软阳离子钾改性蒙脱石矿物对硝基苯的强化吸附实验研究

考察软阳离子钾改性蒙脱石在K+存在的条件下对硝基苯的强化吸附行为,详细分析比较了Henry和Fre-undlich方程对硝基苯吸附等温线的拟合结果,同时还进行了吸附热力学研究。实验结果表明,软阳离子钾对蒙脱石吸附硝基苯具有强化作用;硝基苯在蒙脱石上的吸附符合Freundlich和Henry方程,两模型方程线性拟合结果的相关系数均在0.96以上。热力学分析结果表明,硝基苯在蒙脱石上的吸附过程是一个自发的放热过程,说明蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附主要由分配与EDA作用机制所控制。钾离子存在可为硝基苯吸附营造有利场所,不仅改善准入条件,同时增加某些吸附点位,从而促进并强化蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附。     

针铁矿和蒙脱石对菲的吸附解吸行为与热力学研究

采用批量振荡吸附平衡法设计针铁矿和蒙脱石对菲的吸附解吸试验,对比研究了针铁矿和蒙脱石对菲的吸附解吸行为,并考察了不同K＋浓度的溶液对蒙脱石吸附菲的影响,比较分析了线性吸附模型和Freundlich吸附模型描述矿物吸附等温线的准确性,并从吸附热力学角度探讨了矿物的吸附机理。结果表明：针铁矿和蒙脱石对菲的吸附解吸均表现出明显的非线性和解吸滞后现象;相对于线性吸附模型来说,针铁矿和蒙脱石对菲的吸附解吸更符合Freundiich吸附模型;与蒙脱石相比,针铁矿对菲的吸附更为显著,且具有更好的稳定性;溶液中软阳离子K＋的存在使蒙脱石对菲的吸附能力得到显著提高;菲在蒙脱石和针铁矿上的吸附过程是一个自发放热,同时伴随着熵值减小的过程;随着温度的升高,蒙脱石和针铁矿对菲的吸附能力均减弱。     

蒙脱石对盐酸四环素吸附特性的实验研究

基于当前发生的抗生素污染环境严峻问题,本文开展高活性粘土矿物蒙脱石吸附水中盐酸四环素(TC)的实验研究。采用批处理吸附实验方法,着重考查溶液初始TC浓度、初始pH值、电解质的阳离子类型及其浓度等对蒙脱石吸附性能的影响。结果显示,蒙脱石对TC的吸附行为可用Freundlich吸附等温线进行描述,并表现出显著的非线性特征;Langmuir方程确定其最大吸附量为625 mg/g;在较强酸性介质条件下(pH=2～4)蒙脱石对TC的吸附能力最强,其次为弱酸性-弱碱性环境(pH=5～9);不同阳离子类型也能显著影响蒙脱石对TC的吸附,表现为阳离子价态越高,对TC吸附的影响程度越明显。蒙脱石可被认为是一种TC的高效吸附剂,应用于盐酸四环素污染废水的处理过程。     

改性蒙脱石吸附水中氟离子的实验研究

制备四种改性蒙脱石，并利用X射线衍射分布和化学成分分析方法对其进行了表征，选用其中两种对水中的氟离子进行了吸附试验，通过正交实验确定了它们吸附氟离子的适宜条件及吸附等温线（25℃）。结果表明，制备的改性蒙脱石具有很强的吸附氟离子的能力，在pH分别为5和4时的除氟效果最好，吸附等温线符合Freundlich型吸附等温线方程。     

钾化蒙脱石对硝基苯的强化吸附机理研究

测定分析蒙脱石的孔隙结构及化学组成,采用批量平衡实验研究了改性后蒙脱石对硝基苯(NB)的吸附特性,并从动力学及热力学角度探讨了NB的强化吸附作用机理。研究结果表明,吸附过程符合伪二级动力学方程,反应经过快速吸附、减速吸附和平衡吸附3个阶段,12 h达到吸附平衡。K+-蒙脱石对NB的吸附符合Henry方程,吸附过程主要由分配作用所致,随着改性的K+浓度越高,离子强度增强,EDA作用效果显著。另外,K+-蒙脱石对NB的吸附是一个放热过程,在303～323 K范围内,反应的吉布斯自由能变小,吸附反应为自发过程。     

