RELATIONSHIP OF ECO-ENVIONMENTAL CHANGE WITH NATURAL EROSION AND ARTIFICIALLY ACCELERATED EROSION

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复垦土地样品中石油类物质加速溶剂萃取-荧光分光光度法分析方法研究

作为土地环境质量的一项重要指标,石油类物质含量决定了土地的用途。对于复垦土地样品,在一定程度上反映了污染土地的复垦、治理效果。土壤样中的石油类物质测定方法主要有气相色谱法、红外分光光度法、紫外光谱法等。气相色谱法主要应用于测定样品中的饱和烷烃;红外分光光度法通过测定不同波数下的特征吸收值来表征样品中石油类物质,但采用四氯乙烯为溶剂,试剂环境危害大,前处理效率低,检出限高。本文针对复垦土地样品中石油类物质含量不高,组分多为难挥发且结构复杂、基质干扰大的特点,采用正己烷为溶剂、加速溶剂萃取(ASE)前处理,荧光分光光度计测定样品中的石油类物质。以海洋环境监测石油标准物质为标准样品配制工作曲线,线性相关系数r~2=0.9997;方法检出限为0.40mg/kg,检测下限为1.60mg/kg;实际样品方法精密度为1.10%～8.76%;基质加标回收率为89.0%～95.7%;检测实际样品的结果与现行有效的HJ 1051—2019红外分光光度法基本一致,高含量样品的测定结果高于红外法。本方法所用溶剂正己烷的毒性小于四氯乙烯,前处理方法ASE的自动化程度高,萃取效率高,精密度提高11.5%～67.3%。对于石油类组分结构相对复杂、难提取的样品,本方法检出限低于红外法(4mg/kg)。     

渤海湾盆地新生代沉降特征及其动力学机制探讨

综合分析了渤海湾盆地新生代以来断裂发育的分布规律,以及伸展量和沉积沉降随时间和空间的变化规律,并结合现今的深部结构特征,试图揭示盆地新生代沉降的地球动力学机制。发现在断陷阶段,断裂发育在时间和空间上控制了沉积沉降中心的迁移;坳陷阶段后期,在断裂作用非常弱的情况下,以渤中坳陷为中心,出现裂后加速沉降现象,并逐渐波及到相邻坳陷。断陷阶段的断裂发育和沉积沉降主要受板块运动形成应力场的控制,其沉降是岩石圈水平伸展和岩石圈垂向热减薄耦合作用的结果;而裂后加速沉降可能是岩石圈垂向密度突然变化及其后迅速热衰减造成的。     

Accelerated Exhumation During the Cenozoic in the Dabie Mountains: Evidence from Fission-Track Ages

Zircon and apatite fission-track dating indicates that the exhumation of the Dabie Mountains tended to be accelerated in the Cenozoic and that the exhumation of the eastern Dabie Mountains was more and more intense from south to north, which is in accordance with the more and more intense dissection from south to north, as is reflected by the modern geomorphologic features of the Dabie Mountains. The accelerated exhumation during the Cenozoic was related to the high elevation of the Dabie Mountains resulting from Late Cretaceous-Palaeogene detachment faulting and subsequent fault-block uplift and subsidence. The average elevation at that time was at least about 660 m higher than that at the present. The intense exhumation lagged behind intense uplift.     

气相色谱-质谱法同时测定河流沉积物中多环芳烃和有机氯农药

建立了用加速溶剂萃取,气相色谱-质谱法同时测定河流沉积物中16种多环芳烃和19种有机氯农药的分析方法,优化了萃取溶剂、萃取温度和时间、凝胶渗透色谱收集时间、固相萃取洗脱溶剂和洗脱体积等条件。16种多环芳烃的方法检出限在0.15~0.59 ng/g,加标回收率为82%~102%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.1%~4.5%。19种有机氯农药的方法检出限在0.14~2.23 ng/g,加标回收率为71%~108%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.0%~4.5%。实际样品的测定结果表明,该方法分离效果较好,能够满足沉积物样品中多环芳烃和有机氯农药的分析要求。     

