Seasonal variation of airborne fungi of the Tiantishan Grottoes and Western Xia Museum,Wuwei, China

In this study, a systematic survey of cultural airborne fungi was carried out in the occurrence environments of wall paintings that are preserved in the Tiantishan Grottoes and the Western Xia Museum, China. A bio-aerosol sampler was used for sampling in four seasons in 2016. Culture-dependent and -independent methods were taken to acquire airborne fungal concentration and purified strains; by the extraction of genomic DNA, amplification of fungal ITS rRNA gene region, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis, thereafter the fungal community composition and distribution characteristics of different study sites were clarified. We disclosure the main environmental factors which may be responsible for dynamic changes of airborne fungi at the sampling sites. The concentration of cultural airborne fungi was in a range from 13 to 1,576 CFU/m³, no significant difference between the two sites at the Tiantishan Grottoes, with obvious characteristics of seasonal variation, in winter and spring were higher than in summer and autumn. Also, there was a significant difference in fungal concentration between the inside and outside of the Western Xia Museum, the outside of the museum was far more than the inside of the museum in the four seasons, particularly in the winter. Eight fungal genera were detected, including Cladosporium, Penicillium, Alternaria, and Filobasidium as the dominant groups. The airborne fungal community structures of the Tiantishan Grottoes show a distinct characteristic of seasonal variation and spatial distribution. Relative humidity, temperature and seasonal rainfall influence airborne fungal distribution. Some of the isolated strains have the potential to cause biodeterioration of ancient wall paintings. This study provides supporting information for the pre-warning conservation of cultural relics that are preserved at local sites and inside museums.     

基于加卸载响应比理论的降雨型滑坡预警研究

在建立边坡远程实时监测系统并获得变形与降雨量连续监测数据的基础上,运用加卸载响应比理论的基本原理,提出以一用为加卸载周期、将日降雨量及其变化作为边坡的加卸载参数、相应的日平均变形速率及其变化值为加卸载响应参数,建立了基于加卸栽响应比的降雨型滑坡短周期预警模型。以某公路边坡为例,运用加卸载响应比预测模型对边坡的2个监测点进行了加卸载响应比计算,发现2个点的加卸载响应比时序曲线与其稳定性动态演化规律相吻合。研究结果表明,可以运用该模型进行降雨型滑坡短周期预测预警。     

APPLICATION OF FUZZY OPTIMIZATION MODEL IN ECOLOGICAL SECURITY PRE-WARNING

1INTRODUCTIONAs the basis of the human existence and sustainable de-velopment, the ecological security has become a prob-lem increasingly inviting the attention of the whole so-cietyand the government. Ecological security pre-warn-ing is a kind of early i…     

基于多源信息融合理论的盐湖资源综合动态监测及预警系统设计与实现

近年来随着人类开采力度的不断加大和全球气候变化的影响,盐湖资源系统正在发生着急剧变化,盐湖生产对环境的影响也日渐突出。将多源信息融合理论与动态综合监测理论相结合,基于GIS、物联网和无线通讯技术,从相互关联的环境、资源和产业多个子系统中选取关键监测指标,从构建理论、构建原则、技术体系和系统结构等方面对构建盐湖资源综合监测系统进行全面设计;并结合青海吉乃尔盐湖区具体实际,在监测站网的最优化布局、传感器选型、数据传输方案和多源数据整合方面开展深入探讨;最后对水灾、环境、生产等预警模型的预警层次和预警模式提出具体实现路径。对保障盐湖产业可持续发展与生产安全,保证西部国民经济、社会和谐发展具有重要意义。     

北京地区沙尘天气监测预报预警业务系统

在北京地区沙尘天气发生、发展的天气学分析研究和沙尘数值模式预报研究以及卫星遥感监测沙尘等方法的应用基础上 ,对相关的研究成果进行应用开发、集成 ,形成一套完整的业务系统。该系统由沙尘天气历史数据库、沙尘天气动态监测、沙尘天气概念模型、沙尘数值预报和沙尘天气预警 5个子模块组成。在近两年的北京市沙尘天气预报服务中 ,本系统得到充分的应用 ,提高了沙尘天气预报服务的效率 ,在实际业务中发挥了重要作用 ,可应用于气象业务部门及相关部门。     

