光强度对附着的玻片上的幼鲍饵料生物的影响

幼鲍初期饵料生物在玻片上着生物量的消长与光强度的关系进行了试验，光强度超过２５００Ｌｕ时微生物膜增长较快，膜脱落较早；光强度低于１０００Ｌｕｘ时微生物膜净生产量较低，光强度在１５００－２０００Ｌｕｘ时有利于膜生物量的积累，舟形藻和菱形藻的纯培养在玻片上附着的生物量呈稳定性高速增长并能延迟生物膜脱落现象的发生。     

EFFECT OF LIGHT INTENSITY ON THE TOTAL LIPID AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SIX STRAINS OF MARINE DIATOMS

The effect of light intensity ( 1500 Ix and 5000 Ix) on the total lipid and fatty acid composition of six strains of marine diatoms Cylindrotheca fusiformis (B211 ), Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bl14, Bl18 and B221) Nitzschia closterium (B222) and Chaetoceros gracilis (B13) was investigated.The total lipids of B13, Bl14, and B211 grown at 5000 Ix were lower than those grown at 1500 Ix. No evident changes were observed in Bl18, B221 and B222. Fatty acid composition changed considerably at different light intensity although no consistent correlation between the relative proportion of a single FA and light intensity. The major fatty acids of the 6 strains were 14:0, 16:0, 16:l(n- 7) and 20:5(n-3) . Cylindrothecafusiformis had high percentage of 20:4n - 6 (9.2 - 10.9% ) . The total polyunsaturated fatty acid /rl all 6 strains decreased with increasing light intensity. The percentage of the highly unsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) decreased with increasing light intensity in all strains except Chaetoceros gracilis.     

A New Combination and Two Varieties of Polystigmate Gomphonema （Gomphonemaceae Bacillariophyta） from Heilongjiang Province, China

The authors discribed a new polystigmate combination, Gomphonema turris Ehr. var. okamurae (Skv.) Fan et Bao.comb.nov., and two new varieties, Gomphonema tuttis Ehr. vat. latum Fan et Wang. var.nov. and Gomphonema acum/natum var. obtusum Fan et Bao, var. nov., that were distinguished by frustule morphology under LM. The samples were collected from freshwater of Heilongjiang Province, China.     

福建漳江口红树林保护区浮游植物群落的季节变化研究

于2001年1月～2003年1月对福建省漳江口红树林区水体浮游植物群落的季节变化进行了研究。结果表明,漳江口红树林区浮游植物以硅藻门种类为主,优势种为长菱形藻(Nitzschia longissima)和菱形藻(Nitzschia sp.1)等,同时出现多种裸藻、绿藻和甲藻。本次调查共鉴定到浮游植物31属87种(包括变种),其中硅藻门23属75种(包括变种),蓝藻门3属3种,绿藻门1属4种,金藻门1属1种,甲藻门2属2种,裸藻门1属2种。浮游植物密度变化范围为2.78×104～1.14×106个/L,平均为3.51×105个/L,季节变化为双峰型。出现大量的底栖硅藻和淡水性藻类是该水域浮游植物的一个特点。浮游植物的组成和结构表明该水域水质较好。     

国外软骨藻酸的研究概况

软骨藻酸相继从一些海洋红藻和硅藻中被发现并分离出,研究表明其为神经毒素、递质,当它进入中枢神经系统后,会发生胞溶现象,从而破坏边缘系统结构而产生记忆力丧失等症状。目前,检测其含量有化学和生化二类分析方法。     

Photoinduced toxicity single and binary mixtures of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum

