经济地理学视角下创新网络与区域增长研究述评

创新是引领经济发展的第一动力，创新与区域增长之间的关系成为经济地理学者关注的重点领域。文章通过梳理近年来有关创新网络测度、创新网络与区域增长关系、创新网络作用于区域增长方式等方面的文献发现：网络资本可以弥补社会资本在解释企业创新结网经济价值方面的不足，区域增长呈现出网络化特征已成为学界共识，知识流与邻近性能较好地解释创新网络与区域增长的关系机理。然而，当前研究对社会资本如何促进区域增长，网络资本与区域增长关系模型如何构建，不同类型的邻近性与知识对区域增长的影响有何差异等问题尚不明确，建议重视网络资本对区域增长的作用并实证检验二者的关联，同时还应重视创新网络中企业家精神、创新个体心理行为特征等因素对区域增长的影响。     

铜藻(Sargassum horneri)在营养限制胁迫后对NH4-N的超补偿吸收研究

以经济马尾藻铜藻(Sargassum horneri)为研究材料,研究了其在营养限制胁迫后对NH_4-N的超补偿吸收情况。实验分营养限制和恢复营养两个阶段进行,每个阶段均设置饥饿处理组、饱和处理组和正常对照组。铜藻在低营养限制胁迫(饥饿)下培养10天后,恢复营养盐培养3天,分别采用次溴酸盐氧化法和锌镉还原法测定培养液中的NH_4-N和NO_3-N的浓度。本文研究发现,饥饿处理组中铜藻吸收氨氮的速率远高于正常对照组和饱和处理组,在恢复培养第一天时,饥饿处理组对NH_4-N的吸收速率最高为14.94μmol/(g·h),与正常对照组及饱和处理组间差异显著。在恢复培养的后两天,三个处理组中铜藻对NH_4-N的吸收速率差异慢慢变小,直至最后几乎相同。三组对NO_3-N没有表现出较高的吸收,最高仅为6.15μmol/(g·h),结果表明:氮源包括NH_4-N和NO_3-N时,铜藻优先选择吸收NH_4-N。实验后称重测定生长速率:对照组、饥饿处理组和饱和组生长率(SGR)分别为8.48%、8.86%、8.01%,ANOVA方差分析表明,三者存在显著差异(P=0.0320.05),从而证实了铜藻也存在超补偿生长的现象。     

不同产地浒苔对幼刺参生长、消化和非特异性免疫的影响

为探究不同产地浒苔型饵料对幼刺参生长、消化和非特异性免疫的影响,本实验将青岛浒苔与宁波浒苔的干粉与海泥分别按一定质量比例混合,开展刺参饲喂实验,并与刺参天然饵料马尾藻进行对比。结果表明,青岛浒苔饵料和马尾藻饵料喂养的刺参的粗蛋白含量分别为14.31%±0.10%和15.43%±1.41%,显著高于宁波浒苔饵料(11.17%±0.63%),粗脂肪和灰分含量无显著差异;青岛浒苔组、宁波浒苔组和马尾藻组的增重率分别为22.65%±5.68%、3.03%±1.17%和20.47%±2.01%,特定生长率分别为(1.44±0.33)、(0.21±0.08)、(1.33±0.12)%/d,青岛浒苔组和马尾藻组刺参的增重率和特定生长率显著高于宁波浒苔组;青岛浒苔组、宁波浒苔组和马尾藻组刺参肠道淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和纤维素酶活力无显著差异;马尾藻组刺参体腔液碱性磷酸酶活力为(17.57±4.56)金氏单位/100mL,显著高于青岛浒苔组[(5.56±1.32)金氏单位/100mL]和宁波浒苔组[(2.83±0.75)金氏单位/100mL],超氧化物歧化酶和酸性磷酸酶活力无显著差异。由此可见,绿潮暴发时,通过打捞浒苔用以配制刺参饵料,既有助于缓解绿潮的生态灾害,又能够补充刺参饵料来源,具有广阔的生态效益和市场前景,但是其营养成分影响因素较为复杂,配制饵料时应充分考虑不同品种、采集时间和生长地点的差异,并通过一些前处理手段充分发挥浒苔的饵料价值。     

浅论经济增长与物价水平的关系

从交易方程出发，初步分析了经济增长与物价水平的关系，得到了一些有益的结果。     

美洲斑潜蝇在湛江市的发生与防治

调查了潜蝇在湛江市的发生与为害情况，结果表明，美洲斑潜蝇（LiriomyzaSatiuaeBlanchard）是为害作物潜蝇的优势种，包括有6个科18种，年间发生有6个为害高峰期。应用绿潜宝、乐果、巴丹等药剂在发生为害高峰期的峰前、中、后三次用药，防治效果维持70％以上。     