交通荷载下加筋土桥台工作性能试验研究

加筋土桥台因其具有良好的复合体特性,被广泛应用于各项工程建设,研究它在实际工程条件下的工作性能对其设计和推广具有重要意义。加筋土桥台在服役过程中主要承受交通荷载作用,通过室内大比例缩尺模型的加速应力试验,研究交通荷载条件下加筋土桥台的工作性能,考虑加筋间距与筋材刚度的影响,综合分析了不同交通荷载等级和循环次数下桥台变形与筋材应变的变化规律。研究结果表明,加筋土桥台在交通荷载作用下整体变形随循环次数趋于收敛,其顶部沉降、面板水平位移与筋材应变均远小于规范给出的阈值;各变形值随加载时间呈阶梯状发展,不同条件下变形收敛趋势有所差异;增大筋材刚度和减小加筋层间距有利于控制桥台的变形,筋材刚度对变形的控制作用要优于加筋间距;交通荷载作用下面板水平应变与顶部竖向应变并不满足2倍关系,二者之间的定量关系有待进一步研究。     

加速迭代硬阈值ISAR稀疏成像

加速迭代硬阈值(AIHT)作为一种压缩感知(CS)算法,具有计算复杂度低、内存占用小的特点,在较小数目的观测下,经过有限次迭代便能获得较好的重建效果。因此,本文将该算法应用到逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)稀疏成像,对该方法的具体特征和适用性进行了详细分析。仿真结果表明,在相同信噪比和回波脉冲数条件下,基于AIHT的ISAR成像方法,相比于稀疏贝叶斯算法(SBL),在重建时间上缩短了至少2个量级;相比于迭代加权最小二乘法(IRLS)和平滑l0范数算法,在重建质量上提高了约3倍。经实测数据处理结果验证,在1/4原始脉冲数条件下,该方法仍具有良好的聚焦性能和压低旁瓣效果。     

基于FAST和SURF的遥感图像自动配准方法

提出了基于加速分割检测特征(features from accelerated segment test,FAST)和加速鲁棒性特征(speeded - up robust features,SURF)的遥感图像自动配准方法.首先对参考图像与待配准图像进行HSI变换和高斯金字塔建立;然后检测并提取FAST角点,计算各角点的SURF描述子,用K-D树匹配搜索策略得到2幅图像的匹配点对;再使用最小二乘迭代法剔除错误匹配点并拟合几何变换系数;最后执行几何变换,得到配准后的图像.将该方法分别与基于SURF自动配准方法和ENVI软件中自动获取配准点的方法进行对比实验,结果表明,利用该方法能够获得更多的匹配点对,具有更高的几何配准精度,但在尺度不变性方面略逊于SURF算法.     

Long-wavelength MHD instability in the prefront of collisionless shocks with accelerated particles

Collisionless shocks in turbulent space plasmas accelerate particles by the Fermi mechanism to ultrarelativistic energies. The interaction of accelerated particles with the plasma inflow produces extended supersonic MHD flows of multicomponent plasma. We investigate the instabilities of a flow of three-component turbulent plasma with relativistic particles against long-wavelength perturbations with scales larger than the accelerated particle transport mean free path and the initial turbulence scales. The presence of turbulence allows us to formulate the system of single-fluid equations, the equation of motion for the medium as a whole, and the induction equation for the magnetic field with turbulent magnetic and kinematic viscosities. The current of accelerated particles enters into the induction equation with an effective magnetic diffusion coefficient. We have calculated the local growth rates of the perturbations related to the nonresonant long-wavelength instability of the current of accelerated particles for MHD perturbations in the WKB approximation. The amplification of long-wavelength magnetic field perturbations in the flow upstream of the shock front can affect significantly the maximum energies of the particles accelerated by a collisionless shock and can lead to the observed peculiarities of the synchrotron X-ray radiation in supernova remnants.