SRES A2 情景下中国区域性高温热浪事件变化特征

随全球变暖,应对高温热浪事件是未来现代化城市面临的难题之一。本文利用全球模式-HadAM3p提供的3组不同边界场和初始场驱动区域气候模式系统PRECIS的输出结果,模拟未来情景下中国区域性高温热浪事件发生频率、强度及持续时间的变化趋势。结果表明：全球PRECIS对基准时段（1961-1990年）的高温热浪事件的发生的频率、强度和持续时间及对应的大气环流特征具有较强的模拟能力。相对于基准时段,未来情景下未来时段（2071-2100年）中国各地区的高温热浪的强度增加,发生频率增幅超过了100 %,且持续时间增加30 %以上。此外,观测资料和模拟结果均表明武汉和哈尔滨地区的高温热浪与500 hPa高度场的正距平密切相关。而未来情景下,武汉和哈尔滨地区500 hPa高度场的正距平呈增加趋势,表明这些地区未来可能面临危害更严重的高温热浪事件。     

The production of meaning in outdoor recreation: A study of Norwegian practice

Outdoor recreation policy and management have largely been occupied by questions related to use patterns: who participates in which activities, where and when? However, it is commonly held that ideas and practices mutually influence each other. In outdoor recreation, it could be expected that the observable use patterns are influenced by the meaning recreationists ascribe to their activities. In this study 14 narratives of outdoor recreation practices are analyzed, in order to broaden the traditional understanding of the meaning of outdoor recreation.     

苏南地区热地质特征

阐述了苏南地区地热资源形成的地层、构造、水文地质条件，研究了其地球物理、地热显示、恒温带、地温梯度、大地热流值、岩石热导率 、热水化学及热水分区等特征。     

Influence of Climate Change on Winter Wheat Growth in North China During 1950-2000

1. IntroductionChinese agriculture has undergone tremendousstructural changes over the last decades. The averagestaple crop productivity has doubled in 25 yr while thepopulation increased by 25 % [China Statistical Year-book (CSY), 2003]. Winter wheat is one of China'smost important staple food crops, with a total farm-ing area of nearly 24 million hectares and a produc-tion exceeding 92 million ton in 2002 (CSY, 2003).Although China has been the world's largest wheatproducer since 1983 (…     

基于易学与堪舆学的人地关系和谐论思辨

易学是哲学也是人文地理学研究“人地关系”的一种哲学方法论。本文探讨了易学大成之周易的科学性质,附带着研究了李约瑟难题并给出答案。文章指出“易历四世”是易学认识“人地关系”发展规律不断升华的哲学嬗变,探讨了连山易、归藏易、周易哲学思想对“人地关系”规律的认识。着重研究了作为人文地理学的一种哲学方法论——周易对“人地关系”的解释。堪舆学胎生于易学,没有易学就没有堪舆学。现代堪舆学与中国人文地理学关联密切,其原因是：① 自然地理环境要素是堪舆学的基础;② 大量的地理知识和方法是堪舆学研究的支柱;③ 堪舆学研究的核心是人地关系。探究了易学、堪舆学与人地关系协调论的辩证关系,揭示了易学和堪舆学在研究、协调人地关系中的重要作用。对堪舆学的认识,可谓“仁者见仁,智者见智”。中国现代人文地理学应该用历史的、客观的、科学的、辩证的观点解读其独特领域——堪舆学。以“青海黄河果岭国际旅游度假区总体规划”布局为案例,探讨了现代堪舆学的实践过程。堪舆学含有一定的迷信成分,但也含有极为重要的科学思想。既不要用其科学性掩盖其伪科学性,也不要用其伪科学性否定其科学性。无论是学院派还是民间派,只要研究、应用堪舆学的人,都树立了科学的堪舆学思想,真正的现代堪舆学也就建立起来了,风水迷信也就荡然无存了。中国人文地理学研究易学、堪舆学,应与西方相关的人文地理哲学、学科紧密的结合起来,去粗取精,去伪存真、古为今用、洋为中用,共同推动中国人文地理学的发展,建设有中国特色的人文地理学。中国的堪舆学、人文地理学正处在转型的关键时期,需要更多的关怀、宽容和空间。     

Abflußereignisse,eine skalenabhängige multiple Antwort von Einzugsgebieten auf Niederschläge

