麻江古油藏油源识别与油气运聚分析：来自油气地球化学的证据

充分考虑热演化过程中烃源岩干酪根、族组分、固体沥青及正构烷烃碳同位素相互关系及变化规律,通过地球化学分析并结合前人碳同位素及芳烃标志物研究进行综合分析,结果表明古油藏各区域储层早期均存在下寒武统黑色泥岩来源,后期来源有较大差别,麻江古背斜以南各地沥青均不同程度与中寒武统都柳江组有关,北凯里液态原油及油苗为五峰组及龙马溪组印支期成藏产物,其保存环境为储层早期成岩过程中形成的独立封闭系统。在油源识别的基础上,结合构造地质背景、油气成藏条件及流体活动规律分析,认为黔南坳陷及邻区下寒武统、都柳江组、五峰组及龙马溪组烃源岩的分布控制了该区油气富集规律,黔南海西期断裂系统与加里东运动形成的不整合面构成不同期次油气运聚的输导系统,海西期形成的一系列正断裂是麻江古油藏成藏的关键。     

雪峰隆起西南缘古应力特征及其石油地质意义

在野外地质调查、平衡剖面分析的基础上, 结合区域构造演化, 采用岩石声发射法对雪峰隆起西南缘的最大古应力进行了恢复, 并探讨了古应力大小与油气成藏破坏的关系。研究结果表明, 研究区共经历了5期不同强度的重要构造变革运动。在早古生代末期和印支期构造运动较弱, 声发射法的测量表明古应力值分别为13.3 MPa和24 MPa, 对应于麻江古油藏的主要成藏期。构造运动次数较多或者古应力值较大的时期, 主要对应于麻江古油藏储集层的发育期和油藏大规模破坏期。晚古生代末期构造活动次数较少, 但恢复地古应力值较大, 为92.6 MPa; 燕山期和喜马拉雅期经历了多期构造活动, 恢复地古应力值为23.3~74.4 MPa。      

Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Fluid Inclusions and Their Significance for Evolution of Petroleum Systems in the Dabashan Foreland, Central China

Field investigation combined with detailed petrographic observation indicate that abundant oil,gas,and solid bitumen inclusions were entrapped in veins and cements of sedimentary rocks in the Dabashan foreland,which were used to reconstruct the oil and gas migration history in the context of tectonic evolution.Three stages of veins were recognized and related to the collision between the North China block and the Yangtze block during the Indosinian orogeny from Late Triassic to Early Jurassic(Dl),the southwest thrusting of the Qinling orogenic belt towards the Sichuan basin during the Yanshanian orogeny from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous(D2),and extensional tectonics during Late Cretaceous to Paleogene(D3),respectively.The occurrences of hydrocarbon inclusions in these veins and their homogenization temperatures suggest that oil was generated in the early stage of tectonic evolution,and gas was generated later,whereas solid bitumen was the result of pyrolysis of previously accumulated hydrocarbons.Three stages of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions were also identified in cements of carbonates and sandstones of gas beds in the Dabashan foreland belt and the Dabashan foreland depression(northeastern Sichuan basin),which recorded oil/gas formation,migration,accumulation and destruction of paleo-reservoirs during the D2.Isotopic analysis of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions contained in vein minerals shows that δ~(13)C_1 of gas in fluid inclusions ranges from-17.0‰ to-30.4‰(PDB) and δD from-107.7‰ to-156.7‰(SMOW),which indicates that the gas captured in the veins was migrated natural gas which may be correlated with gas from the gas-fields in northern Sichuan basin.Organic geochemical comparison between bitumen and potential source rocks indicates that the Lower Cambrian black shale and the Lower Permian black limestone were the most possible source rocks of the bitumen.Combined with tectonic evolution history of the Dabashan foreland,the results of this study suggest that oil was generated from the Paleozoic source rocks in the Dabashan area under normal burial thermal conditions before Indosinian tectonics and accumulated to form paleo-reservoirs during Indosinian collision between the North China block and the Yangtz block.The paleo-reservoirs were destroyed during the Yanshanian tectonic movement when the Dabashan foreland was formed.At the same time,oil in the paleo-reservoirs in the Dabashan foreland depression was pyrolyzed to transform to dry gas and the residues became solid bitumen.     

