Spectroscopic studies of three novae

We present our spectroscopic observations of the novae V1425, V1493, and V1494 Aql carried out with the 125-cm telescope at the Crimean Station of the Sternberg Astronomical Institute in the wavelength range 4000–11000 Å. We measured the emission-line intensities, determined the nova shell expansion velocities from the line profile FWHMs and components, and estimated the interstellar reddening from the first members of the Balmer series. The chemical composition of the nova shells is analyzed. Nitrogen and oxygen were found to be overabundant in V1425 and V1494 Aql; the helium abundance turned out to be normal in the two stars.     

Biogenic silicate accumulation in sediments, Jiaozhou Bay

1 INTRODUCTION Silicate, or silicic acid (H4SiO4), is a very im- portant nutrient in the ocean. Unlike other major nu- trients such as phosphate and nitrate or ammonium, which are needed by almost all marine plankton, silicate is an essential chemical req…     

沉积钙质白云石带状面缺陷的择优取向

作者用透射电子显微镜研究了沉积钙质白云石中的带状面缺陷。在衍衬象中面缺陷呈现出特有的条纹衬度,并具有一定的择优取向,它们沿着｛018｝面排列。面缺陷也可分叉,分枝部分平等于｛2－／10｝面。根据白云石面缺陷的取向,本文提出了鞍状白云石宏观弯曲面和微观面缺陷的取向关系。     

Petrography and textural development of inorganic and biogenic lithotypes in a relict barite tufa deposit at Flybye Springs, NT, Canada

A relict mound of Holocene barite (BaSO₄) tufa underlies the Flybye Springs, a small, barium‐rich, cold sulphur spring system in the Northwest Territories of Canada. The tufa is composed of relatively pure barite with ≤0·34 wt% Ca²⁺ and ≤0·77 wt% Sr²⁺. The mound is made up of coated bubble, raft, undulatory sheet, stromatolitic, coated grain and detrital conglomerate barite tufa. Although previously unreported in barite, these lithotypes are akin to facies found in many carbonate spring deposits. Raft and ooid‐coated grain tufa was formed via ‘inorganic’ barite precipitation in spring water ponds and tributaries where rapid oxidation of sulphide to sulphate established barite supersaturation. Undulatory sheet tufa may have formed by the reaction of dissolved barium with sulphate derived from the oxidation of extracellular polysaccharide‐rich colloidal sulphur films floating in oxygenated, barite‐saturated spring water ponds. Coated bubble, oncoid‐coated grain and stromatolitic tufa with filamentous microfossils was formed in close association with sulphur‐tolerant microbes inhabiting dysoxic and oxygenated spring water tributaries and ponds. Adsorption of dissolved barium to microbial extracellular polysaccharide probably facilitated the development of these ‘biogenic’ lithotypes. Detrital conglomerate tufa was formed by barite cementation of microdetrital tufa, allochthonous lithoclasts and organic detritus, including caribou hair. Biogenic textures, organic artefacts and microfossils in the Flybye barite tufa have survived diagenetic aggradational recrystallization and precipitation of secondary cements, indicating the potential for palaeoecological information to be preserved in barite in the geological record. Similarities between the Flybye barite tufa and carbonate spring deposits demonstrate that analogous textures can develop in chemical sedimentary systems with distinct mineralogy, biology and physiochemistry.     

淡水双壳类壳体碳同位素研究:以河蚬(corbicula fluminea,Müller 1774)为例

双壳类壳体碳酸盐(文石)稳定同位素组成已被广泛地用于古气候和古环境重建研究中,但是双壳类壳体碳同位素组成所指示的气候和环境意义一直是争议的问题.对双壳类河蚬(corbicula fluminea)进行了室内养殖,并选取两个壳体样品(壳高,A=13 mm,B=9mm),测定其生长部分壳体和生长期间水体碳同位素,研究表明,随着水体碳同位素的升高(δ13CDIC由-5.24‰升至1.41‰),两壳体碳同位素也随之升高,表明水体对壳体碳同位素的影响;δ13CA分布范围为-4.76‰～2.09‰,δ13CB为-8.49‰～2.89,壳体A和B碳同位素均比预测平衡值偏负,表明壳体在形成过程中利用了新陈代谢产生的富集12C的CO2.根据计算壳体A在实验中沉淀部分壳体利用新陈代谢碳的比例(M值)为24%～43%,平均值为33%;壳体B为33%～75%,平均值为58%.M值随生物的生长呈下降变化,这说明在实验中河蚬主要是通过增加对DIC的吸收和利用来满足壳体生长对物质量增加的需求.     

