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131.
132.
Diurnal variation of the dayside, ionospheric, mid-latitude trough in the southern hemisphere at 800 km: Model and measurement comparison 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J.J. Sojka W.J. Raitt R.W. Schunk J.L. Parish F.J. Rich 《Planetary and Space Science》1985,33(12):1375-1382
Our high latitude ionospheric model predicts the existence of a pronounced “dayside” trough in plasma concentration equatorward of the auroral oval in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres for solar maximum, winter, and low geomagnetic activity conditions. The trough in the Southern Hemisphere is much deeper than that in the Northern Hemisphere, with the minimum trough density at 800 km being 2 × 103 cm−3 in the Southern Hemisphere and 104 cm−3 in the Northern Hemisphere. The dayside trough has a strong longitudinal (diurnal) dependence and appears between 11:00 and 19:00 U.T. in the Southern Hemisphere and between 02:00 and 08:00 U.T. in the Northern Hemisphere. This dayside trough is a result of the auroral oval moving to larger solar zenith angles at those universal times when the magnetic pole is on the antisunward side of the geographic pole. As the auroral ionization source moves to higher geographic latitudes, it leaves a region of declining photoionization on the dayside. For low convection speeds, the ionosphere decays and a dayside trough forms. The trough is deeper in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere because of the greater offset between the geomagnetic and geographic poles. Satellite data taken in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres confirm the gross features of the dayside trough, including its strong longitudinal dependence, its depth, and the asymmetry between the Northern and Southern Hemisphere troughs. 相似文献
133.
Measurements of salinity perturbations in a partially mixed estuary have been used to evaluate the usefulness of an inductive salinometer and to determine some of the characteristics of the salinity perturbations. The salinometer performed satisfactorily under most conditions. Although internal wave like effects were present, the turbulence fluctuations were dominant. The salinity fluctuations and the turbulent fluxes and were found to behave in a manner similar to the density fluctuations in a thermally stratified atmospheric boundary layer and a laboratory open channel flow. A quadrant analysis suggested that the contribution of each quadrant to the turbulent flux changed with Ri. The turbulence parameters ν and cγ were found to decrease and increase respectively as Ri increases. 相似文献
134.
Farmland on the Downs between Lewes and Brighton suffered severe erosion during the autumn of 1982. The erosion was widespread and affected a variety of topographic situations, but it was confined to areas of arable land and recently-sown grass leys. Erosion on the scale recorded during the autumn of 1982 has never previously been recorded from this area. Three major sites of erosion are described and explanations for the erosion are sought through an analysis of rainfall conditions experienced during autumn 1982 and in recent changes in agricultural land use on the Downs. It is concluded that, whilst total rainfall and the intensity of rainstorms were both unusually high, similar events are likely to recur several times a century. Evidence is presented which suggests that the ploughing up of permanent pasture, the removal of field boundaries and the increased adoption of autumn-sown cereals have all contributed to the onset of severe erosion. It appears that a major re-activation of erosion on the Downs may be commencing which threatens the long-term viability of farming in the area. 相似文献
135.
Wave propagation in anisotropic linear viscoelastic media: theory and simulated wavefields 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
J. M. Carcione 《Geophysical Journal International》1990,101(3):739-750
136.
F.J. Davey 《Geophysical Journal International》1987,89(1):443-448
Summary. The active Australian-Pacific plate boundary passes through New Zealand. In the north, the Pacific plate subducts beneath the Australian plate with an accretionary wedge forming the eastern continental (Hikurangi) margin of the North Island. The structure of the region behind the Hikurangi margin changes from the extensional back-arc basin under central North Island to a postulated crustal downwarp under the southern North Island. A 100 km long multichannel seismic reflection profile was recorded across the region of crustal downwarp. The data show discontinuous coherent reflectors dipping westwards at the east end of the profile, and east dipping reflectors at the west end, from depths of 9 to 15 s two way time. Simple hand migration of these events indicate that the east dipping reflectors, interpreted as the base of the Australian plate crust, abut against the west dipping reflectors which are interpreted as marking the top of the subducted Pacific plate. Detailed earthquake hypocentre locations in the area show a dipping zone of high seismicity, the top of which coincides closely with the west dipping events, thus supporting this interpretation. 相似文献
137.
The spectra of active galaxies and their nuclei are rich in emission and absorption line features. A major aim of present
research is the development of self-consistent hydrodynamic models for the production of the line-forming regions. We here
review such modelling and stress the central role played by shock phenomena induced by winds and explosions on scales ranging
from the circumstellar to the intergalactic. 相似文献
138.
J. CAMPSIE M. H. RASMUSSEN L. C. KOVACS F. DITTMER J. C. BAILEY N. O. HANSEN J. LAURSEN L. JOHNSON 《Polar research》1990,8(2):237-243
New aeromagnetic data, K-Ar age determinations of dredged marine igneous rocks, as well as other geophysical evidence have shed light on the chronology, nature and evolution of the northern Iceland Plateau. Correspondence between seismic refraction profiles taken on the Jan Mayen Ridge and westward through Jan Mayen Island, suppressed aeromagnetic anomalies, earthquake surface wave studies, and ages of dredged igneous rocks suggest these strata may form an extended region of thickened crust, possibly of Caledonian age, extending westward toward the Kolbeinsey Ridge and northwest to the south wall of the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone. 相似文献
139.
P. A. M. Van Hoof M. E. Foord R. F. Heeter J. E. Bailey H.-K. Chung M. E. Cuneo W. H. Goldstein V. Jonauskas F. P. Keenan R. Kisielius D. A. Liedahl C. Ramsbottom S. J. Rose P. T. Springer R. S. Thoe 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,298(1-2):147-153
In experiments at the high-power Z-facility at Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque, New Mexico, we have been able to
produce a low density photoionized laboratory plasma of Fe mixed with NaF. The conditions in the experiment allow a meaningful
comparison with X-ray emission from astrophysical sources. The charge state distributions of Fe, Na and F are determined in
this plasma using high resolution X-ray spectroscopy. Independent measurements of the density and radiation flux indicate
unprecedented values for the ionization parameter ξ = 20–25 erg cm s−1 under nearly steady-state conditions. First comparisons of the measured charge state distributions with X-ray photoionization
models show reasonable agreement, although many questions remain. 相似文献
140.
M. J. Carson J. C. Davies E. Daw R. J. Hollingworth V. A. Kudryavtsev T. B. Lawson P. K. Lightfoot J. E. McMillan B. Morgan S. M. Paling M. Robinson N. J. C. Spooner D. R. Tovey 《Astroparticle Physics》2004,21(6):667-687
Simulations of the neutron background for future large-scale particle dark matter detectors are presented. Neutrons were generated in rock and detector elements via spontaneous fission and (α,n) reactions, and by cosmic-ray muons. The simulation techniques and results are discussed in the context of the expected sensitivity of a generic liquid xenon dark matter detector. Methods of neutron background suppression are investigated. A sensitivity of 10−9–10−10 pb to WIMP-nucleon interactions can be achieved by a tonne-scale detector. 相似文献