Spherical Elementary Current Systems Method Applied to Geomagnetic Field Modeling for the Adriatic

The aim of this work was to derive an accurate regional model of geomagnetic components on the Adriatic. Data of north, east and vertical geomagnetic components at repeat stations and ground survey sites enclosing the Adriatic Sea were used to obtain a geomagnetic model at 2010.5 epoch. The core field was estimated by use of the global Enhanced Magnetic Model, while the crustal field by a mathematical technique for expanding vector systems on a sphere into basis functions, known as spherical elementary current systems method. The results of this method were presented and compared to the crustal field estimations by the Enhanced Magnetic Model. The maps of isolines of the regional model are also presented.     

论用球谐函数拟合地幔地震波品质因数Q值空间分布

本文引用S.J.Duda所导出的吸收特征时间t~*与震中距离△的关系,由地震台网观测的地震波振幅A和周期T,求得观测的t_0~*,及t_0~*～△的关系函数,用以拟合不同周期范围地震波品质因数Q 值随深度的分布Q(h),从而计算理论的t~*,再由t~*的残差δt~*与δQ 的关系参照A.M.Dzjewonskj 拟合地幔地震波速度三维分布的方法运用球谐函数的关系拟合地幔地震波品质因数Q 值的三维空间分布。     

用球面调和函数拟合地震波Q值空间分布收敛性的研究

本文从球面调和多项式的数学理论方面研究了用球函数拟合地慢地震波Q 值空间分布方法的收敛性的问题。运用一种逼近的球面多项式的误差公式,证明用球谐函数拟合地幔地震波Q 值空间分布的方法是收敛性的;也提出从地震P 波的振幅A 和周期T 拟合、反演地幔范围P 波品质因数空间分布的误差Qer 与P 波(A、T)的观测数目N 的增加,Qer 的减少来予以验证。     

用Moya方法反演云南数字地震台站场地响应

采用云南区域数字地震台网记录到的178个M≥3.0地震的S波资料,运用Moya方法反演了其中22个子台的场地响应。结果表明,在1～15Hz范围内,22个子台的场地响应都与频率相关,其中3个台的场地响应接近1、平稳变化;11个台站低频部分场地响应接近1、高频衰减;7个台站低频部分场地放大、高频衰减,1个台站场地放大明显。     

Simultaneous Denoising and Interpolation of Seismic Data via the Deep Learning Method

Utilizing data from controlled seismic sources to image the subsurface structures and invert the physical properties of the subsurface media is a major effort in exploration geophysics. Dense seismic records with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and high fidelity helps in producing high quality imaging results. Therefore, seismic data denoising and missing traces reconstruction are significant for seismic data processing. Traditional denoising and interpolation methods rarely occasioned rely on noise level estimations, thus requiring heavy manual work to deal with records and the selection of optimal parameters. We propose a simultaneous denoising and interpolation method based on deep learning. For noisy records with missing traces, we adopt an iterative alternating optimization strategy and separate the objective function of the data restoring problem into two sub-problems. The seismic records can be reconstructed by solving a least-square problem and applying a set of pre-trained denoising models alternatively and iteratively.We demonstrate this method with synthetic and field data.     

采用面向对象编程方法实现SEED地震波形格式转化

介绍了SEED格式波形文件的结构、SEED文件中各子块的具体内容以及采用面向对象的C＋＋程序设计读取文件的方法。研制了SEED波形数据转换成ASCⅡ文件的程序软件。     

用球谐函数拟合地幔Q值三维分布的收敛性问题

本文针对用球谐函数拟合地幔范围，地震体波品质因数Ｑ值三维空间分布是否存在拟合收敛性的问题，从数学理论方面进行了推算研究。分析了球谐函数与勒让得多项式收敛的条件，提出了相应的定理，当Ｑ值随深度分布的连续性甚好时，当多项式的项数多到一定的程度，则可证明这种拟和是趋于收敛的．     

基于谱比法的江苏强震动台站场地特征分析

选取江苏省强震动台网近年来获得的强震动记录,基于水平竖向谱比法(HVSR),计算了22个强震动台站的速度反应谱平均谱比曲线,采用谱比形状一致法进行场地分类,并结合典型台站场地的工程地质资料进行对比分析。研究结果表明,平均谱比曲线的卓越周期、场地放大等特征与台站场地地质资料相吻合,与传统场地分类方法相比,基于谱比法的场地特征分类方法能够突出不同场地的地震动反应特征,较好地体现了台站的场地反应特征。     

