Steady Response of a Ventilated Thermocline to Enhanced Ekman Pumping

The steady response of the ventilated thermocline to an increase in Ekman pumping is investigated, focusing on the effect of the mixed layer depth distribution on the subsurface density anomaly. We consider only the subtropical gyre, and the mixed layer is assumed to be deep in the northwest and shallow elsewhere with a narrow transition zone separating the deep and shallow mixed layer regions. At the intersection of this narrow transition zone and the outcrop line, low potential vorticity fluid is subducted into and ventilates the thermocline. In such a situation, an enhancement of the Ekman pumping confined to the northern subtropical gyre leads to pronounced subsurface cold anomalies in the southern subtropics, which is free of anomalous forcing. These density anomalies are much greater than those that occur when either the mixed layer depth is zonally uniform or the Ekman pumping is enhanced in the whole subtropical gyre. They are caused by anomalous changes in the trajectory of the low potential vorticity fluid in response to anomalous Sverdrup flow. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

大洋环流的通风温跃层研究进展

介绍了大洋环流理论中通风温跃层研究的主要进展。给出了温跃层研究的发展过程、有关通风温跃层的基本概念、通风温跃层内环流的基本特征以及环流通风的计算结果。突出强调了在给出大洋的表面边界条件的情况下,如风应力旋度、背景层化、混合层深度、混合层密度分布以及侧边界条件,如何由通风温跃层理论得到大洋在三维尺度上水体运动的特征。     

多年冻土区铁路通风路基室内模型试验的温度场特征

根据多年冻土区铁路通风结构路基室内模型试验的研究, 分析了模型路基典型部位的温度随时间的变化情况, 及整个路基3个典型断面在冻结期结束和融化期结束时的温度场特征. 结果表明: 路基底部温度变化与气温变化趋势不一致; 路基上部温度变化与气温变化趋势一致, 但存在滞后现象; 沿着风向方向, 在冻结期, 路基温度分布比较对称, 但在融化期, 就形成不对称分布; 除了在通风管中部上方小部分有明显不同外,通过通风管中心轴断面的温度场特征与两通风管间断面的温度场分布特征在同一时刻是相似的.     

高速公路透风型挡风墙不同位置防风特性的数值模拟研究

应用FLUENT软件对侧风影响下高速公路汽车运行时的气动特性进行了三维稳态数值模拟,研究了透风型挡风墙在不同位置时汽车气动侧向力系数、升力系数及倾覆力矩系数随横摆角变化的特征,并与不设挡风墙的流场特征进行了对比。结果表明,修筑透风型挡风墙能够有效地减弱侧风对小轿车的作用力;同一侧风状态下,透风型挡风墙的不同修筑位置对应不同的汽车的气动侧向力系数、升力系数及倾覆力矩系数。汽车运行速度为120 km·h-1,横摆角为31.0°或36.9°时（侧风风速为20 m·s-1和25 m·s-1）,透风型挡风墙最佳的修筑位置为距离路肩2.1 m,此时的倾覆力矩系数最小;当横摆角为42.0°或46.4°时（侧风风速为30 m·s-1和35 m·s-1）,透风型挡风墙的最佳修筑位置为距离路肩2.4 m。     

透壁式通风管-块石复合气冷路基室内模型试验研究

为了研究透壁式通风管-块石复合气冷路基的降温效果,针对年均气温约-3.5℃,平均风速2.5 m·s^-1,主导风向为西北方向的高原环境条件开展室内模型试验,分析了单一块石气冷路基和透壁式通风管-块石复合气冷路基的孔隙空气对流速度、特征点地温变化过程以及模型整体温度场变化过程.结果表明：在透壁式通风管的疏导作用下,透壁式通风管与块石层的复合结构能够起到强化路基体对流的效果,复合路基块石孔隙中的空气流速比单一块石路基提高约20%,由此导致复合路基模型底部的降温幅度是单一块石路基模型的2.2倍.模型整体温度场表明,复合路基能够起到储存冷量、降低下伏多年冻土地温的作用.     

