Spatio-temporal distribution of Konosirus punctatus spawning and nursing ground in the South Yellow Sea

In recent years, Konosirus punctatus has accounted for a large portion in catch composition and become important economic species in the South Yellow Sea. However, the distribution of K. punctatus early life stages is still poorly understood. In this study, generalized additive models with Tweedie distribution were used to analyze the relationships between K. punctatus ichthyoplankton and environmental factors(longitude and latitude, sea surface temperature(SST), sea surface salinity(SSS) and depth), and predict distribution K. punctatus spawning ground and nursing ground, based on samplings collected in 6 months during 2014–2017. The results showed that K. punctatus' spawning ground were mainly distributed in central and north study area(from 33.0°N to 37.0°N).By comparison, the nursing ground shifted southward, which were approximately located along central and south coast of study area(from 31.7°N to 35.5°N). The optimal models identified that suitable SST, SSS and depth for eggs were 19–26°C, 25–30 and 9–23 m, respectively. The suitable SSS for larvae were 29–31. The K. punctatus spawning habit might have changed in the past decades, which was a response to increasing SST and fishing pressure. That needs to be proved in further study. The study provides references of conservation and exploitation for K. punctatus.     

斑鮰Ictalurus punctatus(Rafinesque)在贫困区高产养成试验

本文报导了从1990年3月10日—11月12日,在山东省临朐县进行的斑鮰养成试验。该试验除使用鲤鱼用配合颗粒饲料外,均采用传统的饲养方法;适时、适量冲换新水;一冬令鱼种规格、数量和种间搭配比例适宜;饲料按“四定”措施,历经247天的饲养通过验收、鉴定,亩净获斑鮰266公斤,花、白鲢206.5公斤,其它29.8公斤,合计502.3公斤/亩。其中,斑鮰占53％,成活率94.9％。为山东省的坑塘、涝洼地和水库网箱、湖泊、网围增添了新品种,也为淡水创汇渔业奠定了基础。     

The Acute Toxicity of Plant Origin Pesticides into the Freshwater Fish Channa punctatus

Mortality to fish Channa punctatus caused by the latices of four species of terrestrial plants belonging to family Euphorbiaceae and Apocynaceae have been reported. It was found that extremely dilute aqueous solutions of the latex were effective in killing the fishes. The ranking of toxicity of four plants was Nerium indicum > Euphorbia royleana > Thevetia peruviana > Jatropha gossypifolia. It has been suggested that these plant products cannot be used directly in freshwater ecosystem unless their detailed toxicity has been studied on the beneficial freshwater animals.     

Acute and Chronic Toxic Effects of Cadmium on some Haematological,Biochemical, and Enzymological Parameters in the Fresh Water Teleost Fish Channa punctatus Akute und chronisch toxische Wirkungen von Cadmium auf einige hämatologische,biochemische und enzymologische Parameter im Süßwasserfisch Channa punctatus

The haematological, biochemical, and enzymological alterations produced on exposure of Channa punctatus to LC₅₀ (11.2 mg/L) for 96 h and to a sublethal concentration (1.12 mg/L) of cadmium (Cd²⁺) for 15, 30, 60, and 120 days have been studied. The fish were hypoglycemic and hypolactemic. The pyruvate content of blood and liver decreased in acute and all stages of chronic exposure except for 30 days where significant increase was recorded. Depletion was noted in the total protein and glycogen content of liver and muscle, and the level of lactate in liver in the two types of exposure. The levels of muscle lactate and pyruvate increased in both exposures. The activities of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase decreased in liver after 96 h and all stages of chronic exposure except 30 days. The activities of hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase in muscle and glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase in serum, liver, and muscles increased in all exposures. The activities of succinate and malate dehydrogenases in liver and muscles decreased after acute and all stages of chronic exposure. The above results suggest that glycolysis and gluconeogenesis were impaired in liver but glycolysis prevailed in muscle. Aerobic oxidation is adversely affected in metal exposed fish, while proteolysis was increased.     