冲绳海槽有孔虫壳体的微量元素Sr,Nd同位素地球化学

钙质生物壳的微量元素组合和Sr,Nd同位素组成是识别海底混合源沉积物中生物源物质相对贡献的重要参数.冲绳海槽有孔虫壳体强烈富集Sr,P,Mn和Ba,富集Li,U,Th,Sc,Co,Pb,Zn,Cr,Rb,Y,Sb和轻稀土元素,弱富集V,Ga,Zr,Nb,Cd和中稀土元素,相对贫Ge,Mo,In,Sn,Cs,Hf,Ta,W,Tl,Bi和重稀土元素,海水中微量元素的背景含量和生物活动对微量元素的选择性吸收是有孔虫壳体中微量元素发生富集和贫化的主要机制,冲绳海槽有孔虫壳体的稀土元素配分模式与海水和太平洋有孔虫的有明显差异,表现出中稀土元素相对富集,并具有微弱的负Ce异常.有孔虫壳体的Sr,Nd同位素比值也与大洋海水不同,分别为0.709769和0.512162,前者略高于大洋海水,后者略低于大洋海水,表明冲绳海槽海水明显受大陆河水影响.     

钙质成岩作用对有孔虫氧同位素的影响

通过对南海北部ODPl84航次1148站井深477m之下深海相渐新世浮游有孔虫Globoquadrina压扁壳、次生方解石和充填壳的氧同位素对比，定量分析了钙质成岩作用对壳体氧同位素的影响，结果发现，受成岩作用影响，1148站浮游有孔虫氧同位素显著变轻，这种变化趋势与低纬度开放性大洋明显不同。其原因可能与南海海盆扩张早期，大量陆源物质从较窄陆架可以直接沉积到海底，由于陆源物质氧同位素相对偏负，当与海洋沉积物混合后，引起本区沉积物孔隙水氧离子浓度变轻。而扩张初始，高的沉积速率可能使钙质壳体被快速封存在一个相对孤立的系统中，造成孔隙水离子成为影响壳体氧同位素变化的主要因素。当氧同位素相对较重的有孔虫壳体溶解和重结晶并与孔隙水离子发生交换时，引起壳体δ^18O负向偏移。     

Variations in the Rate of Anaerobic Succinate Accumulation within the Central and Marginal Regions of an Euryoxic Bivalve Mantle

Abstract. Anaerobic metabolism in the central and marginal portions of the mantle of Mercenaria mercenaria was compared. Anaerobic succinate accumulation was more rapid in the central region. This difference may be due to higher phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in the central region. Thus, the central region is more specialized for anaerobic metabolism and the marginal region more for net shell growth. The original rate of succinate accumulation in the mantle is similar in isolated mantles and intact clams, suggesting that mantle succinate production does not require translocation of precursors from other tissues. However, in intact clams, the rate of succinate accumulation in the central region of the mantle slows after four hours. The reduced rate is probably caused by reducing the metabolic rate. Succinate accumulation and shell dissolution are slower in freshly collected clams than in clams that had been stored anaerobically. The difference may be due to induction of PEPCK synthesis during storage. Shell derived calcium did not accumulate in the mantle and, therefore did not alter the intracellular calcium concentration in the mantle.     

Relationship between biogeochemical features of biogenic elements and flocculation in the Changjiang Estuary

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Impact Buckling and Post-Buckling of Elasto-Viscoplastic Cylindrical Shell Under Torsion

The dynamic torsional buckling and post-buckling of elasto-plastic circular cylindrical shell isstudied.By the usage of the Bodner-Partom constitutive relation,the present visco-plastic problem is treat-ed as an orthotropic elastic problem.Based on the nonlinear large deflection shell therory,the governingdynamic buckling equation is solved by the Runge-Kutta method,and the critical buckling stress is deter-mined by the B-R criterion.The present paper is mainly focused on the imperfection sensitivity,the strainrate sensitivity,and the dynamic post-buckling characters for the shell loaded dynamically with a constantshear strain rate.Numerical results show that the critical shear stress and imperfection sensitivity will in-crease with the increase of strain rate.It is found that the elastic buckling stress is more sensitive toimperfection than the visco-plastic buckling.The present research also reveals some dynamic post-bucklingcharacters for the cylindrical shell,and it is shown that the shell will vibra