民勤绿洲现状土地利用模式影响下地下水位时空变化的预测

用GIS与专业计算地下水运动的FEFLOW软件结合模拟研究了民勤绿洲现状土地利用模式影响下地下水位的时空变化。结果表明,如民勤绿洲现状土地利用模式发展下去,受其影响,绿洲地区的地下水位将持续地以较快的速度下降,到2010年10月,绿洲内将出现以绿洲腹地为中心、范围波及整个绿洲的两个地下水漏斗,漏斗中心地下水埋深将达47～52m,绿洲边缘地下水埋深将增加到17～22m,与1997年10月相比绿洲地下水位将下降9～34m。分析表明,在上游来水不变或减少的情形下,保持现状土地利用模式,将会逐步耗竭地下水资源,加速民勤绿洲的荒漠化过程的发生;如果调整作物种植结构、采用节水灌溉技术,将会减少地下水抽取量,减缓地下水位下降的趋势。     

Influence of a coarse interlayer on seawater intrusion and contaminant migration in coastal aquifers

Vertical 2D slice laboratory experiments were carried out in homogenous and layered sand tanks to elucidate the effects of a highly permeable (coarse‐grained sand) interlayer on seawater intrusion and transport of contaminants to a coastal sea. Tidal fluctuations produced oscillations in the seawater–freshwater transition zone, fluctuations of the contaminant infiltration rate and a zigzag contaminant plume outline. The seawater wedge became discontinuous at the (vertical) edges of the interlayer because of increased lateral movement of the seawater–freshwater interface within the interlayer. The contaminant plume formed a tail within the interlayer depending on the tidal stage, and similar to the wedge, its movement was accentuated. A simple analytical model that neglected vertical flow reliably predicted steady‐state seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifer. Numerical modeling was used to gain insight into the groundwater hydrodynamics and contaminant migration. The numerical results confirmed the experimental findings, i.e. that a highly permeable interlayer can provide a rapid transit path for contaminants to reach the seaward boundary and that the interlayer amplifies the effects of tidal fluctuations, resulting in wider transition zones for the seawater wedge and contaminant plume. Numerical simulations further showed that, with increasing interlayer hydraulic conductivity, the maximum seawater intrusion distance inside the interlayer increases approximately linearly. For the fixed‐head contaminant injection condition used, the model showed that contaminant infiltration increases approximately logarithmically with increasing interlayer hydraulic conductivity (other factors held fixed). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Simulation of groundwater level recovery in abandoned mines,Fengfeng coalfield,China

Abandoned mines are of high potential risk as they could be a large underground storage of pollutants(heavy metals and organic wastes, etc.). Various physical, chemical and biological reactions would take place when groundwater flows into underground spaces, which makes abandoned mine a huge potential hazard to groundwater environment. The recovery of groundwater level is one of the key elements controlling the reactions and causing such hazards. This paper simulated groundwater level recovery processes in the abandoned mines, Fengfeng coalfield by using the computer program FEFLOW. The paper integrated the pipe flow model, "three zones" model and groundwater inrush(discharge) model in the simulation of groundwater in the complex laneway-aquifer system. Groundwater flow in the laneway systems was considered pipe flow and described in Bernoulli equation. The water-bearing medium(coal seam roof) overlying the laneway systems was divided into "three zones" composed of the caving zone, fissure zone and bending zone based on the disruption degrees of previous mining. Groundwater in the Ordovician limestone aquifer(bottom of coal seam) flowing into laneway systems was considered a major inrush/recharge source, and its flow rate was calculated by an inrush(discharge) model which was newly developed in this study and incorporated into FEFLOW. The results showed that it would take approximately 95 days for groundwater in abandoned mines to recover to regional groundwater level elevation, and the total amount of water filling up would be about 1.41195×10~7 m~3, which is consistent with the actual data. The study could be of theoretical and practical significance to mitigate abandoned mines' hazards and improve mine groundwater utilization.     