1,2-二氯乙烷和1,2-二氯丙烷在某污染场地包气带的吸附-解吸特性

1,2-二氯乙烷(1,2-DCA)和1,2-二氯丙烷(1,2-DCP)是某污染场地地下水中检出最高的挥发性有机污染物。文中采用批试验方法,研究污染场地包气带中三种不同深度土壤样品对1,2-DCA和1,2-DCP的吸附-解吸特性。结果表明:土壤中有机质决定其吸附行为,三种土壤对1,2-DCA和1,2-DCP的吸附符合Henry线性等温方程,分配系数在20.49～22.43L.kg-1,1,2-DCA和1,2-DCP在三种土壤中分别具有相似的吸附能力;同一土壤中两种目标污染物的吸附能力为Kd(1,2-DCA)>Kd(1,2-DCP),但差别不大。1,2-DCA和1,2-DCP在三种土壤中的解吸可用Freundlich等温方程拟合,解吸的难易程度与土壤中黏粒含量相关,黏粒含量越高,目标污染物的解吸越困难,第三层(地下4.9～5.1m)土壤的防污能力较强;两种污染物在三种土壤中的解吸都存在明显的滞后效应,1,2-DCP的滞后指数比1,2-DCA的大。     

TDTMA+-柱撑蒙脱石吸附硝基苯的实验研究

以阳离子表面活性剂(十四烷基三甲基溴化铵,TDTMBA)为柱撑剂,在不同浓度条件下(0.2 CEC～2.5 CEC)制备了一系列柱撑蒙脱石,并通过XRD对有机蒙脱石进行表征,研究季铵盐离子在层间的排列结构.同时针对TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附进行研究.实验结果表明,吸附去除率受硝基苯的初始浓度、反应时间等因素的影响,而与pH值没有太大的关系.经过柱撑改性后,粘土对硝基苯的吸附能力较原土有了明显的提高.随着层间柱撑浓度的增大,柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附量也增大.另外钙基蒙脱石和平卧双层,倾斜单层以及倾斜双层的结构的TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附等温线符Freundlich和Langmuir等温方程,假三层结构的TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附等温线符合Linear等温方程,这表明前者是以表面吸附为主,后者是以分配作用为主.     

氧四环素在典型土壤中的吸附/解吸行为及其吸附态生物有效性研究

采用批平衡实验方法,研究了氧四环素(oxytetracycline,OTC)在褐土、红壤与森林土壤中的吸附/解吸行为,同时以大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli ATCC 25922,E.coli ATCC 25922)作为实验菌株,研究了土壤吸附态的氧四环素的生物活性。结果表明,Freundlich和Langmuir模型均可以对OTC在三种土壤中的吸附和解吸曲线数据进行良好的拟合,OTC在褐土中的吸附/解吸等温线呈线性,而在红壤与森林土壤中的吸附/解吸等温线呈非线性,且Langmuir方程拟合效果优于Freundlich方程。OTC在三种土壤上的解吸过程均存在明显的滞后性。土壤吸附态抗生素对细菌生长的抑制作用表明,OTC与土壤发生吸附作用之后,依然具有生物有效性。     