用广义反演方法估算首都圈地区台站场地效应

本文利用2001—2006年首都圈地区的SH波数字化地震资料, 用广义逆矩阵联合反演的方法得到了63个台站的场地效应值。 基岩场地的场地效应比较稳定, 在1～10 Hz范围内为1左右; 沉积场地在低频场地效应较高, 在1～8 Hz范围内在3～7之间, 5 Hz左右场地效应有明显的突起, 以后随频率增加降低。 结果表明, 台站岩性是影响场地效应形态和大小的主要因素, 此外其场地效应还可能与所处的局部地质构造等因素有关。     

Estimation of Site Effects on Stations in the Capital Circle Region Using the Generalized Inversion Method

Generalized Inversion Method has been used to estimate the spatial variation of site effects,using the digital data of SH-waves recorded by 63 stations in the Capital Circle Region of China from 2001 to 2006.We gained the site effects of all stations participating in the calculation.We found that the site effect of rock was stabile and about 1.0 from 1.0Hz to 10.0Hz,while the site effect of deposit was high in low frequencies,about 3 ～ 7 from 1.0Hz to 8.0Hz,and the site effect was protuberant at about 5.0Hz,then fell as the frequency increased.The result shows the shape and intensity of station site effects are mainly influenced by the lithology below the station,and possibly also by the local geological structure.     

甘肃三个台地磁日变赫斯特指数的时序特征

选用甘肃嘉峪关、兰州和天水地磁台2011—2013年的观测数据,重点研究地磁垂直向日变化波形下行段的赫斯特指数变化的时序特征。结果表明,在此3年内,嘉峪关台和兰州台地磁垂直向日变化波形下行段的赫斯特指数变化范围分别是0.08和0.06,天水台在2012年存在一个赫斯特指数幅度超过正常变化范围的过程,在此过程完成后的2013年7月22日,在距离天水130km的漳县和岷县交界发生M6.6地震。结合其他学者的研究结果,认为这一赫斯特指数的异常变化过程可能反映了区域性地球深部(下地壳与上地幔)热物质运移变化而引起地球局部居里面变化,也可能是地震孕育过程在地磁日变中的表征。这一发现有益于进一步研究地磁日变异常的机理、震磁关系以及地震预报的探索。     

高频GPS数据的单点精密定位法在测震学中的应用

使用武汉大学提供的PANDA软件,对高频GPS数据利用非差精密定位方法进行处理。对观测点记录到的代表不同震级及震中距的几个地震的高频GPS数据分析结果和地震仪进行同震效应的对比分析。结果表明:GPS可以很好的测量地震时期的地震波信号,同时对地表的永久性位移也有一定的反映,可以发展成为新型的GPS地震仪。GPS高频数据对于震级大、震源深的地震其捕获能力更强。GPS高频数据可以对测点强震仪起到很好的补充作用,但其处理软件的精度和模型还有待于进一步的提高。     

基于蒙特卡罗方法的梯级电站系统地震危险性分析

目前,在梯级开发的大坝场址地震安全性评价工作中,其工作步骤仍然与单个坝址的地震安全性评价工作步骤相同,并没有考虑不同坝址之间的关系.这种关系包括不同坝址地震危险性的相关性以及梯级开发的一系列大坝中任意一个大坝的破坏对整个梯级电站系统正常运行的影响.所以在梯级电站系统安全性评价中,考虑系统整体的地震危险性具有重要意义.本文以大渡河流域梯级开发的8座水电站为例,利用蒙特卡罗方法研究梯级电站系统整体的危险性.此研究可以为梯级电站系统的抗震设防和制定防灾对策提供依据.     

Global Lightning Activity on the Basis of Inversions of Natural ELF Electromagnetic Data Observed at Multiple Stations around the World

The monitoring of global lightning activity and its spatial and temporal variations is known to be very essential for the study of global warming, the subject of greatest concern to human beings on planet Earth today. As a method of remote sensing for the global lightning distribution, we have proposed an inverse problem by using the data of natural electromagnetic noise in the ELF (extremely low frequency) Schumann resonance (SR) band observed simultaneously at a few stations around the world. The fundamentals of this inversion problem (or ELF tomography) to the SR data have been presented and the first attempt to deduce the global lightning distribution by means of the real SR data has been performed, which has indicated a possibility of snapshots of well-known thunderstorm centers on the globe. This ELF tomography consists of two stages. The first stage is the inversion of the ELF field power spectra to the distribution of lightning intensity by distance relative to an observation point. The obtained distance profiles of intensity of sources at a few stations are used as tomographic projections for reconstructing a spatial distribution of sources in the second stage. Maps of the global lightning distributions constructed by the result of inversions of ELF background field spectra obtained from three stations around the world show that the most active regions vary meridionally on the diurnal time scale being connected mainly with continental areas in the tropics. We do hope that this kind of inversion method to multi-stationed ELF data will be of great importance in the future.     