基于FEFLOW的采区放水实验数值模拟与模型评估

采区安全开采受底板徐灰水,奥灰水威胁,确定含水层的富水性和准确的水文地质参数对于评价采区安全开采,评价徐灰水疏水降压可行性,正确预计工作面涌水量均具有重要的意义。基于有限元剖分方法的FEFLOW软件能对地下水流向进行模拟．其内置的PEST能有效地对模型的参数最优化,达到精确求参,从而增加模型的可行性和与实地水文地质条件的拟合度。     

地下水数值模拟中入渗补给滞后的处理方法

地面水入渗补给地下水具有滞后性。文章介绍了地下水数值模拟中入渗滞后补给的权系数方法,该方法仅有一个参数需要确定。基于均质介质和底面为自由液面的一维土柱的理想模型数值试验,利用不同滞后因子的饱和地下水流模型同饱和-非饱和地下水模型求解的入渗补给量进行对比分析,认为待定参数与地下水位埋深成反比,与介质的饱和渗透系数成正比,通过40组设定的模型试验得到地下水埋深和饱和渗透系数对应的待定系数取值的统计关系式。这些成果为饱和地下水流模型中入渗滞后性的描述提供了参考,将提高地下水流模拟的仿真性。     

MODFLOW和FEFLOW在国内地下水数值模拟中的应用

数值模拟是研究地下水资源问题的主要手段。介绍MODFLOW和FEFLOW这两款地下水数值模型在国内地下水模拟中的应用,比较分析二者在基本原理、模型特点、以及应用领域等方面的差异,提出地下水数值模型的发展趋势。     

FEFLOW在某市岩溶地下水四氯化碳污染中的应用

某市是我国北方的一座大型城市,七里沟盆地是该市的三个主要岩溶水源地之一,供应该市南部20余万人的生产生活用水,2000年11月发现该岩溶含水层受到四氯化碳的污染,本文结合前人所做的工作和研究区检测资料的分析,建立了研究区水文地质概念模型和地下水数学模型,采用基于有限元方法的FEFLOW软件对模型求解,在水流模型的基础上...     

Probabilistic analysis of groundwater and radionuclide transport model from near surface disposal facilities

As per the regulatory requirements controlling the disposal of radioactive waste, the performance of waste disposal facilities needs to be assessed quantitatively using predictive models. This estimates the potential impact of disposal on the environment and public health. Near Surface Disposal Facilities (NSDFs), constructed to contain the low level radioactive waste are considered to model the radionuclide migration from the system to the geo-sphere. The radiation dose experienced by an individual through drinking water pathway is the endpoint of assessment of the model. A three dimensional groundwater contaminant transport model with a decaying source is modelled numerically to determine the radiation dose for short-lived and long-lived radionuclides. The consideration of uncertainties constitutes an intrinsic part of modelling. The uncertain input parameters include porosity, longitudinal dispersivity, transverse dispersivity, diffusion coefficient and distribution coefficient. The uncertainty propagation and quantification is carried out using collocation based stochastic response surface method (CSRSM). To run the simulations for the huge set of input, a code is developed using built-in python interface in the numerical model. The results are processed further to obtain the sensitive parameters affecting the output concentrations. Further, the probability of radiation dose exceeding permissible value is estimated by subset simulation.     

石家庄市东部平原FEFLOW地下水数值模拟与研究

根据研究区水文地质条件、开采条件及资料条件,将研究区内水文地质概念模型概化为二维非均质、各向同性、非稳定地下水流系统.利用先进的FEFLOW有限元地下水模拟系统建立了研究区的区域地下水流模型,预测不同开采方案下的地下水动态变化,为地下水资源开发利用和优化配置提供科学依据.     

基于FEFLOW和GIS技术的矿区地下水动态模拟及预测

矿区地下水动态研究是山西亟待解决的重大需求问题。针对山西矿区水资源短缺与水环境恶化等现状,通过分析气象、水文、地质地貌、开采现状等监测数据资料,以FEFLOW模型和GIS技术为平台,构建山西矿区三维地下水数值模型,进行地下水动态研究,模拟并预测了4种不同情境下矿区地下水动态过程,从而定量分析采矿活动对地下水动态的影响,揭示矿区开采对地下水系统的作用机制。结果表明：当矿区开采强度提高10%、30%、50%时,地下水整体流场和运动趋势没有大的变化,但在矿区南部地下水流场发生突变,等值线形变,且在东南部形成一个水位变化剧烈的低水位带,迫使地下水流向发生偏转。水位分析表明采矿活动会造成地下水位整体下降,下降幅度与开采强度呈正相关关系。地下水系统均衡分析表明,当开采强度保持现状或提高10%,地下水系统仍然处于正均衡,补给量大于排泄量,当开采强度提高30%、50%时,系统转为负均衡状态,补给量小于排泄量,地下水水量大幅度减少。研究成果可为矿区制定合理的开采方案,保护矿区地下水资源提供参考依据,为有效遏制矿区水环境恶化、确保矿区水安全提供科技支撑。