斜发沸石对钾离子的吸附/解吸动力学研究

以KCl为钾源、新疆某地所产斜发沸石为吸附剂,研究斜发沸石对K+的动力吸附与解吸效果,并探讨吸附时间、K+初始浓度与吸附量的关系。用pH=5的HCl溶液和(Ca2++Mg2+)浓度/(mmol.L-1)为1.6,3.2,6.4,12.8,19.2,25.6的混合溶液对饱和吸附了K+的斜发沸石进行解吸,实验结果表明:沸石对K+的吸附在4min能达到最大吸附率的96%,30min内达到平衡。Langmuir吸附等温式能对吸附曲线进行很好的描述。单位质量沸石对K+的最大吸附量为44.53×10-3,以阳离子交换吸附为主。pH=5的HCl溶液对K+的解吸量最小,随解吸溶液中(Ca2++Mg2+)浓度增加,解吸滞后系数减小,解吸速率远小于吸附速率。解吸量的自然对数与解吸时间的自然对数呈现明显的线性关系,用指数方程对(Ca2++Mg2+)浓度为25.6mmol/L的解吸曲线进行拟合,R=0.998,拟合方程为qt=3.890t0.210。理论上将吸附的K+全部解吸出来需要74.4d。     

五氯苯酚在矿物表面吸附——实验、表面反应模式及其环境意义

利用批量平衡技术研究了石英、高岭石、伊利石、蒙脱石和铁氧化物对五氯苯酚(PCP)吸附的pH关系等温线和浓度关系等温线,发现所有矿物的pH关系等温线都表现出典型的峰形曲线特征,峰位在pH=5～6之间,依矿物不同而不同。基于矿物表面羟基位化合态和PCP的化合态考虑,提出一种包含表面络合反应和表面静电吸附反应的模式,对pH关系等温线计算拟合发现有很好的相关性。模式计算还表明,石英和层状硅酸盐矿物对PCP吸附以表面络合反应为主,而氧化铁矿物则包含表面络合反应和表面静电吸附反应,但以后者占主导,其反应平衡常数比前者大1～3个数量级。高岭石和氧化铁矿物的浓度吸附等温线可用Langmuir方程很好拟合,最大吸附量的大小顺序是赤铁矿>纤铁矿>针铁矿>高岭石>石英>蒙脱石≈伊利石,并可以用矿物表面羟基位浓度和反应机制加以解释。PCP在矿物表面可观的吸附量说明矿物表面吸附对憎水性可离解有机化合物(HIOCs)在天然水相体系和沉积中的迁移转化过程起着相当重要的作用。     

CBs在沉积物上的吸附-解吸行为

采用批量平衡实验,研究了氯苯、1,4-二氯苯、1,2,4-三氯苯和1,2,4,5-四氯苯4种氯苯类化合物（CBs）在含不同特性的自然有机质（NOM）的5种沉积物上的吸附．解吸行为。研究结果表明,所有吸附等温线均表现出明显的非线性和吸附-解吸滞后现象。1,2,4-三氯苯在不同沉积物上吸附等温线的非线性程度以及在沉积物上解吸滞后效应都随着沉积物NON聚合度的增加而增大。另外,CBs溶质分子本身的性质也影响着其在沉积物上的吸附．解吸性能。4种CBs在同一种沉积物上吸附等温线的非线性程度及其解吸滞后系数按氯苯、1,4-二氯苯、1,2,4-三氯苯、1,2,4,5-四氯苯的顺序依次减弱,说明CBs的分子尺寸越大,其在沉积物上的吸附非线性程度和解吸滞后现象也越弱。     

煤中干酪根的成熟度与菲的吸附行为间的关系

将云南先锋褐煤采用热模拟的实验方法制得一组成熟度不同的煤,并将煤中的干酪根用于对菲的吸附研究.结果表明:随着干酪根成熟度的增加,有机质结构变得紧密、刚硬,还原性和芳香性增强.不同成熟度干酪根的内部结构和性质与菲的吸附行为间存在一定的关系.随着干酪根内部结构的刚性和芳香性的增强,吸附等温线的非线性逐渐增强.对于成熟度相对较低的干酪根,随着成熟度的增加,吸附容量逐渐增大,而对于成熟度相对较高的干酪根,随着成熟度的增加,吸附容量却减小.     

