原地栖息真菌Talaromyces flavus作用下不同粒径利蛇纹石的风化作用研究

主要研究了原地栖息真菌Talaromyces flavus作用下不同粒径的蛇纹石矿物粉末的风化作用。蛇纹石矿物粉末被筛分为不同粒度的4组(150~300、100~150、75~100和45~75μm)后进行真菌溶蚀实验,并使用p H计、ICP-OES、FTIR、XRD、SEM对反应产物进行了分析。结果表明,真菌作用显著加快了蛇纹石矿物的溶蚀,当蛇纹石矿物粒度降低到100μm左右时,Mg的溶出率从21.56%明显增加到35.91%。该现象可能与矿物比表面积的增大以及生物物理作用的增强有关。在此基础上粒径进一步减小并未使Mg溶出率明显提高,因此该粒径可以作为真菌对蛇纹石溶解工业化应用的最优粒径。扫描电镜观察与矿物相分析表明,反应过程中真菌分化产生的菌丝与矿物紧密接触,破坏了矿物的晶体结构,导致矿物相的改变。该研究结果可为相关菌种在浸矿等工业领域上的应用提供参考依据。     

The frictional behavior of lizardite and antigorite serpentinites: Experiments,constitutive models,and implications for natural faults

Laboratory studies of the frictional behavior of rocks can provide important information about the strength and sliding stability of natural faults. We have conducted friction experiments on antigorite and lizardite serpentinites, rocks common to both continental and oceanic crustal faults. We conducted both velocity-step tests and timed-hold tests on bare surfaces and gouge layers of serpentinite at room temperature. We find that the coefficient of friction of lizardite serpentinite is quite low (0.15–0.35) and could explain the apparent low stresses observed on crustal transform faults, while that of antigorite serpentinite is comparable to other crustal rocks (0.50–0.85). The frictional behavior of both types of serpentinite is well described by a two-mechanism model combining state-variable-dominated behavior at high slip velocities and flow-dominated behavior at low velocities. The two-mechanism model is supported by data from velocity-step tests and timed-hold tests. The low velocity behavior of serpentinite is strongly rate strengthening and should result in stable fault creep on natural faults containing either antigorite or lizardite serpentinite.     

四川彭县白水河地区蛇纹岩的地质特征

研究区的蛇纹岩以构造就位的方式就位于具岛弧环境的白水河群变质岩系之中，其常量元素和微量元素地球化学特征表明，其原岩成分相当于蛇绿岩层序底部的变质橄榄岩，是地幔的残余。它是在岛弧与扬子古陆相互碰撞过程中形成的。     

蛇纹石族矿物及其热转变产物的红外光谱研究

本文报道了蛇纹石族矿物及其热转变产物的红外光谱。在室温下斜纤蛇纹石,正纤蛇纹石,叶蛇纹石和利蛇纹石都具有各自的特征光谱。在结构资料基础上,我们解释了它们之间的光谱差异。无疑,红外光谱是区分各种蛇纹石矿物的有效手段。 样品加热到600—700℃时,3680cm~(-1)羟基带消失,这表明在该温度下蛇纹石矿物完全脱羟。与此同时,光谱中出现橄榄石870cm~(-1)的最强带和一个宽带1000cm~(-1),这说明蛇纹石已部分地转变为晶质橄榄石和形成一个无定形的中间相。800℃时,1060cm~(-1)新带的出现标志着顽火辉石的生成。在所有加热样品的光谱中都没有发现SiO_2吸收带,故可认为,在蛇纹石的热转变过程中没有出现SiO_2相。     

营口蛇纹石玉红外发射功能及其影响因素

辽宁省营口市大石桥产出的蛇纹石玉是传统名玉岫玉的一种,其物理化学特征和矿物岩石学特征与传统岫岩玉有较大差别。本文采用一系列分析技术测试了该地区蛇纹石玉的放射性、化学成分、矿物成分及在8～15μm波长带的红外发射率,结果表明：该地区蛇纹石玉不具有放射性,对人体安全无害,有良好的红外辐射功能,至少两类玉石有可能直接用作天然保健材料;玉石的矿物组成越复杂、矿物的红外活性越强、红外吸收波段范围越大,玉石的红外发射率就越高;含有硼镁石的样品的红外发射率较高达0.82。蛇纹石的晶体结构和过渡元素含量是蛇纹石玉红外发射功能的重要影响因素,晶格活性振动强、Fe2O3含量为6.28%的样品红外发射率高达0.83。引入过渡元素可以提高玉石样品的红外发射率。     

河北小寺沟蛇纹石玉的矿物成分和化学成分研究

在野外地质调查的基础上,通过显微薄片观察、电子探针分析、X射线衍射分析、红外光谱分析、X射线荧光光谱分析、微量元素分析、稀土元素分析等现代测试方法对河北小寺沟蛇纹石玉的矿物成分、化学成分进行了研究。结果表明,小寺沟蛇纹石玉为富镁碳酸盐岩蚀变形成的蛇纹岩,其主要矿物成分为利蛇纹石,次要矿物成分有方解石、白云石、透辉石、金云母、磁铁矿、黄铁矿等。蛇纹石玉的稀土元素来源于围岩大理岩,其稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图与其围岩大理岩的稀土配分图非常相似,为陡右倾型,具有稀土元素总量较低、富集轻稀土、具δEu负异常的特点。     

高温高压下电导-温度曲线方法进行蛇纹石的脱水温度测量及其意义

在1．0～5．0GPa压力范围内，运用高温同时高压下电导测量方法确定了蛇纹石的脱水温度。实验结果表明，压力小于2.0GPa时叶蛇纹石的脱水温度随压力的增大呈微弱升高趋势，压力大于2．0GPa时其脱水温度随压力的增大明显降低，意味着较高压力下有利于脱水反应的发生，是俯冲带岩浆作用及地幔交代作用流体的重要来源。蛇纹石脱水后，由于自由水的存在导致其电导明显增加，可能是高导层产生的原因之一。     

Dehydration Temperature of Serpentine at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures by Electrical Conductivity Method and Its Implications

Dehydration temperatures of serpentine were measured in the pressure range between 1.0GPa and 5.0GPa by using the electrical conductivity metod simultaneously at high temperatures and high pressures.The results show that with increasing pressure th dehydration temperature of antigorite increases slightly below 2.0GPa ,but drops markedly above2.0GPa .This strongly suggests that high pressure would favor the dehydration of serpentine minerals and the water released thereby would be an important source of fluids involved in magmatism in a subduction zone and mantle metasomatism,Meanwhile,the greatly enhanced electric conductivity in the presence of water may be one of the reasons underlying the occurrence of a high-conductivity zone in the lower crust.     

Compressional elastic wave velocities of serpentinized pyroxenite at high pressures and high temperatures and its geological significance

Elastic wave velocity measurement in rocks at high pressures and high temperatures plays a key role in researching the state, properties and movement of the earth interior materials. Nowadays dehydration is believed to be as one of the most important reasons responsible for the abnormality of seismic velocity (Kern, 1982; Ito, 1990; Christensen, 1989; Popp, Kern, 1993; SONG, et al, 1996; ZHOU, 1998; ZHAO, et al, 1996). Geophysical, geochemical and mineralogical data have revealed that on…