Evaluation of current statistical approaches for predictive geomorphological mapping

Predictive models are increasingly used in geomorphology, but systematic evaluations of novel statistical techniques are still limited. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of generalized linear models (GLM), generalized additive models (GAM), classification tree analysis (CTA), neural networks (ANN) and multiple adaptive regression splines (MARS) in predictive geomorphological modelling. Five different distribution models both for non-sorted and sorted patterned ground were constructed on the basis of four terrain parameters and four soil variables. To evaluate the models, the original data set of 9997 squares of 1 ha in size was randomly divided into model training (70%, n=6998) and model evaluation sets (30%, n=2999).In general, active sorted patterned ground is clearly defined in upper fell areas with high slope angle and till soils. Active non-sorted patterned ground is more common in valleys with higher soil moisture and fine-scale concave topography. The predictive performance of each model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the Kappa value. The relatively high discrimination capacity of all models, AUC=0.85–0.88 and Kappa=0.49–0.56, implies that the model's predictions provide an acceptable index of sorted and non-sorted patterned ground occurrence. The best performance for model calibration data for both data sets was achieved by the CTA. However, when the predictive mapping ability was explored through the evaluation data set, the model accuracies of CTA decreased clearly compared to the other modelling techniques. For model evaluation data MARS performed marginally best.Our results show that the digital elevation model and soil data can be used to predict relatively robustly the activity of patterned ground in fine scale in a subarctic landscape. This indicates that predictive geomorphological modelling has the advantage of providing relevant and useful information on earth surface processes over extensive areas, such data being unavailable through more conventional survey methods.     

宝石CT评价冠脉支架的临床应用价值

目的:探讨宝石CT对冠脉支架的临床应用价值。方法:收集45例冠脉支架置入术后患者的宝石CTA数据,测量支架内腔的实际直径,比较支架内腔CT值与邻近血管腔CT值的差异。结果:共60枚支架,均显示清晰、无术后狭窄。当支架实际内腔直径≥2 mm时,支架内腔CT值测量稳定性较好,支架内腔CT值与邻近血管腔CT值无明显统计学差异。支架内腔直径<2 mm时,支架内腔CT值测量稳定性差、测量不准确,但是仍能部分观察支架内腔情况。结论:宝石CT冠脉CTA成像,对冠脉支架内腔直径≥2 mm者诊断较理想,对支架内腔直径<2 mm者仍有一定诊断价值。      

64层CT血管造影在自发性蛛网膜下腔出血病因诊断的价值

目的:探讨64层CT血管造影在自发性蛛网膜下腔出血的病因诊断中的价值。方法:对2009年1～12月97位患有自发性蛛网膜下腔出血的病人行64层CT血管造影成像扫描,应用容积再现、最大密度投影、曲面重建、多平面重建等后处理技术显示血管,以明确病因。结果:64层CTA诊断12例正常,1例颈内动脉海绵窦瘘、9例动静脉畸形,75例动脉瘤,所有病例与数字减影血管造影和/或手术对比证实,其中12例正常病例行DSA检查,64层CTA漏诊1例,但其总的敏感性为98.7%,特异性为100%。结论:64层CT血管造影对自发性蛛网膜下腔出血的病因诊断准确性高,且简单、快速、微创、安全和经济,可作为自发性蛛网膜下腔出血病因诊断的首选检查方法。     

缺血性脑血管病的综合影像诊断分析

目的：探讨CT平扫、CT血流灌注成像（CTP）、磁共振弥散加权成像（DWI）及螺旋CT血管造影（CTA）对缺血性脑血管病的比较影像学价值,找出缺血性脑血管病的合理影像检查路径。方法：30例缺血性脑血管病患者经CT、CTA、CTP、DWI检查。结果：30例患者中,12例CT平扫显示责任病灶,27例CTA显示责任血管。DWI与CTP对缺血性脑血管病的敏感性分别为73.3%,83.3%,阳性预测值分别为95.7%,92.6%,两者无显著性差异。结论：CT平扫是常规筛选检查,CTP和DWI是发现脑组织缺血改变的敏感方法,CTA适用于确定责任血管。CTP和DWI、CTA检查可根据病人经济条件及临床表现灵活选择。     

县域综合交通可达性测度及其与经济发展水平的关系——对湖北省79个县域的定量分析

县域综合交通可达性与经济发展水平之间具有密切的联系。在借鉴现有成果基础上,完善了不受分析空间尺度大小影响的综合交通可达性赋值测度法,尤其强调了火车站的节点属性及其等级对可达性的影响。并以此测算湖北省79个县域的综合交通可达性,结合系统聚类分析法揭示其空间差异规律。并应用主成分分析和系统聚类分析法分别测算县域经济发展水平...     