Sorption kinetics of naphthalene and phenanthrene in loess soils

A laboratory study was executed to investigate the effect of surfactants to enhance sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminants in loess soil. Phenanthrene and naphthalene were chosen as organic contaminant indicators in loess soil modified by the cation surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) bromide. The kinetic behavior of sorption during transport in natural and modified loess soil was studied. The results indicated that sorption rate in the cation surfactant modified loess soils was at least 3 times faster than that of the natural soil. A first-order kinetics model fitted the sorption data well for both soils. The sorption rates of the two organic compounds were related to their primary residual quantity on the soils. The experiments showed that sorption amounts approached constant values approximately within 30 and 90 min for naphthalene and phenanthrene at 298–318 K, respectively. The rate constants, however, displayed negative correlation with increasing temperature. With changing temperature, the activation energy was calculated at –6.196–1.172 kJ/mol for naphthalene and –28.86–15.70 kJ/mol for phenanthrene at 298–318 K. The results can be used to predict the sorption kinetics of phenanthrene and naphthalene in loess soils, and in a wider perspective, be used to better understand the transport of petroleum contaminants in the soil environment.     

Effects of geosorbent and solution properties on sorption and desorption of PAHs

Characteristics of phenanthrene and pyrene’s sorption and desorption on two local soils in solutions of simulated groundwater, simulated lung fluid, and simulated saliva were studied with batch equilibrium experiments to understand the fate of PAHs in the karst region of southwestern China and to assess the environmental exposure and the health risk of PAHs. The results showed that the sorption and desorption isotherms of phenanthrene and pyrene on two target soils in the three solution systems could be adequately described by the Freundlich model, while the fitted isotherm parameters for the simulated groundwater solution distinguished notably from those for the simulated body fluid solutions. For the sorption experiments, in the simulated groundwater, the n values were 0.722 and 0.672 for phenanthrene and were 0.724 and 0.663 for pyrene, respectively, on the yellow soil and the limestone soil; The log K_F values were 3.118 and 3.323 for phenanthrene and were 3.648 and 3.846 for pyrene, respectively, on the yellow soil and the limestone soil. In the simulated body fluids, the n values for phenanthrene and pyrene ranged from 0.622 to 0.836 and from 0.590 to 0.865, respectively, and the log K_F values of phenanthrene and pyrene ranged from 2.845 to 3.327 and from 3.344 to 3.779, respectively. For the desorption experiments, in the simulated groundwater, the n values were 0.662 and 0.744 for phenanthrene and were 0.702 and 0.647 for pyrene, respectively, on the yellow soil and the limestone soil. The log K_F values were 3.666 and 3.686 for phenanthrene and were 4.128 and 4.225 for pyrene, respectively, on the yellow soil and the limestone soil. In the simulated body fluids, the n values for phenanthrene and pyrene ranged from 0.612 to 0.668 and from 0.631 to 0.819, respectively, and the log K_F values of phenanthrene and pyrene ranged from 3.134 to 3.407 and from 3.533 to 3.839, respectively. The limestone soil had relatively higher log K_F values but lower K_OC values compared to those of the yellow soil, indicated that the nature of sorbent soils played the dominant role in sorption and desorption behaviors of PAHs. The experimental results showed a remarkable differences in sorption and desorption behaviors of PAHs in simulated body fluids and groundwater. The nonlinearities of measured isotherms and the measured sorption capacities of soils in simulated body fluids were significantly lower than corresponding those in the simulated groundwater, and HI values for simulated body fluids systems were significantly smaller than corresponding those for the simulated groundwater systems. The results underscore cautions in assessing environmental exposure and health risks of PAHs based on their sorption–desorption data in simulated groundwater as this is traditionally done.

     

富含Na+ 、Ca2+、Al3+、Cr3+蒙脱石对垃圾渗滤液中有机物的吸附

由于层间含有高价态金属阳离子的蒙脱石对特定有机物的吸附能力可大大增强,故分别用层间含有Na+、Ca2+、Al3+和Cr3+的蒙脱石对垃圾渗滤液中的有机物进行吸附实验,研究它们吸附苯酚、二甲苯和COD的能力及离子形态对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,含高价金属阳离子的蒙脱石对苯酚和COD的吸附能力较高,吸附能力由小到大的顺序为Na+<Ca2+<Al3+<Cr3+蒙脱石;各种类型蒙脱石对二甲苯的吸附能力相对较低,并且没有一定的规律可循.并对氢键吸附机制进行了探讨.     

