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Complex flows in heterogeneous confined and unconfined aquifers is a phenomenon that continues to present difficulties in flow mapping and modelling in the field, laboratory, and through numerical simulations. It is often the case with complicated phenomena that transformative scaling and reduction of the problem through symmetry is of great efficacy in the formation of predictive models in both the laboratory and computational settings. A detailed a study of the application of a broad class of Lie scaling transformations on a set of equations representing the groundwater flows in heterogeneous confined and unconfined aquifers has produced a set of scaling relationships between the spatial variables, hydrologic variables, and parameters. The set of scaling transformations preserve the structure of the equations in the sense that the scaling transformations leave the initial‐boundary value system representing the invariant groundwater flows. This theoretical approach elucidates not only the scaling relationships but also the properties that hydrologic variables and parameters must satisfy in order for calling to be possible. Validation of the theory developed is carried out through a series of four numerical simulations using the USGS modflow ‐2005 software package. The results of these experiments demonstrate that the derived scaling transformations can effectively form predictive models of large‐scale phenomena at small scales with negligible error in many cases. Comments on the limitations of the approach and directions for future research are made in the closing sections. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Geotechnical properties of a chemically stabilized soil from Malaysia with rice husk ash as an additive 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary The stabilization of Malaysian soil by mixing with rice husk ash, a locally available waste material, to improve its engineering properties is described. Stabilizing agents, i.e. cement and lime, were added to produce the reaction products which are responsible for the enhancement of the engineering properties. Based on the strength development, it seems that lime is the more effective stabilizing agent. However, the cheap waste material can be used as partial replacement for the more expensive cement in the cement-treatment of the soil. A durability study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of this stabilization method. 相似文献
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根据土水势能原理,在试验、监测资料基础上,建立活塞武、扩散式两种入渗补给模型和单一入渗、单一蒸发及入渗蒸发三个子模型,与此相应地建立了积水模型法,表面通量法,毛细带上缘通量法和零通量面法的数学模型,描述入渗补给的时、空变化过程,计算降雨入渗补给量,从土水势能观点提出降雨入渗补给的物理机制,并在实际应用中得到了证实。 相似文献
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Mohamad Tarmizi Mohamad ZULKIFLEY Tham Fatt NG John Kuna RAJ Roslan HASHIM Muhammad Aqeel ASHRAF 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(3):894-914
Field surveys indicate lateral variation in peat humification levels (von Post) in dominantly occurring fibric,fibric to hemic,sapric and hemie to sapric peats across a gradient from the margin towards the centre of tropical lowland peat domes.Cement-peat stabilisation can be enhanced by adding mineral soil fillers (silt,clays and fine sands) obtained from Quaternary floodplain deposits and residual soil (weathered schist).The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the stabilised cement-mineral soil fifler-peat mix increases with the increased addition of selected mineral soil filler.Lateral variation in the stabilised peat strength (UCS) in the top 0 to 0.5 m layer was found from the margin towards the centre of the tropical lowland peat dome.The variations in the UCS of stabilised tropical lowland peats along a gradient from the periphery towards the centre of the peat dome are most likely caused by a combination of factors due to variations in the mineral soil or ash content of the peat and horizontal zonation or lateral variation in the dominant species of the plant assemblages (due to successive vegetation zonation of the peat swamp forest from the periphery towards the centre of the tropical lowland peat dome). 相似文献
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A practical and efficient numerical scheme for the analysis of steady state unconfined seepage flows
The scaled boundary finite‐element method (SBFEM), a novel semi‐analytical technique, is applied to the analysis of the confined and unconfined seepage flow. This method combines the advantages of the finite‐element method and the boundary element method. In this method, only the boundary of the domain is discretized; no fundamental solution is required, and singularity problems can be modeled rigorously. Anisotropic and nonhomogeneous materials satisfying similarity are modeled without additional efforts. In this paper, SBFE equations and solution procedures for the analysis of seepage flow are outlined. The accuracy of the proposed method in modeling singularity problems is demonstrated by analyzing seepage flow under a concrete dam with a cutoff at heel. As only the boundary is discretized, the variable mesh technique is advisable for modeling unconfined seepage analyses. The accuracy, effectiveness, and efficiency of the method are demonstrated by modeling several unconfined seepage flow problems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A thorough understanding of rainfall recharge processes and their controlling factors is essential for management of groundwater systems. This study investigates the effects of various meteorological and hydrogeological factors on the gross recharge percentages, the rainfall–recharge relationships and the recharge threshold values for unconfined sandy aquifers under an equatorial climate. Among the meteorological factors investigated, rainfall intensity was found to have the most significant impact on the gross recharge rate. The effects of potential evaporation rate, relative humidity and air temperature on the gross recharge percentage were significant when the vadose zone thickness is larger than 2·5 m. The recharge threshold values were found to depend strongly on the vadose zone thickness. The rainfall–recharge relationships could generally be well defined by a normal–log relationship. The rainfall–recharge relationships derived here are applicable to yield estimates of gross recharge percentages for unconfined sandy aquifers under an equatorial climate, using rainfall intensity and vadose zone thickness as input variables. In this study, a theory was developed and validated to provide physical explanations for the observations, based on the residence time of the percolated rainwater within the vadose zone. Among the soil hydraulic parameters tested, porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity were found to have the most pronounced effects on the gross recharge percentage. Utilizing the sensitivity results and the theory derived, an approach was developed for extending the application of the derived rainfall–recharge relationships to other sand textures. The approach was found to be capable of producing rough and fast estimations of gross recharge percentage for other sand textures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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不同温控曲线对石灰改良黄土强度影响研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
青海季节性冻土地区工程建设受冻融循环作用和黄土湿陷性的双重影响,工程上常采用石灰与黄土拌和作为垫层材料以满足工程要求,但冻融循环作用依旧对地基土体的性能有所影响。为探究青海季节性地区气候变化对地基土所带来的不利影响,采用3种温控曲线(1#、2#和3#温控曲线)模拟了青海季节性冻土地区气候变化规律,通过无侧限抗压强度试验和SEM等微观试验,分析不同温控曲线对2∶8、3∶7灰土强度和微观结构的变化规律。结果表明3∶7和2∶8灰土的应力-应变关系均呈现应变软化型,0~6次冻融过程中试样的无侧限抗压强度随着冻融循环次数的增加逐渐降低,继续增加冻融循环次数后其强度有所上升;冻融循环6次时灰土内部孔隙分布相较于冻融20次时多,且随着冻融循环次数的增加颗粒间接触方式由点-点、点-面接触向面-面接触转变;1#温控曲线的微观定量参数较2#、3#温控曲线变化明显,经历1#曲线时试样内部孔隙更为圆滑,结构排列疏松,1#温控曲线对试样结构和强度的影响程度相对较弱。 相似文献