GNSS-A直线测量模式及航迹组合优化分析

海底控制点的GNSS-A定位精度受到测量船相对于海底控制点的航迹影响,本文针对圆形测量模式垂向几何结构较弱的问题,给出了一种新的基于嵌套圆的直线测量模式的分析方法,研究了直线测量模式的参数可估性,并给出了直线测量模式得到唯一解的条件.同时,详细分析了圆形测量模式下要增加十字航迹的原因,推导出圆加十字测量模式下获得海底控制点最优三维点位精度的走航半径约为1.15倍水深.理论分析表明,在圆形测量模式下增加直线航迹能够有效增强其几何结构,提升定位效能.此外,针对是否存在唯一的最优航迹进行了思考,并给出了相应的见解.最后,利用深海实测数据验证了理论推导的结果,圆加十字测量模式较圆形测量模式对海底控制点定位的精度提升可达1.4 cm.

     

广从断裂构造带上特大桥基础设计方案分析

广州街东高速公路流溪河特大桥穿过广州—从化断裂(以下简称广从断裂)。在鉴定断裂的运动学和动力学特征及其活动性特征的基础上,提出了断裂带上桥梁设计的一般原则,并对流溪河特大桥梁基础方案设计进行了分析研究,提出了基础设计方案。     

环天山地带水资源状况及开发利用

环天山地带是新疆水资源相对丰富的地区,干旱缺水依然是最突出的问题,同时还存在水资源时空分布不均,利用率低下,水利工程落后以及水资源开发利用不合理等问题.在对环天山地带水资源状况以及开发利用分析的基础上,提出了建设节水型社会,合理开发利用水资源,实现水资源与社会、经济、环境的和谐是区域社会经济发展的必由之路.     

Bottom water temperature measurements in the South China Sea,eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean

文章报道了一批新的海底底水温度(BWT)数据,其中南海(SCS)158个站位、东印度洋(EIO)30个站位及西太平洋(WPO)37个站位。基于这批新的BWT数据,获得南海和西太平洋海域底水温度与水深经验关系,可为地球物理和物理海洋提供准确、可靠的海底温度边界。这将有助于海底油气资源调查与评估。同时,这批实测数据表明:1)水深超过3500m的海域,其底水温度在南海约为2.47℃,比东印度洋(～1.34℃)和西太平洋(～1.60℃)稍微偏高。这与大洋传送带模式所预测的情况比较吻合。该模式认为:低温高盐的海水,从北大西洋格陵兰岛和冰岛附近海域下沉到深层,然后向南流动,再与南极洲周围海域的低温高盐海水一同向北进入印度洋和太平洋。而南海是一个相对比较封闭的热带边缘海,其内部海水与印度洋和菲律宾海交换有限,导致海水温度整体高于印度洋和太平洋。2)台西南盆地水深在2700～3000m的部分站位,其底水温高达约3.00℃,明显高于其周边同水深海域底水温度(平均值约为2.33℃)。这可能是台西南盆地海底水热活动导致的结果。3)在东印度洋和西太平洋水深超过4800m海域,底水温度随着水压增大稍有升高,其升高率分别为10.6mK·MPa~(-1)和12.0mK·MPa~(-1)。这与理论估算的深层底水绝热压力温度梯度范围较为吻合。这也意味着东印度洋和西太平洋深层底水,主要由绝热自压作用导致其温度随着深度的增大而升高。     

米仓山隆起带西缘灯影组铅锌找矿潜力评价

较系统全面地叙述了米仓山隆起带灯影组铅锌矿成矿地质条件,为在其西缘寻找与陕西马元铅锌矿相同矿床类型矿产的找矿潜力进行了评价。     

贺兰山中段震旦系盖帽白云岩的沉积特征、区域对比及意义

2011年,作者在贺兰山中段腰坝配件厂地区进行1∶5万区域地质调查时发现了震旦系盖帽白云岩,进而研究了其沉积特征、碳氧同位素组成和时代,并与该区紫花沟兔儿坑组白云岩、华南和华北地台南缘相应地层进行对比.结果表明,盖帽白云岩为含陆源细碎屑白云岩,与兔儿坑组白云岩相近;其δ13C值为-4.7‰～0.79‰,且自下而上呈下降趋势;其时代与华南震旦系下、中部相当,与华北地台南缘震旦系罗圈组的沉积特征和古地理环境相近;与全球Gaskiers冰期有相关性.这对华北地台的古构造、古地理、古气候及动物演化“源头”的研究有重要意义.     