富含Na~ 、Ca~(2 )、Al~(3 )、Cr~(3 )蒙脱石对垃圾渗滤液中有机物的吸附

由于层间含有高价态金属阳离子的蒙脱石对特定有机物的吸附能力可大大增强 ,故分别用层间含有Na 、Ca2 、Al3 和Cr3 的蒙脱石对垃圾渗滤液中的有机物进行吸附实验 ,研究它们吸附苯酚、二甲苯和COD的能力及离子形态对吸附效果的影响。结果表明 ,含高价金属阳离子的蒙脱石对苯酚和COD的吸附能力较高 ,吸附能力由小到大的顺序为 :Na 相似文献   

The effect of fulvic acid on the sorption of actinides and fission products on granite and selected minerals

Organic material is present at low concentrations, typically 1–2 mg/l in terms of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), in groundwaters deep in granitic rock. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic acids may complex inorganic contaminants and change their sorption behaviour on geological materials. This report describes a series of experiments performed under aerobic conditions to investigate the effects of fulvic acid over a concentration range of 0–5 mg/I DOC on the sorption of⁸⁵Sr,¹³⁷Cs,²³³U,²³⁸Pu and²⁴¹'Am by crushed granite, biotite, goethite, montmorillonite and quartz. In addition, similar solutions were used to study the effects of dissolved fulvic acid on the sorption of⁹⁹Tc and¹²⁵I on each of the above solids except quartz. The fulvic acid was extracted from groundwater collected at a depth of 240 m in the granitic rock of the Underground Research Laboratory near Lac du Bonnet, Manitoba.In all experiments, the sorption of the fulvic acid by the geological materials was in the order goethite montmorillonite > biotite > granite > quartz. No sorption of Tc was observed from any of the solutions on any of the solids. Low sorption of I on montmorillonite occurred in the presence of the dissolved organic material. No sorption of I was observed with the other solids used. Only montmorillonite sorbed any appreciable amount of Sr in this study with the fulvic acid having no effect on this sorption. All the solids except quartz sorbed substantial amounts of Cs, but sorption was not affected by the organic material in solution. Each of the solids sorbed U with no difference in sorption observed due to the dissolved organic. In general, Pu sorption decreased as the concentration of dissolved fulvic acid increased. However, sorption of Pu on quartz remained at approximately the same levels regardless of the concentration of organic in solution. Generally high sorption of Am was found. Lowest sorption of Am on all solids occurred from the solution with the highest concentration of fulvic acid. Sorption of Am on granite decreased as the concentration of the organic in solution increased.This study indicated that, under aerobic conditions, the effect of dissolved organic material on sorption of radioisotopes depends on the radioisotope in question and the concentration of the organic in solution.     

Oxytetracycline sorption onto Iraqi montmorillonite

This paper assesses the use of certified Iraqi montmorillonite clay as a potential sorbent for the removal of oxytetracycline (OTC) from aqueous solutions. The clay is characterized by a cation exchange capacity of 0.756 meq g^?1 and a zero point charge at pH 8.7. Aqueous solutions of OTC were equilibrated with montmorillonite under various experimental conditions, such as OTC concentration, pH and clay content, for 24 h at fixed ionic strength. Two forms of montmorillonite were evaluated: regular and iron-modified form. The effect of pH was minor on OTC adsorption. Kinetic study revealed that the sorption follows a pseudo-second-order model. Sorption isotherm showed a good fit with the Freundlich model. OTC sorption onto Fe-saturated montmorillonite was analyzed statistically using a response surface design to study the effects of experimental conditions. The introduction of iron improved the adsorption characteristics of the clay due to the ability of ferric ions to make stable complexes with OTC. The most favorable operating conditions for the treatment were deemed as follows: clay content, 6.85 g L^?1, oxytetracycline concentration, 1.0 mmol L^?1 and pH, 5.5 for the iron-modified form.