贵州仁怀县震旦系灯影组古油藏成藏条件 及油气地质意义

野外观察和研究表明,贵州仁怀县震旦系灯影组古油藏储层为一套碳酸盐台内浅滩环境沉积,主要岩性为砂屑云岩、鲕粒云岩、藻屑云岩和细晶云岩,沥青充填于白云岩晶间孔、粒间孔及岩石溶蚀孔洞内,呈黑色固态物质产出。固体沥青呈块状,质地坚硬,有污手性,镜下观察沥青具中间相结构和镶嵌状结构特征,实测沥青反射率为2.95%~3.86%,双反射明显,热演化程度高,显示储层在地质历史时期曾经遭受高温热演化作用。区域地质及沉积相分析认为,灯影组沉积晚期在上扬子地区存在一个边缘浅滩,并可能存在若干碳酸盐台内浅滩,这种沉积格局控制了滩相储层的发育与展布,震旦纪末期桐湾运动形成的古暴露对该套滩相沉积的颗粒云岩进行溶蚀改造,形成大量孔洞缝,并形成有利的储集体。震旦系陡山沱组和下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色页岩有机质丰度高、类型好,烃源岩的发育为古油藏的形成提供了丰富的物质基础,下寒武统巨厚的泥页岩组合为油气藏的形成提供了得天独厚的封盖条件,形成了良好的生储盖组合,灯影组和牛蹄塘组之间的不整合面提供了油气运移的通道,加里东运动早期黔中隆起的形成为油气聚集创造了条件。     

湖南凤凰县猴子坪汞矿床地质特征及辰砂晶体的观赏价值

猴子坪汞矿床主要赋存于中寒武统敖溪组上部微粒细晶纹层状、微细粒状白云岩内,产于轴向120°的平缓开阔的半背斜轴部,延伸深度大于1100 m,是湘黔汞矿带诸矿床中矿体延伸深度最大的汞矿床.产于其中的辰砂晶体,以其迷人的色泽和玲珑剔透、多彩多姿的形态,在观赏石矿物的晶体中价值不菲.研究表明,汞矿与古油气藏有着密切的空间关系,形成于油气藏演化的湿气阶段,二者具有同源同储的特点,在成矿机理上有许多相似之处.矿床最终就位于有利的沉积相区.     

秀山上寒武统古油藏地球化学特征及油源分析

秀山上寒武统古油藏沥青主要富集于耿家店组粗晶白云岩晶间孔、晶间溶孔及缝合线中,有机碳含量为3．43％～7．12％,显示其较高的沥青含量。受地表水淋滤氧化作用及微生物降解作用的影响,氯仿沥青“A”及热解烃含量较低,饱和烃含量较低,芳烃、非烃含量较高,轻重烃∑C21-／∑C21＋比值较低。固体碳同位素值具有明显的二分特征,范围分别为-26．7‰-25．6‰和-29．1‰-28．8‰,反映古油藏油气聚集成藏至少有两期,分别来源于不同有机质类型的母岩。根据生物标志化合物、δ13Corg及单体烃同位素对比分析,认为沥青分别来源于下寒武统黑色灰岩和黑色页岩。     

再论“麻江古油藏”烃源岩

目前,对麻江古油藏源岩的认识仍存在很大分歧.对研究区沥青与原油进行了岩石热解(Roek-Eval)、饱和烃色谱分析,并测定了正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成.结果显示,麻江、丹寨地区下奥陶统O1h+d的沥青成熟度明显高于凯里地区志留系翁项群(S2W),原油;麻江、丹寨地区O1d+h沥青的Pr/Ph峰面积比值＞1,而凯里地区S2...     

昌都盆地古油藏的流体包裹体证据

青藏高原隆升与油气保存是当今油气勘探理论与实践面临挑战课题之一。本文利用在昌都盆地采集的51块储层岩石样品,运用流体包裹体系统分析的技术和方法,不仅揭示了工区中生界三叠系和侏罗系在早侏罗世—早白垩世的前陆盆地发育阶段发生4期油气充注,形成了古油藏,而且这些古油藏在新生代的走滑拉分盆地发育阶段遭到破坏而演化成沥青砂岩。同时,在古生界—中生界储层检测到大量纯气相包裹体,并且与高温盐水包裹体共生,暗示工区晚期存在天然气运聚过程。由此认为,昌都盆地以寻找天然气为主;在盆地南部的芒康深凹陷中生界可能是天然气勘探的有利地区。     

张家界大坪镇灯影组古油藏特征及天然气勘探意义

野外调查揭示大坪镇灯影组古油藏为裂缝型古油藏,受到滑脱构造控制,裂缝主要分布在灯影组上部;沥青大量充填在裂缝中心,少量沿缝合线分布,或浸染白云岩。通过分析,沥青的δ13 Corg、V/(V+Ni)平均值分别为—33.27‰、0.89,与牛蹄塘组烃源岩非常接近,因此大坪古油藏的油源可能是寒武系牛蹄塘组斜坡相区和盆地相区烃源岩。古油藏裂隙石英脉/方解石脉流体包裹体均一温度和拉曼光谱成分指示了中侏罗世以来古油藏裂缝形成、油气充注、以及因大气水下渗遭受破坏的过程。分析认为大坪古油藏北侧桑植—石门复向斜地区震旦系灯影组埋深近4km,油气保存条件相对较好,且滑脱带上下岩性差异会造成灯影组裂隙发育,对储层有明显的改善作用,具有形成次生气藏的可能性。