基于土地利用现状数据库的土地利用遥感分类本底数据库建设——以山东省泰安市泰山区为例

遥感分类本底数据库和土地利用现状数据库在地类判别标准、精度要求、数据格式和原始底图等方面存在诸多一致性.基于土地利用现状数据库进行遥感分类本底库的建设,大大减少了数据矢量化和外业调查的工作量.由于大部分工作都可以通过计算机来完成,因此作业时间和人力物力投入相应减少,同时确保了遥感分类本底数据库的精度.     

Study of statistically correcting model CMAQ-MOS for forecasting regional air quality

Based on analysis of the air pollution observational data at 8 observation sites in Beijing including outer suburbs during the period from September 2004 to March 2005, this paper reveals synchronal and in-phase characteristics in the spatial and temporal variation of air pollutants on a city-proper scale at deferent sites; describes seasonal differences of the pollutant emission influence between the heating and non-heating periods, also significantly local differences of the pollutant emission influence between the urban district and outer suburbs, i.e. the spatial and temporal distribution of air pollutant is closely related with that of the pollutant emission intensity. This study shows that due to complexity of the spatial and temporal distribution of pollution emission sources, the new generation Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model developed by the EPA of USA produced forecasts, as other models did, with a systematic error of significantly lower than observations, albeit the model has better capability than previous models had in predicting the spatial distribution and variation tendency of multi-sort pollutants. The reason might be that the CMAQ adopts average amount of pollutant emission inventory, so that the model is difficult to objectively and finely describe the distribution and variation of pollution emission sources intensity on different spatial and temporal scales in the areas, in which the pollution is to be forecast. In order to correct the systematic prediction error resulting from the average pollutant emission inventory in CMAQ, this study proposes a new way of combining dynamics and statistics and establishes a statistically correcting model CMAQ-MOS for forecasts of regional air quality by utilizing the relationship of CMAQ outputs with corresponding observations, and tests the forecast capability. The investigation of experiments presents that CMAQ-MOS reduces the systematic errors of CMAQ because of the uncertainty of pollution emission inventory and improves the forecast level of air quality. Also this work employed a way of combining point and area forecasting, i.e. taking the products of CMAQ for a center site to forecast air pollution for other sites in vicinity with the scheme of model products "reanalysis" and average over the "area".     

HISTORIC-DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF GOLD METALLOGENY OF WEST SARAWAK,EAST MALAYSIS

West Sarawak,which located in the northwest of South Kalimantan Diwa Region,underwent geosynclinal period (An C-T),platform period (J1-J2) and diwa period (J3-).In geosynclinal evolution period,the crust was thickened and accreted by sedimentary accumulating,orogenic movement and metamorphism.In the different kinds of volcanic-sedimentary rocks,content of gold is general higher than the mean value of upper crust and its enrichment factor ranges from 0.94 to 4.7.The basement tectonics formed in geosynclinal fold inversionstage strike northeast,which controlled the distribution ofmagmatic activities and gold mineralization belts of the west part of west Sarawak.     

Study on the Late PermianClaraia in South China

There are different opinions on whetherClaraia appeared in the Late Permian or not. It is convinced thatClaraia had turned up in the Late Permian through the study on the Upper Permian in South China.Pseudoclaraia, Claraioides andClaraia are compared and they are found to bear basically the same features. According to the rule of nomenclatural priority,Pseudoclaraia andClaraioides should be attributed to the genusClaraia. Late PermianClaraia lived in the middle-lower part of the bathyal continental slope as epifauna, which could swim occasionally. The study onClaraia of the Permian-Triassic transition shows that TriassicClaraia was evolved from PermianClaraia.