Multivariate Data Assimilation in the Tropics by Using Equatorial Waves

This paper reports recent advances in understanding of dynamical aspects of the tropical data assimilation. In contrast with the mid-latitudes, there is no a well-defined approach for the tropical data assimilation in numerical weather prediction (NWP) community which has traditionally been concentrated on the mid-latitude analysis problem. In particular, the impact of the equatorial Rossby, inertio-gravity, and mixed Rossby-gravity waves on the tropical forecast-error covariances is difficult to quantify. Various tropical waves are characterized by different couplings between the mass field and the wind field. The average mixture of these waves, built into the background-error covariance matrix for data assimilation provides analysis increments which appear nearly univariate even though they result from the advanced multivariate assimilation methodology. This applies to both dry and moist idealized tropical systems as well as to a 4D-Var NWP assimilation system.     

Seismic Shot Gather Denoising by Using a Supervised-Deep-Learning Method with Weak Dependence on Real Noise Data: A Solution to the Lack of Real Noise Data

Surveys in Geophysics - In recent years, supervised-deep-learning methods have shown some advantages over conventional methods in seismic data denoising, such as higher signal-to-noise ratio after...     

Depth Estimation from Gravity Data Using the Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) and the Multi Taper Method (MTM)

The depth determination from the gravity data in frequency domain is carried out using the classical fast Fourier transform (FFT) method utilizing scaling properties of ensemble of anomalous source. The problem of calculating power spectrum from the FFT is well described in the literature. Here, the application of other high-resolution methods of power spectrum calculation, such as maximum entropy method (MEM) and multi-taper method (MTM) are explored to estimate depth to anomalous sources. At the outset, the FFT, the MEM and the MTM are tested on synthetic gravity data, generated for different types of synthetic models and then all these methods are applied to the field gravity data of the Bengal basin. The MTM with scaling is found to be superior for providing the detailed subsurface information rather than the MEM and the FFT methods in the case of synthetic as well as field examples.     

非匀质场地地震反应的模态叠加法解

将模态叠加法应用于刚性基岩上、受竖直向上传播的稳态剪切地震波激振下剪切刚度沿深度按指数规律增长的单层非匀质场地土模型的地震反应分析,求得有效振型参与系数的解.在算例分析中将此类非匀质场地与剪切波速取为平均值的匀质场地的有效振型参与系数进行了比较,并验证了第一阶固有频率的工程估算式仍可用于此类非匀质场地,且其对估算高阶固有频率是个很重要的参数.     

用双三次样条函数模拟青藏高原东北缘重力场动态图像

用双三次样条模拟了1992～2001年间青藏高原东北缘重力变化时空分布信息，初步研究了本区的重力变化与地震活动及构造活动的关系。结果表明：①在地震孕育过程中，区域重力场出现有规律的变化并产生重力变化异常区或重力变化密集带。②在重力变化显著时段，以兰州为界，测区西北、东南和东北具有不同的重力变化特征。③重力变化与测区主要断裂构造带走向基本一致，重力变化等值线与断裂分布关系密切。     

宜昌台三类地倾斜仪观测数据的对比研究

研究采用宜昌地震台水管倾斜仪、VP型垂直摆倾斜仪、VS型垂直摆倾斜仪三类地倾斜仪的观测数据,进行潮汐响应函数和非潮汐参数和地震响应对比。结果显示:(1)三类倾斜仪M_2波潮汐因子NS向普遍小于EW向,NS向容易受局部观测环境的影响;三类倾斜仪EW向潮汐速率略大于NS向,VS仪漂移最大,其次VP仪,而水管仪三者中漂移最小。总的来说,仪器的稳定性和精度方面,水管仪最好,VP倾斜仪次之,垂直摆最低。(2)三类倾斜仪易受观测环境干扰,数据产生不同程度噪声,由于不同仪器的性能差异,造成三类观测数据不同步,为鉴别真实的地壳形变信息,应对观测数据做去干扰处理,将不同观测的物理量互相验证,对数据质量较差的观测系统应进行合理化改造。