利用双因素实验和单藻培养方法研究温度和盐度对短节硬毛藻(Chaetomorpha brachygona Harvey)生长发育的影响

提要 利用双因素实验和单藻培养等方法,对采自广东南澳岛的短节硬毛藻Chaetomorpha brachygona Harvey进行了研究。在不同温度和盐度条件下,对该硬毛藻的生长、活力以及形态进行了观察与测定。结果表明,温度和盐度对短节硬毛藻的生长均有一定影响,当温度为20℃时,藻体培养第3、6和12天活力分别为0.70—0.75Y、0.60—0.70Y和0.55—0.65Y,培养12天时藻体有生殖细胞形成,此温度有利于藻体维持活力;温度为25—30℃时,培养第3天时会大量形成生殖细胞;在盐度10、20、40和50时,藻体的生长与温度相关,即30℃>25℃>20℃;在盐度20—30时,藻体长度最大达4.55 cm;在盐度10—30时,更有利于藻体生长,整体趋势为20>30>10>40>50。因此,实验条件下,温度25—30℃、盐度10—30更利于短节硬毛藻的生长和形成生殖细胞。本实验表明,短节硬毛藻为暖水、广盐性种,有可能在我国南方海区大量生长并扩散,具有引发绿潮的潜力。     

Culture observation and molecular phylogenetic analysis on the blooming green alga Chaetomorpha valida (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) from China

The marine green alga Chaetomorpha valida fouls aquaculture ponds along the coastal cities of Dalian and Rongcheng, China. Unialgal cultures were observed under a microscope to determine the developmental morphological characters of C. valida. Results reveal that gametophytic filaments often produce lateral branches under laboratory culture conditions, suggesting an atypical heteromorphic life cycle of C. valida between unbranched sporophytes and branched gametophytes, which differs from typical isomorphic alternation of Chaetomorpha species. The shape of the basal attachment cell, an important taxonomic character within the genus, was found variable depending on environmental conditions. The 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA regions were used to explore the phylogenetic affinity of the taxa. Inferred trees from 18S rDNA sequences revealed a close relationship between C. valida and Chaetomorpha moniligera. These results would enrich information in general biology and morphological plasticity of C. valida and provided a basis for future identification of green tide forming algae.     

Polyculture of the lined seahorse, Hippocampus erectus Perry, 1810 with two species of macroalgae in aquaria

A two-month study was conducted to test the e?ects of macroalgae on the growth and survivorship of juvenile lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus) in aquaria. Twenty-day old seahorses were cultured in the tanks with green alga Chaetomorpha linum, red alga Gracilaria tikvahiae, green plastic artiˉcial plant (stargrass), and black plastic net, respectively. Increases in wet mass and standard length for the seahorses were signiˉcantly higher in the tanks with macroalgae than those without macroalgae. The seahorse survivorships in the two macroalgal treatments were also signiˉcantly higher than those of the two treatments without macroalgae. In the treatments with macroalgae, the DO and pH were higher than those without marcoalgae. During the experiment, the color of seahorses was changed to certain extent. In the green background (the treatments with C. linum and stargrass), 24.1%{28.4% of black seahorses decreased over time; whereas in the black (plastic net) or brown (G. tikvahiae) background treatments, 14.1%{16.3% of yellow seahorses decreased over time, for matching that of the background. Furthermore, the survival rate of seahorse was correlation with DO and pH, and strong correlation with standard length, wet mass and CF. Polyculture with macroalgae, survival rates of seahorse were higher than without macroaglae.     

Steroids from green alga Chaetomorpha basiretorsa Setchell

Six steroids have been isolated from ethanolic extract of green alga Chaetomorpha basiretorsa Setehell by a combination of repeated normal phase silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography as well as recrystallization. Using spectroscopic methods including MS and NMR, their structures were determined as β-lawsaritol (1), saringosterol (2), 24-hydroperoxy-24-vinyl-cholesterol (3), β-stigmasterol (4), stigmast-4-en-3α, 6β-diol (5), 29-hydroxystigmasta-5, 24 (28)-dien-3β-ol (6). All these compounds were obtained from this genus for the first time and they were inactive (IC5010 μg/ml) against KB, Bel-7402, PC-3M, Ketr 3 and MCF-7 cell lines.     

强壮硬毛藻（Chaetomorpha valida）的温度性质及其在中国海藻区系中的扩散潜力

采用显微观察和单藻培养的方法,对山东荣成沿海水域大量繁生的一种大型绿藻进行了研究。经过形态分类鉴定,确认其为强壮硬毛藻Chaetomorpha valida。通过室内单藻培养,对其孢子体和配子体生长、生殖的温度范围进行了研究。结果表明,强壮硬毛藻样品生长、生殖的适温范围为21～29％。根据此适温范围,该物种的温度性质应...     

