黑河中上游段河道渗漏量计算方法的试验研究

通过河道断面法对黑河中上游河段河道渗漏量进行了比测试验,结果表明:河床岩性组成、河流平面几何形态变化以及人类活动对输水方式的改变等对河道渗漏量影响显著.黑河实施全流域调水前后河道渗漏量发生显著的跳跃性变化,莺落峡至312桥区间河道渗漏量调水前为1.2543×108 m3,调水后为4.3747×108 m3,调水后较调水前河道渗漏量增加3.1203×108 m3;河道流量越小其相应损失率愈大,河道流量越大,其相应损失率愈小,由此得出各河段不同流量单位河长的损失率服从倒数函数分布.研究结果是在黑河中上游实体河道上进行上下断面流量比测试验的基础上得出的,符合该河段的实际情况,可作为黑河中游地表水、地下水转化分析、地下水流系统模拟、流域水资源重复利用、水量调度计算各种模拟模型验证河道渗漏量的基础资料.

Experimental Study of Calculating Method of River Seepage in Middle and Upper Reaches of the Heihe River

With river cross-section method,river seepage in the middle and upper reaches of the Heihe River was experimentally studied.It is found that the composition of channel rock,river geometry morphological and human activities changing output and input water pattern greatly effect river seepage.River seepage remarkably changes before and after water transfer in whole basin.For instance,in the sector from Yingluoxia to Bridge 312,the seepage amount was 1.2543 × 108m3 before water transfer and is 4.3747 × 108m3 after water transfer.The smaller the river discharge,the larger the water loss rate will be.One can see that the loss rate of unit river length of each reaches follows a reciprocal manner.This conclusion is drawn from experimental analysis by contrasting the observations in the upstream and downstream cross-sections of middle and upper reaches of the Heihe River,consistent with actual situation,which can be used as basis for analyzing surface water and groundwater resources transformation in the middle and upper reaches of the Heihe River,simulating groundwater flow system,and modeling repeated utilization of water resources.The conclusion also can be used to calculate seepage amount for different simulation models.