Flood Events, a Multiple Basin Response to Precipitation Events at Different Scales Results in the small catchment of the Kartelbornsbach have shown that summer events lead to typical types of flood waves that can be classified according to their response patterns. Differences to this pattern are due to the precipitation amount and duration and in some times to the pre-event moisture of the soil. The results show further that the Kartelbornsbach catchment can be considered as a block system where spatial differences are responsible for the basic pattern of the reaction but not for differences between flood events. Small catchments are excellent tools for relatively inexpensive hydrological and hydrochemical research on streamflow generation mechanisms. With increasing size of the basin the response becomes less clear, because the spatial distribution of rainfall and the distance of delivering areas from the sampling station mask or modify the type of response. Although the main flow components may not change, there is a considerable shift in the composition of water quality, because the increase of travel time does not affect all flow components at the same rate.     

Mapping Human Terrain in the Joint Army–Navy Intelligence Study of Korea (1945)

The concept of human terrain has become a prominent element of U.S. military strategy. It is a means to capture the cultural–geographical qualities of an enemy or target population. An early effort to map human terrain is found in the Joint Army–Navy Intelligence Study (JANIS) of Korea (1945). We argue that the JANIS report on Korea was paradigmatic for the U.S. military's contemporary geographical work and offers insights into the cultural politics of human terrain mapping. This explains why the JANIS text is cited by the National Geospatial-Intelligence College (NGC) today as an historical model. This article not only offers a window into the history of geography counterinsurgent but also shows that geography has been entwined with empire.     

10,000 years of climate control over carbon accumulation in an Iberian bog(southwestern Europe)

The northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula is home to a unique ecosystem of bogs,which are particularly sensitive to projected climate cha nge.In this context,the rate of carbon(C)accumulation in Chao de Veiga Mol.an intact raised bog,was analysed.Changes in the accumulation rate over the past10 millennia were determined in a peat core of 847 cm in depth,with a high mean rate of peat growth(11 yr cm^-1,0.09 cm yr^-1).An age-depth model was generated from 22 14C dates and fallout radionuclides.Chronological,stratigraphical and physico-chemical data confirmed the existence of a single cycle of peat formation throughout the Holocene and the formation of ombrotrophic peat 9500 years ago.The total mean C content was 50.2%,and over 10 millennia 583 kg C m^-2 accumulated at a mean rate of 35.3 g C m^-2 yr^-1,with a long-term(apparent)rate of carbon accumulation in the catotelm of59.9 g C m^-2 yr^-1.These values are much higher than reported for other Iberian peatlands and are amongst the highest documented for peatlands in the northern hemisphere.The dynamics of C accumulation and other measured parameters reveals important variations throughout the Holocene.They could be associated with the main climatic events described in the northern hemisphere and are highly consistent with models established for northern latitudes.The Chao de Veiga Mol raised bog is unique and of great potential value for carrying out high resolution palaeoenvironmental studies,especially in relation to regional and Iocal modulations in southern Europe.     

黄秉维及其对自然地理综合研究的贡献

本文从中国自然区划,黄河中游土壤侵蚀与保持、热量水分平衡、农业自然生产潜力,华北水利与农业发展、提高坡地持续生产力、全球环境变化等几个方面介绍了黄秉维先生对自然地理综合研究的贡献。     

The Necessity for Multi-disciplinary Research: Ralph Jacobi's Institute of Freshwater Studies

In spite of many proposals, Australia has no national freshwater research centre. Thus the passing in the Senate of Ralph Jacobi's private member's bill for an Institute of Freshwater Studies in 1982 was unusual. His driving force was the need to overcome State boundaries and for research to inform policy and management of water resources. It gained widespread support, and not just from the parliamentary Labor Party, but was strongly opposed by the Fraser government, State and federal water bureaucracies, and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). The election of 1983 prevented further discussion in parliament, but the proposal was part of the Labor Party platform taken to the election. An Interim Council set up to investigate whether or not such an institute should be established, but with narrow terms of reference very different from those in Jacobi's bill, sided with the large water bureaucracies and CSIRO, in spite of majority support for an institute. An institute was rejected and the government accepted the recommendation. Jacobi's proposal failed primarily because of a fear of independent advice by many in the bureaucracies, a potential loss of power and influence, and inter-governmental rivalries. The status quo remained; the bigger picture is still unseen.