黑龙江哈尔滨白渔泡国家湿地公园沼泽、林地和农田土壤物理、化学和生物性质差异

为了揭示黑龙江哈尔滨白渔泡国家湿地公园沼泽、林地和农田土壤物理、化学和生物性质的差异,于2018年7月25日~8月2日,在湿地公园内,在天然芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽、林地、旱田和水田中设置采样地,采集不同深度(0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm)的土壤样品,测定土壤样品的物理、化学和生物指标。研究结果表明,白渔泡国家湿地公园不同采样地土壤指标存在差异;与天然芦苇沼泽土壤相比,其它采样地土壤的含水量明显偏低,土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮和有机质含量都明显偏小,水田土壤速效磷含量偏大;天然芦苇沼泽土壤脲酶、硝酸还原酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性都高于林地和农田土壤,水田0~10 cm和10~20 cm深度土壤的硝酸还原酶活性显著高于旱田和林地;与天然芦苇沼泽土壤相比,旱田土壤小于0.25 mm的小团聚体含量偏大,而其它采样地土壤的各粒级团聚体的比例变化较小,水田土壤团聚体平均重量直径比天然芦苇沼泽和旱田土壤低。     

流动VLBI站氢原子钟的研制与性能测试

氢脉泽是射电天文所必需的频率标准.文中对为流动vLBI站研制的新一代氢脉泽的物理结构特点进行了讨论，包括对腔泡结构、磁屏蔽、原子束光学系统等.同时性能测试表明在80秒到1天之间频率稳定度优于1×10     

基于泡沫钻进中消泡装置的试验研究

泡沫钻进过程中,会产生很多泡沫,如不及时清除,会造成施工现场泡沫的大量堆积,影响正常的生产。因此,选择合适的消泡方法在泡沫钻进过程中是非常重要的环节。选用机械消泡法中的缝隙式消泡器,建立消泡装置室内试验台进行试验,取得了良好的效果,消泡率可达86%。     

棕囊藻囊泡的培养与去除研究

对广东省珠海市海域球形棕囊藻Phaeocytstis globosa赤潮进行了现场采样及除藻研究,发现3种除藻剂对球形棕囊藻囊泡作用效果存在较大差异。对球形棕囊藻生活史及特征进行了研究,在实验室条件下培养出直径6mm球形棕囊藻囊泡,其生长周期约为14d。实验结果表明,囊泡的形成是球形棕囊藻应对恶劣环境的表现之一。     

板块绝对运动及地幔热对流

本文以板块绝对运动AM1-2模型为边界条件探讨了不同的瑞利数下地幔热对流模型.结果表明,瑞利数小于10000（529.41）时,地幔对流呈现以板块驱动图式,运动的极型场和环型场由板块运动激发,两种场占有差不多相同的功率.当瑞利数增加到接近或略超过最低临界值时（约1.5倍）,对流呈现出复杂状态:1.板块运动速率小于下伏地幔对流速率;2.区域性的双层对流环出现;3.对流谱成分发生变化;4.环型场仅在地幔很浅的区域中起作用,而在地幔深部对流图式中影响很小.     

对流边界层中泡状结构的大涡模拟研究

本文提出“连续垂直运动区”的概念，对边界层中的对流泡状运动进行了重新定义。由此将对流边界层划分为上升泡区、下沉泡区和环境气流区，并利用大涡模拟提供的对流边界层数值模拟结果研究这种泡状运动的结构。研究结果较好地解释了一些有关泡状运动结构方面的似乎相互矛盾的观测事实，并揭示了对流泡状运动的一些新的特征。     

Possible Impacts of the Arctic Oscillation on the Interdecadal Variation of Summer Monsoon Rainfall in East Asia

The influences of the wintertime AO (Arctic Oscillation) on the interdecadal variation of summer monsoon rainfall in East Asia were examined. An interdecadal abrupt change was found by the end of the 1970s in the variation of the AO index and the leading principal component time series of the summer rainfall in East Asia, The rainfall anomaly changed from below normal to above normal in central China, the southern part of northeastern China and the Korean peninsula around 1978. However,the opposite interdecadal variation was found in the rainfall anomaly in North China and South China.The interdecadal variation of summer rainfall is associated with the weakening of the East Asia summer monsoon circulation. It is indicated that the interdecadal variation of the AO exerts an influence on the weakening of the monsoon circulation. The recent trend in the AO toward its high-index polarity during the past two decades plays important roles in the land-sea contrast anomalies and wintertime precipitation anomaly. The mid- and high-latitude regions of the Asian continent are warming, while the low-latitude regions are cooling in winter and spring along with the AO entering its high-index polarity after the late 1970s. In the meantime, the precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau and South China is excessive, implying an increase of soil moisture. The cooling tendency of the land in the southern part of Asia will persist until summer because of the memory of soil moisture. So the warming of the Asian continent is relatively slow in summer. Moreover, the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean which are located southward and eastward of the Asian land, are warming from winter to summer. This suggests that the contrast between the land and sea is decreased in summer. The interdecadal decrease of the land-sea heat contrast finally leads to the weakening of the East Asia summer monsoon circulation.     

基于多光谱遥感的扎龙湿地湖泡水深反演研究

以扎龙湿地龙泡子为研究对象,利用58个实测水深数据和季相最接近的Quick Bird数据,建立湖泊水深的反演模型。探索性地建立了单波段和多波段组合的线性(多元)回归模型、指数模型、二次多项式模型、微分模型和对数模型等;通过对比模型的决定系数R2,比较模型精度;线性模型、对数模型、指数模型和幂指数模型的R2小于0.5,而二次多项式模型和多元线性回归模型的R2大于0.5,精度相对较高;筛选出拟合度较高的模型,用20个实测验证样本,采用相对误差和均方根误差进行模型精度评价;最后,利用精度较高的模型,进行龙泡子水深反演计算。水深反演结果表明,用选出的模型反演得到的龙泡子水深基本一致,为170~200 cm,即使有稀疏的水草覆盖,依然可以表现出水深渐变的趋势。以蓝、绿、红和近红外波段多光谱遥感反射率为自变量,建立的线性湖泡水深反演模型y=123.990-3.332B1+183.859B2-237.133B3-37.143B4(y为水深;B1、B2、B3和B4分别为蓝、绿、红和近红外波段的水体反射率),能较好地反演扎龙湿地湖泡的水深。