道虎沟生物群(前热河生物群)的发现及其地质时代

根据最新发现的动、植物化石 ,确立了“道虎沟生物群”,这一新的生物群属前热河生物群 ,生存时代大体相当于晚侏罗世的牛津期 (Oxfordian)至基末利期 (Kim meridgian)。这一发现大大补充了我国这一地质时期贫乏的化石记录 ,为探讨热河生物群的起源提供了较丰富的第一手材料。     

Early Evolution of Apocrita(Insecta,Hymenoptera)as Indicated by New Findings in the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou,Northeast China

<正>The classification and phytogeny of the basal Vespina(=Orussoidea+Apocrita)are reconsidered based primarily on rich and well preserved material from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou in Inner Mongolia,China. Comparatively smooth morphological transitions are traced from a Xiphydriidae-like ancestor toward Orussoidea via the Jurassic family Karatavitidae,and through Karatavitidae and the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous family Ephialtitidae independently to Stephanidae,to Evanioidea,and,via the extinct Jurassic Kuafuidae fam.nov.to the remaining Apocrita.New hypothesis is proposed concerning development of the characteristic wasp-waist of Apocrita,which is supposed to appear independently and in different ways in Evanioidea and in the rest of Apocrita.As a result,six infraorders are proposed for the suborder Vespina with the following taxonomic structure:infraorder Orussomorpha including the only superfamily Orussoidea(Karatavitidae+Paroryssidae + Orussidae),infraorder Stephanomorpha with the only superfamily Stephanoidea(Ephialtitidae+Stephanidae), infraorder Evaniomorpha with the only superfamily Evanioidea of traditional composition,infraorder Ceraphronomorpha with the superfamilies Ceraphronoidea s.str.and monotypical Megalyroidea and Trigonaloidea,and the infraorders Proctotrupomorpha,Ichneumonomorpha,and Vespomorpha of traditional composition.The family Kuafuidae is unplaced to infraorder because it is putatively paraphyletic with respect to Ceraphronomorpha,Proctotrupomorpha,Ichneumonomorpha and Vespomorpha.Described as new are Karatavites junfengi sp.nov,Praeratavites wuhuaensis sp.nov.,P.perspicuus sp.nov.,Postxiphydria daohugouensis gen.et sp.nov.,P.ningchengensis gen.et sp.nov.,Postxiphydroides strenuus gen.et sp.nov.,Praeratavitoides amabilis gen.et sp.nov.,Proapocrtius densipediculus sp.nov.,P.sculptus sp.nov.,P.longantennatus sp.nov., P.formosus sp.nov.,P.atropus sp.nov.,P.elegans sp.nov.,Stephanogaster pristinus sp.nov.,Asiephialtites lini sp. nov.,Praeproapocritus vulgatus gen.et sp.nov.,Sinaulacogastrinus solidus gen.et sp.nov.,Sinevania speciosa gen. et sp.nov.,Eonevania robusta gen.et sp.nov.,Kuafua polyneura gen.et sp.nov.(all from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou),as well as Kuafuidae fam.nov.including Kuafua gen.nov.as well as Arthrogaster Rasnitsyn,1975,and Leptogastrella Rasnitsyn,1975 from the Upper Jurassic of Karatau in Kazakhstan.     

A New Species of Liadotaulius (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou,Inner Mongolia

Diverse caddis flies are recently collected from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou fauna in Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, northern China, and different types of caddis cases have been reported in the same locality. A new species of caddisfly, Liadotaulius daohugouensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated; the establishment is based on a well-preserved isolated forewing collected from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou. The family status of Liadotaulius is discussed on the basis of new material and is referred to the family Philopotamidae. The Daohugou fauna continues to provide new data for studying the early evolution of Trichoptera.     