Diatom Skeletonema costatum Cleve is one of the main predominant phytoplankton species in the Changjiang Estuary in China. In order to provide some basic information for future assessment of the potential risk on phytoplankton communities in this estuary caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), this alga was selected as a representative to investigate the photoinduced toxicity of PAHs, in single and mixture. Four PAHs including three-ring phenanthrene and anthracene, four-ring fluoranthene and pyrene were tested in the laboratory. The single toxicity of each PAH on this microalga was compared with and without the simulated solar UV radiation. The results showed that this microalga was sensitive to PAH's photoinduced toxicity. Ratios of the 72 h median effect concentration obtained for fluorescent and UV light tests were about 8.4 for phenanthrene, 13.0 for anthracene, 6.5 for fluoranthene, and 5.7 for pyrene, indicating that UV light enhanced the PAH toxicity to this alga significantly. Under the fluorescent radiation (lacking UV), the dose-response curves based on chemical concentrations revealed that the order of toxic strength was fluoranthene greater than pyrene greater than anthracene greater than phenanthrene; while under the UV radiation (476 μW/cm2 for UVA, 6.5 μW/cm2 for UVB) it became fluoranthene approximately equaling anthracene greater than pyrene greater than phenanthrene, indicating that the UV light also changed its relative toxicity to this alga. The photoinduced toxicity of PAHs to the marine diatom S. costatum might be a synergistic effect of photosensitization reactions (e.g., generation of single-state oxygen) and photomodification (photooxidation and/or photolysis).The combined effects of six binary mixtures on the marine diatom S. costatum were investigated using the additive-index method. Four binary-mixtures (phenanthrene plus anthracene; phenanthrene plus pyrene; anthracene plus fluoranthene; anthracene plus pyrene) were found to be synergistic joint action mode, while two binary-mixtures (phenanthrene plus fluoranthene; fluoranthene plus pyrene) displayed antagonist, revealing a complex pattern of possible interactions. The combined action mode of PAHs might be related to various factors such as the mixture compounds, mixture ratios and test conditions, etc.     

西沙群岛附近海域羽纹硅藻分类研究 Ⅰ

继“西沙、中沙群岛附近海域浮游硅藻类分类的研究”之后,作者又对西沙群岛所属岛、礁附近海域的羽纹硅藻进行了初步整理,共鉴定出羽纹硅藻11属27种及其变种(其中8种是我国首次记录)。本文对首次记录的种类进行了比较详细的说明和绘图。某些在我国其他海域已有报道的种类,如光辉针杆藻、串珠梯楔形藻、海生斑条藻、琴状舟形藻、流苏胸隔藻、双标胸隔藻、钝端双眉藻、细纹斜盘藻等,以往的描述较简单,并且与西沙群岛标本的形态也不完全雷同,为了便于应用和比较,本文根据西沙群岛的标本,又进行了较详细的描述或补充说明。对有图而无说明,或仅有名录的种类的国内资料,在地理分布内注明。为了保持西沙群岛所属海城硅藻分类研究的连续性,本文仍采用 Hendey 提出的分类系统排列。 为便于读者査找,每一种名下列出其同物异名。 标本多用小型浮游生物网采得,有些则取自珊瑚表面。插图均用描图仪描绘。     

渤海湾表层沉积硅藻组合

分析了渤海湾潮间带4条长度为2~3 km的测线的14个站位的表层沉积硅藻,结合前人在浅海区(低潮线以下至水深约30 m处)15个站位的表层沉积硅藻资料,发现并统计了分属于21属的46种硅藻。应用对应分析方法,将渤海湾潮间带及浅海区表层沉积硅藻初步划分为3个组合。其中,组合Ⅰ为条纹—柱状小环藻-圆筛藻组合,分布在以泥质为主的潮间带区;组合Ⅱ为双眉藻-曲壳藻组合,分布在砂质为主的潮间带区;组合Ⅲ为条纹—柱状小环藻-菱形藻-圆筛藻-具槽直链藻组合,分布在浅海区。从潮间带向浅海区,随水深的增加,呈现出条纹—柱状小环藻数量减少、具槽直链藻数量增加的趋势。     

中华半管藻繁殖生物学研究──Ⅱ.营养细胞和休眼孢子的形态结构

通过扫描电镜观察中华半管藻的营养细胞和休眠孢子的形态结构显示：营养细胞上下壳各具一个线性裂口而不外突的唇形突,壳壁上的眠纹放射状,爪状连接刺上有零散的单孔,从单孔分泌胶质与相邻细胞连接;休眠孢子双凸透镜形或近球形,壳厚,表面平滑无纹饰,上壳面边缘具8～16根分叉长刺,下壳面具微刺,外围有一裙状物,其上有微孔。两类细胞不同的形态特征反映其不同的生态适应。     

西沙群岛海洋硅藻的研究：Ⅰ.双眉藻属AmphoraEhrenberg二新种…

在西沙群岛潮间带底栖硅藻的研究中发现了２个新种。Ａｍｐｈｏｒａ ｐｕｎｃｔａｔａ．ｎｏｖ，Ａｍｐｈｏｒａｍｉｃｒｏｍｅｔｒｏｉｄｅｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ，１个待定种和Ａｍ．ａｆ．ｃａｓｔｅｌｌａｔａ等１４个新记录。