台湾海峡斑鰶群体遗传学研究

基于线粒体控制区片段,对采自于台湾海峡的4个斑鰶(Konosirus punctatus)群体进行群体遗传学研究.结果显示:4个斑鰶群体均呈现出高的单倍型多样度和低的核苷酸多样度;邻接关系树结构简单,且单倍型网络图呈星形结构,二者均未检测到与地理群体相对应的谱系结构;AMOVA和群体间遗传分化指数Fst的计算结果显示斑鰶的遗传变异主要来自于群体内,群体间遗传分化微弱,无显著群体遗传结构;核苷酸不配对分布和中性检验结果均暗示斑鰶经历了近期的群体扩张事件,推测扩张时间大约在5.29×104a前,属于更新世晚期.斑鰶幼体较长的浮游期和洋流的输送作用可能是造成该海域群体间具有较高遗传同质性的主要原因,进一步提示该海域的斑鰶可作为同一种质资源和保护单元进行评估、管理.     

渤海湾青鳞鱼和斑两种鱼卵及仔鱼的比较研究

应用1979年6月－1980年8月渤海湾环境调查中的青鳞鱼及斑卵和仔鱼资料，以几种数学方法对其早期发育阶段的形态及分布特征进行初步探讨。结果表明，两种鱼的各期卵径、卵黄径均差异显著；两种仔鱼体形相似，但在卵黄吸收殆尽前后体形均有较大的变化；它们的体高、头长、标准长、肛前长，眼径之间两两显著相关，仔鱼从Ⅰ期到Ⅱ变化的是一些大长度量，而肛前和肛后肌节数变化不大。两种鱼卵及仔鱼皆出现在整个海区，青鳞鱼产卵期为4－9月，盛期为5－7月；斑产于5－8月，盛期在5－6月。从鱼卵到仔鱼的发育过程中，青鳞负有离岸移动趋向，斑有向岸移动趋势。     

鰶亚科两种鱼类的线粒体16S rRNA基因片段序列的比较研究

对鰶亚科两种鱼类的线粒体16S rRNA基因片段进行了PCR扩增和序列测定,分析比较了两种间的序列差异。斑鰶(Konosirus punctatus)16S rRNA基因片段长度为572bp,在3个个体中检测到2个单倍型,花鰶(Clupanodon thrissa)序列长度为575bp,两种间存在30个核苷酸位点(5.2%)的变异。基于木村双参数进化模型得到两种间的遗传距离为0.043。以太平洋鲱和寿南小沙丁为外群构建的NJ树表明,斑鰶和花鰶的亲缘关系较近,而与美洲真鰶(Dorosoma cepedianum)的亲缘关系较远。     

斑点叉尾鮰保科爱德华氏菌的分离鉴定和组织病理观察

对患病斑点叉尾鮰的肝脏病灶进行细菌分离培养,经API20E细菌生化快速试剂条鉴定为保科爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella hoshinae)。人工感染试验可再现自然条件下鱼病的症状,表现出很强的致病性。病变组织切片观察发现,病变最初是部分肝细胞发生颗粒变性及水样变性,颗粒变性的肝细胞肿大。严重时,细胞周界不清晰,肝细胞内的小空泡连成大空泡,核悬浮在肝细胞的中央,细胞核肿大,并出现部分肝细胞的核浓缩、破裂、溶解消失。保科爱德华氏菌对斑点叉尾鮰具有显著致病性,可引起肝脏发生严重病变。     

马尾松毛虫危害区植被指数时序变化特征研究

本文介绍了利用虫害年度的多时相NOAA-AVHRR图像数据计算监测区归一化差植被指数（NDVI）,结合收集到的监测区的马尾松毛虫害历史资料来进行森林病虫害监测和预报的研究成果。从统计编制的分区NDVI时间序列变化曲线的对比来看,虫害区与非虫害区NDVI曲线具有一定的时序变化特征,对监测虫害有一定作用,也显示了NOAA-AVHRR资料在森林病虫害监测预报方面有一定应用前景。     

长江口海区三疣梭子蟹和细点圆趾蟹食性生态学的研究

本文系1985～1986年长江口渔业资源调查中两种占优势的蟹的食性生态研究结果。长江口海区三疣梭子蟹和细点圆趾蟹,存在着昼夜和季节摄食强度的差异。文章还讨论了两种蟹的摄食竞争,但又共存于同一海区的生态学问题。