蜕壳素对凡纳滨对虾生长及表观消化率的影响

研究了外源性蜕皮激素对凡纳滨对虾生长和表观消化率的影响 ,实验时在基础饲料中分别添加 0 .1%、0 .2 %、0 .4 %的两种市售蜕壳素产品 ,制成 6种外源性脱壳素配合饲料 ,不添加的基础饲料作为对照组 ,试验在 2 6 0L玻璃钢循环水养殖系统中 ,每个剂量组设 3个重复 ,8周生长试验结果表明 :市售蜕壳素产品能有效地促进对虾生长 ,试验结束时 ,试验组虾体增重分别较对照组增加 16 .8%、7.5 2 %、5 .9%、11.4 %、2 9.0 7%、16 .5 3% ,但是凡纳滨对虾对饲料粗蛋白的表观消化率没有明显地提高 ,凡纳滨对虾对脂肪的表观消化率较低。推算凡纳滨对虾饲料中最佳蜕皮酮添加量为 6 0mg/kg。     

The grain-size characteristics of Quaternary deposits at Xingshan near Siping in Jilin province, China

This research paper analyses the grain-size characteristics of the Quaternary deposits at Xingshan near Siping, Jilin province in China by employing graphic measures to study the grain size distribution and its mode of transport and deposition. The Quaternary deposits at Xingshan lie unconformable on Cretaceous rocks made of siltstone, mudstone and sandstone. The average grain size is between 8.06 to 8.55Φ (0.002 6 ～0.003 7 mm). The Quaternary deposits at Xingshan mainly compose of very fine silt to clay. The compositions of the grade are clay 63% and silt 37%. The clay size components are weathered debris transported and deposited by flowing water from the SE highlands or hills to the low lying NW Xingshan plains whereas the silty components accumulated by aoelian process. The Quaternary deposits at Xingshan accumulated in the middle and late Pleistocene interglacial periods from (459.12～39.03) ka to (88.92～7.56) ka. The standard deviation ranged from 0.96 to 1.36Φ, indicating that the sediments are moderately to poorly sorted, Coefficient of skewness ranged from 0.16～0.31 with an average skewness of 0.218, (Positively skewed towards fine). Kurtosis values (0.84～1.05) from the grain size distribution and visual inspection of the frequency curves indicate platykurtic to mesokurtic curves and unimodal to bimodal grain-size distribution. The type of deposit formation is sand dune and the source is at a distal from its provenance.     

北秦岭晋宁期中酸性侵入岩带地球化学特征与构造环境

北秦岭侵入岩带中的中酸性侵入岩主要形成于晋宁旋回的中晚期阶段。主要岩石类型包括辉石闪长岩、闪长岩、石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、斜长花岗岩、花岗岩和钾长花岗岩。岩石化学、稀土元素和微量元素地球化学研究证明,这些岩石主要形成于B型俯冲和碰撞造山的构造环境中,而钾长花岗岩形成于后造山的伸展阶段。据此,该侵入岩带揭示了北秦岭褶皱带在晋宁旋回中晚期阶段的演化过程。     

Effect of Ploughing Depth on the Growth and Yield of Heracleum candicans： a Threatened Medicinal Herb and a Less-explored Potential Crop of the Himalayan Region

This paper examines the effect of ploughing depths （A -- 60 cm, B -- 45 cm and C -- 30 cm） on the growth and yield of Heracleum candicans Wall （Apiaceae）, a threatened medicinal herb of the Himalayan region. This less-explored plant is being suggested as a potential crop for the mountain agriculture. The study was carried out in an orchard in Himachal Pradesh, India at 2500 m altitude, for two successive growth years. During the first year, all plants remained in juvenile state; in the second year, nearly 65 % plants produced flowers only under 60cm ploughing depth. Among its morphological traits, plant height, collar diameter and aboveground flesh weight were found to be strongly correlated （P 〈 0.01） with the belowground biomass during the first year （r =0.968, 0.925 and 0.973, respectively） and during the second year （r=0.945, 0.928 and 0.775, respectively）. Increase in the ploughing depth was significantly correlated （P〈0.01） with all growth parameters, including the belowground dry weight, marketable portion of the produce. The belowground biomass （commercial yield; 16.28 Qt/hec） at depth A was about 2.6 and 4.7 times higher than those recorded at depths B and C, respectively. The results clearly justify the importance of deep ploughing and this paper strongly recommends it for economically sustainable cropping.     

企鹅珍珠贝人工苗生长的初步观察

为了解企鹅珍珠贝生长规律，观察了壳高2.5～5.0mm的出池幼苗，按月测量其生长参数和成活率，以及环境因子。结果表明，企鹅珍珠贝生长最快的月份为7～11月和次年4～6月，壳长，壳高和壳宽月均增加量分别为3.8～13.0mm、4.7～11.2mm、2.3～3.8mm，月成活率97.8%～98.6%。企鹅珍珠贝生长最慢月份是11月至次年3月。