320排/64排CTA和DSA诊断颅内动脉瘤原理和应用比较研究

目的:通过对320排、64排CTA以及DSA诊断颅内动脉瘤的原理和应用进行比较研究,达到选择最合适检查方法的目的。方法:收集86例颅内动脉瘤患者分别釆用320排CTA、64排CTA和3D DSA检查,研究并比较CTA和DSA影像特点。结果:86例动脉瘤患者经320排CTA诊断动脉瘤92个,64排CTA诊断90个,3D DSA诊断96个,以X2检查比较,所得数据均釆用SPSS16.0统计学软件处理,P>0.05无明显统计学差异。结论:320排CTA、64排CTA和3D DSA对颅内动脉瘤诊断各有其优势。CTA可作为辅助DSA检查颅内动脉瘤的方法;320排CTA有快速、无创和准确性高等优点,对诊断颅内动脉瘤具有很高的临床价值;图像效果明显优于64排CTA,可作术后复査和随访首选;320排CTA无法取代DSA和3D RA“金标准”的地位,可能漏诊微小动脉瘤。      

64层螺旋CT血管造影在头颈部血管病变中的临床应用

目的:探讨64层CTA在头颈部血管中的诊断价值.方法:收集头颈部血管CTA 200例,采用最大密度投影MIP、容积再现VRT、多平面重组MPR及Inspace软件中的减影技术进行三维重建,多角度观察,其中92例有豫、DSA及手术资料,采用双盲法,比较各种影像效果,总结出64层CTA的优缺点.结果:64层CTA用药少、辐射剂量小、扫描及成像速度快,图像清晰、立体感强并可任意方向旋转观察.VRT和MIP是最常用的方法,Inspace软件的减影技术能显示头颈部血管的全貌.结论:64层CTA可作为头颈部血管病变的常规筛选方法,可以普及使用.     

Optical Photometric Observations of 7-Ray Loud Blazars

We report results of our optical photometric observations of ten gamma-ray loud blazers, namely: 0219+428 (3C66A), PKS 0420-014 (OA 129), S5 0716+714, 0754+100 (OI 090.4), 0827+243 (OJ248), 1652+398 (Mrk 501), 2200+420 (BL Lacertae), 2230+114 (CTA 102), 2251+158 (3C 454.3) and 2344+514. The observations were carried out in September-October, 2000 using the 70 cm optical telescope at Abstumani Observatory, Georgia. We found intra-day variations in 0420-014, S5 0716+714, BL Lacertae and CTA 102. A variation of 0.3 magnitude over a time scale of about 3 hours was observed in the R passband in BL Lacertae on JD 2451827. We did not detect any variation in 3C 66A, Mrk 501, or 3C 454.3 during our observations. Nor did we detect any clear evidence of variation in 1ES 2344+514 during our two weeks' observing run of the TeV gamma-ray source.     

A candidate gamma-ray pulsar in the supernova remnant CTA 1

We present a detailed analysis of the high-energy gamma-ray source 2EG J0008+7307. The source has a steady flux and a hard spectrum, softening above 2 GeV. The properties of the gamma-ray source are suggestive of emission from a young pulsar in the spatially coincident CTA 1 supernova remnant, which has recently been found to have a non-thermal X-ray plerion. Our 95 per cent uncertainty contour around the > 1 GeV source position includes the point-like X-ray source at the centre of the plerion. We propose that this object is a young pulsar and is the most likely counterpart of 2EG J0008+7307.     

多排螺旋CT冠脉血管造影应用于冠状动脉狭窄的临床价值研究

目的：对比分析多排螺旋CT冠脉血管造影（CTA）和数字减影血管造影（DSA）评价冠状动脉狭窄的准确性及灵敏度,探讨CTA用于冠状动脉狭窄检查的临床价值。方法：收集2011年9月至2013年9月经我院门诊确诊或疑似冠心病的患者39例,进行CTA检查,并于检查前后两周内行DSA检查,将CTA及DSA的检查结果进行对比分析,同时对病变管腔的狭窄程度及检测的特异性和灵敏度进行比较。结果：39例患者共290支血管,CTA发现220支冠状动脉狭窄;DSA发现223支冠状动脉狭窄。以DSA为标准,CTA检查诊断中度以上冠状动脉狭窄的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确度分别为：92．44％、96．15％、97．35％、93．46％、94．96％。结论：多排螺旋CT冠状动脉血管造影可清楚显示冠状动脉管壁增厚及狭窄情况、动脉壁的斑块和钙化等优势,是一种诊断冠状动脉疾病的理想的无创检测方法。