粗壮假碾磨齿兽的发现及其科学意义

本文简要回顾了蜀兽类哺乳动物的研究历史,论述了在哺乳动物牙齿演化和中生代陆相地层对比研究中的科学意义。粗壮假碾磨齿兽的发现有力地支持了哺乳动物中“三磨楔齿形臼齿趋同演化”的假设,并再一次以直接的化石证据表明内蒙古宁城道虎沟地区含蜀兽类化石地层的时代为中侏罗世。     

An Updated Review of the Middle-Late Jurassic Yanliao Biota: Chronology, Taphonomy, Paleontology and Paleoecology

The northeastern Chinese Yanliao Biota (sometimes called the Daohugou Biota) comprises numerous, frequently spectacular fossils of non-marine organisms, occurring in Middle-Upper Jurassic strata in western Liaoning, northern Hebei, and southeastern Inner Mongolia. The biota lasted for about 10 million years, divided into two phases: the Bathonian-Callovian Daohugou phase (about 168-164 million years ago) and the Oxfordian Linglongta phase (164-159 million years ago). The Yanliao fossils are often taphonomically exceptional (many vertebrate skeletons, for example, are complete and accompanied by preserved integumentary features), and not only are taxonomically diverse but also include the oldest known representatives of many groups of plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. These fossils have provided significant new information regarding the origins and early evolution of such clades as fleas, birds, and mammals, in addition to the evolution of some major biological structures such as feathers, and have demonstrated the existence of a complex terrestrial ecosystem in northeast China around the time of the Middle-Late Jurassic boundary.     

燕辽生物群叶肢介动物群组成和演化*

中国北方著名中、晚侏罗世的燕辽生物群含有丰富的叶肢介动物群。早期燕辽生物群也称为道虎沟生物群,主要产出层位为海房沟组,含有三饰叶肢介动物群,主要分子包括: 海房沟三饰叶肢介(Triglypta haifanggouensis)、滦平三饰叶肢介(T.luanpingensis)和平泉三饰叶肢介(T. pingquanensis)。晚期燕辽生物群又可称为玲珑塔生物群,主要产出层位为髫髻山组,含有丰富的叶肢介化石,主要分子包括: 建昌三饰叶肢介(Triglypta jiancangensis)、玲珑塔辽西叶肢介(Liaoxiestheria linglongtaensis)、大西山玲珑塔叶肢介(Linglongtaestheria daxishanensis)和青龙玲珑塔叶肢介(Linglongtaestheria qinglongensis)。文中总结了北方雕饰叶肢介(Aquilonoglypta)、柴达木叶肢介(Qaidamestheria)和针孔叶肢介(Punctatestheria)的最新研究成果,支持将柴达木叶肢介、辽西叶肢介和玲珑塔叶肢介划归北方雕饰叶肢介科。同时,三饰叶肢介是由针孔叶肢介演化而来,与柴达木叶肢介并无直接演化关系。     

Middle Jurassic Coptoclavidae (Insecta:Coleoptera:Dytiscoidea) from China:a Good Example of Mosaic Evolution

<正>Adults of the aquatic coptoclavid beetles(Coleoptera:Adephaga:Dytiscoidea),described from four Middle Jurassic fossil localities in Inner Mongolia and Liaoning in northeastern China,are attributed to Daohugounectes primitives Wang,Ponomarenko and Zhang,2009,which was previously proposed after study of larvae.The generic name Timarchopsis Brauer,Redtenbacher and Ganglbauer,1889 is proposed as a substitute for the preoccupied and junior homonym Necronectes Ponomarenko,1977,non Milne-Edwards,1881. Furthermore,the subfamily name Necronectinae Ponomarenko,1977 is substituted by the available name Timarchopsinae.Daohugounectes is placed into Timarchopsinae because its adults have long,slightly apically widened tibiae and small femoral plates.The adults of this genus differ from those of other Timarchopsinae in the following features:antennae short and widened in the middle part;basal segments of protarsi not cut apically; metaventrite with a triangular plate.The larvae look like somewhat primitive forms in the subfamily Timarchopsinae.In contrast to these primitive larvae,the adults with some advanced characters can be regarded as among the most advanced forms in the subfamily Timarchopsinae,and probably represent a transition between the Timarchopsinae and Charanoscaphinae.Such mosaic evolution within Daohugounectes indicates that the evolutionary process of aquatic beetles is far more complex than previously thought.     

