山东省空中水资源的初步分析

利用1997～1999年逐日探空资料和同期水文水资源资料,分析了山东省域空中水汽资源的时空分布特征及地-气系统的水量平衡关系.结果表明:山东省空中水汽资源受天气系统和季节变化的影响明显;静态水汽含量年均值为20.75 mm,动态水汽净输出量全年平均为440.91 mm,并以850 hPa层的水汽净输出为主.水汽净收支率年、季分布具有较强的地域特征.全年的水汽输入量很大,但空中水汽资源转化为地面降水的效率不足5%,而降水转化为水资源的量约为27.31%,空中水汽资源具有很大开发潜力.另外,从大气水量平衡角度分析了山东干旱气候特征的客观必然性,并提出开源增量、增加水资源的对策.

An Elementary Analysis of Water Vapour Resources over Shandong Province

Using daily sounding data and water resources data from 1997-1999, the spatial-temporal characteristics and the water balance relations of land-atmosphere system are analyzed. The results show that the water vapour resources over Shandong Province are affected by weather system and season evidently. The annual average water vapour content is 20.75 mm. The annual average net vapour import amounts is-440.91 mm, and 850 hPa is the mainly net vapour export layer. The net vapour import rate has strong area distribution characteristics. The annual vapour transpot amount is very great, but less 5 % of them can be translated into precipitation, and about 27.31 % of the rainfall can be translated into water resources, the water vapour resources over Shandong Province have great potentialities to be exploited. The objective inevitability of drought climate characteristic in Shandong Province are anaylzed in the view of atmosphere vapour bablance, the countermeasures of adding water resources are given.