海洋绿藻气生硬毛藻(Chaetomorpha aerea)和线形硬毛藻(C. linum)的形态与分子鉴定

Green macroalgae Chaetomorpha aerea and C. linum are taxonomically confused. In this paper, we tried morphological and molecular analyses to separate these two species. C. aerea and C. linum can be distinguished from morphological characteritics, such as frond dimension, cells size and shape, their mean length/width ratios(LWR), and cell walls constriction. Thalli of C. aerea attenuate basipetally, with diameter 270–500 μm at upper portion, 160–360 μm at middle portion, 100–160 μm at basal portion. For the upper part, the length of cells is less than their diameter. Cell walls usually constrict at the dissepiments, which are pellucid or colorless and give the filament beaded appearance. In contrast, thalli of C. linum often have a constant diameter of 90–300 μm within the same individual, cell walls usually do not constrict and cells are cylindrical or barrel shaped. The LWR is larger than that of C. aerea. Results show that the pairwise distance between two species is 3.6%–3.7% for 18 S r RNA gene and 53.5%–54.3% for ITS region. In phylogeny, they distribute at distant clades, which confirms a genetic divergence at molecular level. In addition, morphological data indicates that filament diameter of C. linum samples is highly variable, ranging from 90 μm to 300 μm. Then these two species can be considered as separate species.     

Steroids from green alga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chaetomorpha basiretorsa</Emphasis> Setchell

Six steroids have been isolated from ethanolic extract of green alga Chaetomorpha basiretorsa Setchell by a combination of repeated normal phase silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography as well as recrystallization. Using spectroscopic methods including MS and NMR, their structures were determined as β-1awsaritol （1）, saringosterol （2）, 24-hydroperoxy-24-vinyl- cholesterol （3）, β-stigmasterol （4）, stigmast-4-en-3α, 6β-diol （5）, 29-hydroxystigmasta-5, 24 （28）-dien-3β-ol （6）. All these compounds were obtained from this genus for the first time and they were inactive （IC50〉10μg/ml） against KB, Bel-7402, PC-3M, Ketr 3 and MCF-7 cell lines.     

环境条件对线形硬毛藻营养盐吸收影响的季节变化

研究了线形硬毛藻在不同温度、盐度和营养盐浓度条件下对NH+4-N、NO-3-N和PO3-4-P的吸收速率的季节性变化。实验结果显示,在5~30℃范围内,线形硬毛藻对NH+4-N、NO-3-N和PO3-4-P的吸收速率受温度和季节影响显著,最适温度范围基本维持在15~25℃,且春季和秋季的吸收速率高于夏季和冬季。低盐度(0~10)对NH+4-N的吸收没有显著影响,对NO-3-N的吸收有促进作用,而对PO3-4-P的吸收有抑制作用。除了个别低盐度条件外,NH+4-N、NO-3-N和PO3-4-P的最大吸收速率大多出现在春季,而最小吸收速率大多出现在冬季。线形硬毛藻在不同浓度的营养盐条件下大多呈现出开放型的吸收模式,在高浓度下各个季节均能吸收营养盐。本研究结果为阐明线形硬毛藻作为"绿潮"灾害藻类的爆发机制提供了理论基础,同时为线形硬毛藻作为新型工具藻在富营养化水域生境修复和陆基工厂化养殖废水处理中的应用提供了科学依据。     

16SrDNA克隆文库解析仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)苗种培育池中生物絮团的细菌群落结构

通过采集东营和蓬莱地区采用生物絮团技术的仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)苗种培育池(DYt和PLt)及其对照池(DYc和PLc)海水样品,构建细菌16S r DNA克隆文库,对其中细菌群落的多样性和群落组成结构进行了分析。结果表明,四个文库Coverage值在34.7%—54.8%之间,文库丰富度指数(Chao)66.2—314.1,Shannon多样性指数从3.01—4.07变动,Pielou均匀度指数0.68—0.85,样品的细菌群落均具有很高的多样性,蓬莱仿刺参苗种培育池细菌多样性均高于东营;生物絮团文库中细菌包括拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、变形细菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)等八个菌门和未知类群,黄杆菌群(Flavobacteria)、α-变形菌群(Alphaproteobacteria)和芽孢杆菌群(Bacilli)为主要优势菌群;DYt和PLt处理组文库细菌多样性减少并出现特征菌群,生物絮团调控技术改变了仿刺参苗种培育环境的微生物群落结构。生物絮团的细菌群落结构研究,为揭示生物絮团的作用机制并进一步有效利用提供研究基础和依据。