震剖面信息做初始控制条件,反演得出青藏高原东北缘的地壳厚度。     

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of FSHβ Gene Associated with Reproductive Traits in Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Follicle stimulating hormone β (FSHβ) of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) plays a key role in the regulation of gonadal development.This study aimed to investigate molecular genetic characteristics of the FSHβ gene and elucidate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of FSHβ on reproductive traits in Japanese flounder.We used polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and sequencing of the FSHβ gene in 60 individuals.We identified only an SNP (T/C) in the coding region of exon3 of FSHβ.The SNP (T/C) did not lead to amino acid changes at the position 340 bp of FSHβ gene.Statistical analysis showed that the SNP was significantly associated with testosterone (T) level and gonadosomatic index (GSI) (P0.05).Individuals with genotype TC of the SNP had significantly higher serum T levels and GSI (P0.05) than that of genotype CC.Therefore, FSHβ gene could be a useful molecular marker in selection for prominent reproductive trait in Japanese Flounder.     

Soil erosion changes over the past five decades in the red soil region of Southern China

This paper reports the dynamic changes of soil and water loss in the red soil region of Southern China since the 1950s. The red soil region covers eight provinces: Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong and Hainan. From the 1950s to 1986, the annual rate of soil erosion increased by 3.4%. From 1986 to 1996 and from 1996 to 2000, the annual rates of soil erosion decreased by 2.0% and 0.32%, respectively. Field surveys showed that from 2000 to 2005, the area of soil and water loss decreased annually by 1.2%. This decrease was a result of large-scale erosion control activities across China. Although the eroded soil has been restored, the restoration process is very slow and full restoration will take a long time. Our report suggests that controlling soil and water loss is a challenging task, and additional measures must be taken to effectively control the soil erosion in the red soil region.     

敦化盆地晚全新世泥炭沉积中植硅体古气候记录的时频分析

沉积地层中古气候参数的多层次性以及解释过程中的人为性使古气候重建结果带有一定的误差。采用Morlet一维连续小波变换对敦化盆地吉祥和榆树剖面中植硅体记录的古气候参数进行时频分析,探讨植硅体反演的古气候变化过程。结果表明,吉祥剖面在频率域尺度a≥30时的小波变换系数波谱及能量变化与榆树剖面在a≥20时存在相似性,且均具有6个不同能量聚集区域,因此把敦化盆地晚全新世以来的古气候变迁分为6个阶段:公元前730年以前为温暖降温期;公元前730—公元前205年为温和湿润并逐渐变凉时期;公元前205—公元255年为温暖时期;公元255—525年为降温变冷时期;公元525—1220年为温暖湿润时期;公元1220年以来进入气候波动比较频繁时期。Morlet一维连续小波变换可以有效处理古气候信息的叠加,减小人为性分析带来的误差,在古气候分析中具有很大应用潜力。     

基于GIS与CA的城市扩展研究——以洛阳市为例

元胞自动机(Cellular Automata,CA)是一种"自下而上"的动态模拟建模框架,具有模拟复杂系统时空演化过程的能力。CA模型的这些特点使得它在城市增长、扩展和土地利用演化模拟等方面较为合适,成为CA应用的热点。探讨利用GIS技术开发CA模型将会改善CA模拟城市扩展的环境,建立典型的城市CA模型也会发现新的参数和转换规则。基于CA原理,结合GIS与RS技术,在ArcGIS平台中进行二次开发,构建了GIS-CA模型系统。以洛阳市为研究区域,对其城市扩展进行了模拟和预测,结果表明,将人为的规划因素加入到CA模型中,打破了CA模型只能模拟城市受自然因素影响而进行的扩展。模拟结果比较真实可信,也为下一步城市规划提供决策支持。     

ORPOM model for optimum distribution of tree ring sampling based on the climate observation network

Tree ring dating plays an important role in obtaining past climate information.The fundamental study of obtaining tree ring samples in typical climate regions is particularly essential.The optimum distribution of tree ring sampling sites based on climate information from the Climate Observation Network(ORPOM model) is presented in this article.In this setup,the tree rings in a typical region are used for surface representation,by applying excellent correlation with the climate information as the main principle.Taking the Horqin Sandy Land in the cold and arid region of China as an example,the optimum distribution range of the tree ring sampling sites was obtained through the application of the ORPOM model,which is considered a reasonably practical scheme.     

高光谱热红外数据反演地表温度与比辐射率方法研究

地表温度与地表比辐射率是陆地表层系统的两个重要特征物理量,它们反演的精度将在很大程度上影响间接导出的地表参量的准确性和相关遥感应用的有效性。多光谱热红外反演温度和比辐射率受到陆地表面类型复杂而观测信息不足的限制,很难同时反演出精确的地表温度数值和地表比辐射率数值。高光谱热红外传感器的出现,为更好地解决这一难题带来了机遇。利用高光谱热红外数据的优势和特性,提出了一种基于大气下行辐射残余指标(DRRI)的方法,实现了地表温度与地表比辐射率的准确分离。通过高光谱热红外模拟数据的反演实验表明DRRI方法具有运算速度快、结果精度高、抗噪声干扰能力强等优点。该方法能够应用于野外测量的高光谱热红外数据以及经准确大气校正后的星载高光谱热红外数据。     

Estimation of Site Effects on Stations in the Capital Circle Region Using the Generalized Inversion Method

Generalized Inversion Method has been used to estimate the spatial variation of site effects,using the digital data of SH-waves recorded by 63 stations in the Capital Circle Region of China from 2001 to 2006.We gained the site effects of all stations participating in the calculation.We found that the site effect of rock was stabile and about 1.0 from 1.0Hz to 10.0Hz,while the site effect of deposit was high in low frequencies,about 3 ～ 7 from 1.0Hz to 8.0Hz,and the site effect was protuberant at about 5.0Hz,then fell as the frequency increased.The result shows the shape and intensity of station site effects are mainly influenced by the lithology below the station,and possibly also by the local geological structure.     

汶川地震强余震与引潮力关系的初步研究

以汶川地震为例,统计分析2008年5月12日—2009年9月30日5级以上强余震与引潮力的关系,发现平行断层方向的线应变引潮力峰(谷)值时间与汶川地震及强余震发震时间的对应关系较好,且其对应程度与断层性质有关。综合分析认为,引潮力可能是地震的诱发因素之一。     

四川青川县乔庄镇城区活动断裂探测与评价

青川县乔庄镇主城区坐落于乔庄河Ⅰ级河流阶地面上,平武-青川断裂分为3支呈隐伏状穿过主城区,地表未见明显的断裂新活动形迹。2008年5月12日发生的汶川MS8.0级地震,对青川县乔庄镇造成了比较严重的破坏,出现了沿平武-青川主干断裂通过位置震害显著加重的条带状异常现象,但未见明显的地表破裂。本文在地面地质调查、浅层地球物理勘探和探槽开挖验证结果的基础上,对平武-青川断裂在乔庄镇主城区的通过位置进行了重新定位,定位结果与前人研究结果存在一定的差异。结合地表调查发现的零星地表破裂和探槽下部砂砾石层出现的小尺度变形及位错现象分析,乔庄镇条带状震害加重异常现象应是平武-青川断裂在汶川地震时发生的近地表错动所致。由此联系到汶川地震的余震条带与平武-青川断裂乔庄以东段基本重合的事实,平武-青川断裂的活动性应是下一步研究工作的方向。