青藏铁路可调控通风管路基温度场的三维非线性分析

可调控通风管路基是一种理想的保护高温冻土的工程措施. 应用有限元法, 对青藏铁路普通通风管路基和可调控通风管路基在施工完10 a内的温度场变化进行了三维数值分析. 结果表明: 可调控通风管路基在夏季(8月份)0 ℃的等温线比普通通风管路基要高, 说明它的冻土上限抬升幅度较大, 使冻土得到更好地保护, 并且其路基下面从第二年开始也不会出现融化层; 可调控通风管路基下面的冻土平均温度降到 -1 ℃时的时间比普通通风管路基要早, 说明可调控通风管路基具有较好的降温速度和降温效果.     

多年冻土区管道通风路基温度边界条件及温度场实测研究

管道通风路基在多年冻土地区是一种良好的主动保护冻土工程措施,但在应用数值方法研究其长期效果中,对边界条件的选取存在着困难,已有的计算结果也缺乏实体工程的验证.基于青藏铁路北麓河实体试验工程,对通风管中气温以及管壁温度进行了分析和拟合.结果表明:通风管中气温年平均值普遍高于环境气温,平均高出1.6~1.8℃,但在正温期管中气温与环境气温的最高值相差不大(<1℃),而负温期相差较大(达到2℃);路基阳坡面下0.5 m深度地温高于阴坡面3.5~5.5℃.普通路基填筑后在抬升多年上限的同时,也升高了上限附近的地温,且地温场在整个范围内表现出横向上显著的不对称性.通风路基可以对下伏多年冻土起到良好的主动保护作用,表现为冻土上限的抬升和地温的降低.但通风管埋设位置较高的情况下,路基地温场横向不对称范围涉及到原地面以下.降低通风管的埋设高度的情况下,边坡面换热导致的温度横向不对称范围被限制在通风管以上的土体中,而下部土体温度场横向不对称性将得到极大改善.     

青藏铁路可调式通风管路基的数值仿真分析

Finite Element Method has been used to operate the numerical analysis and comparison between the traditional ventilated embankment and the adjustable ventilated embankment adopted in Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction. The numerical results show that: 1) The adjustable ventilated embankments can prevent the thermal entry from air into ducts during summer from thawing the permafrost beneath the embankments; 2) The cooling effects of the adjustable ventilated embankments on permafrost is much better than the traditional ventilated embankments although two kinds of embankments can generate the thawing bulbs at the beginning of finishing construction; 3) The drop of the mean temperature of permafrost under the adjustable ventilated embankments keeps faster than that of the mean temperature of permafrost under the traditional ventilated embankments. It is clear that the adjustable ventilated embankments can keep the embankment more stable than the traditional ventilated embankments.     

青藏铁路通风路基边界条件研究

In permafrost regions, many methods about active cooling embankment are put forward, one of these representations is ventilated embankment, its cooling effect is the result of the air convection in the duct, and this leads to reducing the annual average ground temperature. The present work in this article is to determine the boundary conditions of the ventilated embankment and natural ground in numerical work. There are several effects which influence boundary conditions, they are: radiation, evaporation,phase change, convection and embankment material etc. Radiation and convection are the main effects in those. We mainly consider sun radiation in this article. The added-surface effect in ventilated embankment lowers its temperature, so the temperature on the wall of the ventilated embankment is different from the temperature in atmosphere. There are two methods in determining the surface temperature, experimental method and experiential method. Detailed research is discussed in the article.     

Regime shifts in the North Pacific simulated by a COADS-driven Isopycnal model

The Miami Isopycnal Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM) is adopted to simulate the intevdecadal variability in the Pacific Ocean with most emphasis on regime shifts in the North Pacific. The computational domain covers 60°N to 40°S with an enclosed boundary condition for momentum flux, whereas there are thermohalirie fluxes across the southern end as a restoring term. In addition, sea surface salinity of the model relaxes to the climatological season cycle, which results in climatological fresh water fluxes. Surface forcing functions from January 1945 through December 1998 are derived from the Comprehensive Ocean and Atmospheric Data Set (COADS). Such a numerical experiment reproduces the observed evolution of the interdecadal variability in the heat content over the upper 400-m layer by a two-year lag. Subduction that occurs at the ventilated thermocline in the central North Pacific is also been simulated and the subducted signals propagate from 35°N to 25°N, taking about 8 to 10 years, in agreement wit