Flood Forecasting and Warning at the River Basin and at the European Scale

Application of recent advances in numerical weather prediction (NWP) has the potential of allowing delivery of flood warning to extend well beyond the typical lead times of operational flood warning at the river basin scale. A prototype system, a European Flood Forecasting System (EFFS) developed to deliver such pre-warnings, aiming at providing a pre-warning at lead times of between 5 and 10 days is described. Considerable uncertainty in the weather forecast at these lead times, however, means that resulting forecasts must be treated probabilistically, and although probabilistic forecasts may be easy to disseminate, these are difficult to understand. This paper explores the structure of operational flood warning, and shows that integration in the flood warning process is required if the pre-warning is to fulfil its potential. A simple method of summarising the information in the pre-warning is presented, and the system in hindcast mode is shown to give clear indication of an upcoming major event in the Rhine basin up to 10 days before the actual event. Finally recommendations on the use of data assimilation to embed the EFFS system within an operational environment are given.     

SARS控制与预警地理信息系统的研制与应用

针对中国当前非典型肺炎(SARS)疫情防治工作的迫切需求，作者基于其在地理信息科研领域具有大型国产GIS软件平台(SuperMAP)及其在辅助决策空间信息模型工具等方面的科研优势，紧急研制了“国家SARS疫情控制与预警信息系统”。该系统由5个子系统构成，是一个将空间定位、空间信息管理、空间信息分析技术和通信技术进行有机的整合，形成了前后端一体的SARS疫情实时传输、处理、分析和分布完整的信息系统。在SARS疫情的信息采集、管理、分析及其防治与监控措施的发布等方面发挥了重要的作用。     

基于Web的地质灾害预警信息发布与反馈系统研究

对河南省地质灾害预警预报系统,县（市）地质灾害调查与区划成果资料进行分析研究,以商城县地质灾害预警为例,将预警网格作为关联字段,对地质灾害预警结果库、地质灾害基础数据库进行关联处理,建立带有空间预警网格及地质灾害基础信息的地质灾害数据库,按照省国土资源厅统一制定的地质灾害上报表格,以河南省地质环境信息网为系统平台,采用asp动态网页设计语言,设计预警结果区地质灾害信息查询以及地质灾害反馈等页面,从而建立基于Web的地质灾害预警信息发布与反馈系统。     

中美人口贩运问题治理比较研究

文章基于中美人口贩运历史和现状,从国家方略、法律法规、工作机构、预警系统和受害者救助与安置回归5方面,比较了两国在打击人口贩运方面的优势和劣势。结果发现,中美人口贩运治理国家方略,均是在“以人为本、协同预防、依法打击、积极救助、妥善安置”的框架下制定的。中国更多的是针对打击国内拐卖妇女、儿童犯罪的全面性,而美国则是重点治理商业性跨国人口贩运。中国治理的特色在于自上而下的管理和自下而上的自治,一旦方略、法律法规形成,能够迅速覆盖全国执行;而美国属于联邦制国家,联邦政府与州政府是合作而非隶属关系,加之三权分立与制衡相结合的政治制度和两党制的政党制度,美国治理人口贩运问题的全国执行度、联动性还需进一步考察。最后,就中国如何应对和治理拐卖人口问题提出几点建议,具体包括：1）加大对《中国反对拐卖人口行动计划（2021—2030）》的实施力度,各地需因地制宜地明确行动措施;完善与国家法的衔接并合理吸收借鉴,持续推进针对打击人口拐卖的专门立法,增强应对能力;2）加强国际合作,重视社会建设和治理跨国、跨地域人口拐卖问题;3）细化反拐工作机构,成立专门工作组,设置专项经费,畅通建议渠道;4）构建并完善“团圆系统”配套制度建设。     

海啸预警与第四纪古海啸沉积记录研究进展

海啸对人类的生命和财产安全构成巨大的威胁,2004年12月26日苏门答腊特大海啸的发生,引起了国际社会对海啸预警问题的重视,并进一步认识到古海啸沉积研究的重要性.介绍了国际上对海啸预警和古海啸沉积研究的进展,重点综述古海啸沉积的研究现状、研究方法与识别标志.最近20年来,研究者们着重对滨岸、浅海或陆地上的现代海啸沉积和古海啸堆积物进行研究,而对深水区域的古海啸记录研究很少.笔者认为在海啸多发海域的深水区进行长柱状沉积物取样,通过沉积学和地球化学分析研究,把古海啸沉积从海底正常沉积中识别出来,再结合定年,有助于恢复古海啸史,明确长期的灾害风险.