蒙脱石与滑石矿物对菲吸附-解吸行为的对比研究

采用批量处理平衡实验,考察蒙脱石与滑石矿物对菲的吸附解吸行为。采用Henry和Freundlich方程对其吸附等温线进行分析比较,并着重考察软阳离子K+对上述两种矿物吸附菲的影响机制。研究结果表明:蒙脱石对菲的吸附等温线表现出明显的非线性,吸附/解吸有滞后现象,Freundlich方程最符合其吸附/解吸曲线;滑石吸附菲的能力较之蒙脱石的强,且吸附呈线性,其吸附曲线与Henry方程吻合程度最好。此外,随着溶液中K+离子浓度增加,蒙脱石吸附菲的能力增强,而滑石吸附菲的能力减弱,说明软阳离子K+对蒙脱石吸附菲有明显的强化作用,而对滑石吸附菲却有抑制作用。说明黏土矿物内部结构与表面理化性质控制着污染物的吸附-解吸环境行为,从而影响着PAHs等污染物的迁移转化。     

Phosphorus sorption-desorption characteristics of ditch sediments from different land uses in a small headwater catchment in the central Sichuan Basin of China

Investigation of phosphorus (P) sorption-desorption characteristics of drainage ditch sediments is important for better understanding on sediment P transport behaviors in ditches. Surface ditch sediment samples were collected from headwater sub-catchment of forestland, sloping cropland, paddy field, and residential area in a representative catchment in the central Sichuan Basin. These sediment samples were used for determination of P sorption-desorption characteristics by a batch equilibrium technique. Results showed that the maximum P sorption capacities (Qm) in the sediments ranged from 159.7 to 263.7 mg/kg, while higher Qm were observed in the ditch sediments from the paddy fields. The Qm was significantly and positively correlated with oxalate-extractable Fe and Al oxides (r=0.97 and 0.98, p < 0.01), clay fraction (r = 0.78, p < 0.05) and organic matter (r = 0.95, p < 0.01). Sediment pH, clay and organic matter influenced the P sorption through amorphous Fe and Al oxides. CaCO3 content was negatively correlated with the Qm (r = -0.83, p < 0.05), implying that saturated CaCO3 (> 50 g/kg) would not increase P sorption capacity in the ditch sediments. The ditch sediments featured a linear desorption curve, suggesting that P release risk would be enhanced with the increase of the P adsorption. The P desorption rate was positively correlated with Olsen P (r = 0.94, p < 0.01), but negatively related to the fine particle-size fractions (r = -0.92, p < 0.01), the sum of the amorphous Fe and Al oxides (r = -0.67, p < 0.05) and the P sorption capacity (r = -0.59, p < 0.05). The ditch sediments from residential area had a higher P release risk than that from the other ditches of forestland, sloping cropland and paddy field. The P sorption index (PSI) derived from single-point measurement was significantly correlated with the P sorption capacity (r = 0.99, p < 0.01), and could be used for estimating Qm as 1.64 times PSI plus 24.0 (Qm = 1.64 PSI + 24.0) for similar sediments with highly calcareous soils and sediments. Ditch cleaning and sediment removal for the ditch in residential area were recommended in this area to reduce the P release risk.     

鄂尔多斯盆地陆相页岩微观孔隙类型及对页岩气储渗的影响

为深入研究鄂尔多斯陆相页岩储层微观孔隙特征及成藏地质意义,特选取了延长矿区本溪组、山西组、延长组长7、长9段的页岩钻井岩心进行了氩离子抛光扫描电镜实验、压汞实验、氦气吸脱附实验以及相关的地化等实验,实现了对孔隙特征从电镜下直观观察到吸脱附实验间接定性反映,以及对孔隙结构从宏孔到微孔的定量测试。研究结果表明,鄂尔多斯陆相页岩存在粒间孔、粒内孔、晶间孔、溶蚀孔、有机孔及微裂缝共6种微观孔隙类型。其中粒间孔、粒内孔普遍存在,且以黏土矿物聚合体粒间孔和层间粒内孔最为发育,粒间孔孔径多在微纳米级,粒内孔多在几十个纳米内;晶间孔和溶蚀孔仅少量存在于某些特定矿物中,孔径多为纳米级;有机孔相对不发育,以赋存于黏附结合态有机质中且呈凹坑状、片麻状有机孔为特征,孔径多在20nm以内;微裂缝少量存在,多为脆性矿物裂开缝或大型贯通式裂缝。另外,分析得出黏土矿物集合体粒间孔和层间粒内孔对研究区页岩气的赋存和运移贡献最大且是储层各向异性(渗透性)的主要控制因素,晶间孔及溶蚀孔次之;有机孔因相对不发育,可能贡献较小。同时微裂缝的影响不容忽视,是沟通宏孔与中孔的主要微通道。