The South East Regional Marine Plan: Implementing Australia's Oceans Policy

In 1998, the Australian Government released Australia's Oceans Policy (AOP), a world first policy initiative focused on providing a framework for integrated ecosystem-based management of Australia's vast marine domain. The South East Regional Marine Plan, the first regional marine plan to be implemented under AOP, was released on 21 May 2004. This paper argues that although full integration across sectors and jurisdictions has not occurred, new AOP initiatives, institutions and governance processes have considerably increased sectoral and jurisdictional coordination in the South East region.     

应用改进并行遗传算法反求水文地质参数研究

利用单纯形法局部搜索速度快和遗传算法全局寻优的特点,同时为了克服两种方法各自的弊病,提出采用混合单纯形技术的并行遗传算法(Hybrid Simplex Parallel Genetic Algorithm,SPGA)进行水文地质逆问题的求解。详细阐述了SPGA算法的具体操作和实现,并将该方法应用于水源地的地下水模拟反演中。计算结果表明,SPGA算法在水文地质参数寻优计算中具有比较好的可靠性和计算效率。     

建筑物沉降监测专家分析系统设计与开发

建筑物沉降监测数据分析与处理是一项较复杂的系统工程,本文从自动化处理观点出发,介绍了设计沉降监测专家分析系统的咨询新理念和主体思想,探讨了开发选用的数学模型与开发过程,以期为相关变形监测与分析提供帮助和启示.     

Agents of Eviction: The Squatter Control and Clearance Division of Hong Kong's Housing Department

More is known about the policies that produce forced evictions and their consequences than about the agencies whose responsibility it is to conduct them. Understanding the nature of forced evictions requires greater comprehension of responsible agencies since the ways in which they implement policies may be a crucial intervening variable influencing the outcomes. In this paper, I use documentary and ethnographic research to describe the Squatter Control and Clearance Division of the Hong Kong Housing Department. Responsible both for evicting squatters and for controlling squatter areas that are permitted to remain for the time being, officers must respond to the conflicts and challenges of their twin, partially conflicting, mandates. Examination of changes in squatter control and clearance practices since 1954 is followed by a brief case study of the most recent squatter clearance that occurred in July 2001.     

中国农情采样网络的组织与实施

首先分析了农情采样网络建设所面临的问题 ,确定了中国农情采样网络的采样目的主要是农作物分类成数调查 ,并将全国划分为 9个采样片分别组织采样队伍进行农情采样的方案。从采样片划分及调整、农情采样队伍建设、农情采样内容、采样频次和采样时间 ,以及质量控制等角度讨论了农情采样网络的组织建设工作。从技术培训、督促、野外采样、室内汇总、质量检查和年终总结等方面介绍了中国农情采样网络的实施情况。实践证明 ,文中介绍的农情采样方案效率高 ,成本低 ,仅用 9个专业小组就完成了全国的农情采样工作 ,是一种符合中国国情的农情采样方案 ,有一定的推广价值。     

Constitutive and numerical framework for modeling joints and faults in rock

A three‐dimensional constitutive model for joints is described that incorporates nonlinear elasticity based on volumetric elastic strain, and plasticity for both compaction and shear with emphasis on compaction. The formulation is general in the sense that alternative specific functional forms and evolution equations can be easily incorporated. A corresponding numerical structure based on finite elements is provided so that a joint width can vary from a fraction of an element size to a width that occupies several elements. The latter case is particularly appropriate for modeling a fault, which is considered simply to be a joint with large width. For small joint widths, the requisite equilibrium and kinematic requirements within an element are satisfied numerically. The result is that if the constitutive equation for either the joint or the rock is changed, the numerical framework remains unchanged. A unique aspect of the general formulation is the capability to handle either pre‐existing gaps or the formation of gaps. Representative stress–strain plots are given to illustrate both the features of the model and the effects of changes in values of material parameters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

模拟水深测量实习设计与实现

针对海洋测绘实践教学中,水深测量实习受场地、经费和安全因素影响大,难以开展的问题,设计并实现了模拟水深测量实习。该模拟实习能较为真实地模拟了水深测量的主要步骤,易于开展和推广。     

基于遥感的GEF海河项目实施效果评价

GEF海河项目于2011年完工,该项目在华北地区16个县市实施,惠及2 000多万人。本文从ET、地下水超采量削减、污染物排放量控制、地表水水资源量与利用量以及出入境水质水量5个方面对GEF海河项目实施效果进行了评价。结果表明,全流域ET值减少了68.4 mm,COD和NH3-N入河总量分别减少了36.8%和8.5%、入海总量分别减少了46.1%和36.4%,地表水资源量增加了8.94%,总用水量减少了1.99×108m3,生态环境用水量增加了7.77×108m3,河湖环境明显改善。     

Nonhumans in the practice of development: Material agency and friction in a small-scale energy program in Indonesia

We develop the outlines of a new approach to study the role of nonhumans in constituting ‘implementation’ and calculative–discursive practices in development projects and programs. Developing a framework around the concept of friction (material resistance or recalcitrance encountered in processes of transformation), we analyze an Energy Self-sufficient Village program in Indonesia. Focusing on specific projects and episodes within this program, we identify multiple distinctive instances of friction. These were driven by nonhumans’ (and humans’) resistance, as remolding of development beneficiaries’ practices was attempted by project administrators, government officials, entrepreneurs and by the (scientific) calculations embedded in their policies, strategies and models. In concluding, we distill four ways in which nonhumans relationally shape development practices: (a) by resisting representations and calculations produced by human actors, (b) by re-directing planned/expected courses of action, (c) through biophysical change to their weight or textures as they move in space and time, and (d) by mediating competition for resources. Overall, nonhumans play a central role in making and unmaking asymmetric relations of power in practice and by constituting practices that diverge from prior expectations, problematize linear understandings of ‘policy implementation’. Their material and discursive agency is multiple, manifesting differently in different relational settings, which highlights the importance of broadening the range of spokespersons who speak on behalf of nonhumans and whose voices can be considered reliable and true. Our study thus provides support to calls for pluralizing and democratizing development ‘expertise’ beyond the usual suspects in science, government and civil society.     

矿产地质勘查项目研判ABC

矿产地质勘查是高投入、高风险、高回报的投资活动,如何引进经济、优质的矿权是矿产地质勘查的先决条件和企业赖以发展的基础.对项目高效、快速、准确的研判是项目研发最重要的一步.文章把矿权分为3种矿权来源和4种项目类型.通过3种矿权来源点评和4种项目类型的剖析,探讨了项目研判的内容、研判的准则、研判的工作程序,把研判过程分为初判、普判、详判3个阶段.在此基础上研究了研判各阶段时间安排与具体工作内容,普判阶段编图方法、取样间距和取样方法,普判阶段工作量及费用概略估计,以及详判阶段的几个关键问题.