再论道虎沟生物群的时代

内蒙古宁城道虎沟地区的晚中生代地层十分发育，产状平缓，主要为一套产有丰富动、植物化石的凝灰质泥岩和粉砂岩，并夹有数层火山岩。从区域上来看，在西台子一带主要为早白垩世义县组的地层，产有丰富的热河生物群的化石，常见者有鱼类Lycoptera davidi，Peipiaosteus pani，Yanosteus longidorsalis，Protopsephurus liui和鸟类Confuciusornis anctus；但在道虎沟—小西沟一带主要为中—晚侏罗世髫髻山组的地层，产有丰富的道虎沟生物群的化石，常见者有蝾螈Jeholotriton paradoxus和Chunerpeton tianyiensis，翼龙Jeholopterus ningchengensis和Pterorhynchus wellnhoferi，手盗龙类Scansorio pteryxheilmanni和（？）Pedopenna daohugouensis[本文对Xu等（2005）描述的道虎沟足羽龙（Pedopennad aohugouensis）的原始产地存有疑义]，昆虫Mesobaetis sibirica，Mesoneta antiqua，Rhipidoblattina（Canaliblatta）hebeiensis，Brunneus haifanggouensis，Palaeontinodes haifanggouensis等，叶肢介Euestheria zilu jingensis，E．haifanggouensis，E．jingyuanensis和E．1uanpingensis，植物Cladophleln＇s（Osmunda？）sp．，Anomozamites angulatus，A．（Trymia？）sp．，Cycadolepissp．，Gmkgotes sp．，Pityospermus sp．，Pityocladus sp．，Zamitesgigas，Yanliaoiasmensis和Coniopteris burejem括等。根据区域地质构造、地层分布、生物群特征和地质年代学资料分析，笔者确信道虎沟生物群的时代为中—晚侏罗世（卡洛夫阶—牛津阶），根本不可能将其归于早白垩世热河生物群。     

LA-ICPMS Zircon U-Pb Dating in the Jurassic Daohugou Beds and Correlative Strata in Ningcheng of Inner Mongolia

LA-ICPMS Zircon U-Pb dating is applied to volcanic rocks overlying and underlying the Salamander-bearing bed in the Daohugou beds of Ningcheng in Inner Mongola and Reshuichang of Lingyuan and Mazhangzi of Jianping in western Liaoning. The results indicate that the youngest age of the rocks in Daohugou of Ningcheng is 158 Ma, and the oldest one is 164 Ma. Synthesized researches indicate that the salamander-bearing beds in Daohugou of Ningcheng, Reshuichang of Lingyuan and Mazhangzi of Jianping were developed in the same period. The Daohugou beds were formed in the geological age of 164-158 Ma of the middle-late Jurassic. Whilst, the Daohugou beds and its corrdative strata should correspond to the Tiaojishan Formation （or Lanqi Formation） of the middle Jurassic in northern Hebei Province and western Liaoning Province, based on the disconformity between the Daohugou beds and its overlaying beds of the Tuchengzi Formation of Late Jurassic and the Jehol Beds of early Cretaceous, and the disconformity between the Daohugou Beds and its underlying Jiulongshan Formation, which is composed of conglomerate, sandstone, shale with coal and thin coal beds.     

内蒙古宁城县道虎沟叶肢介化石群的时代

内蒙古赤峰宁城县道虎沟含丰富的叶肢介壳瓣及许多珍罕的软体化石 ,计有 1属 4种 :Euestheria ziliu-jingensis Chen,Euestheria haifanggouensis Chen,Euestheria jingyuanensis Chen,Euestheria luanpingensis Shen etNiu。这些分子都是我国中侏罗世早期自流井真叶肢介 (Euestheria ziliujingensis)动物群的重要成员 ,以个体较小、壳瓣圆或椭圆形、生长带具小网状装饰、种类单调、密集群生为特点 ,主要出现于中侏罗世早中期 (Bajocian- MiddleBothonia)。特别是 Euestheria luanpingensis Shen et Niu及其软体化石在道虎沟的发现 ,证明其层位应与冀北滦平九龙山组相当。道虎沟叶肢介群与中侏罗世晚期的假线叶肢介 (Pseudograpta)动物群的面貌相差甚远 ,与比其层位更高的大北沟组的尼斯脱叶肢介 (N estoria)动物群及义县组的东方叶肢介 (Eosestheria)动物群迥然不同 .