Variations of Kuroshio geostrophic transport south of Japan estimated from long-term IES observations

Two inverted echo sounders were maintained on coastal and offshore sides of the Kuroshio south of Japan from October 1993 to July 2004. Applying the gravest empirical mode method, we obtained a time series of geostrophic transport. Estimated transports generally agree well with geostrophic transports estimated from hydrography. Their agreement with the hydrographic transports is better than that of transports estimated from satellite altimetry data. The geostrophic transport is expressed as the surface transport per unit depth multiplied by the equivalent depth. The geostrophic transport varies mostly with the surface transport and fractionally with the equivalent depth. Seasonal variation of the geostrophic transport has a minimum in March and a maximum in September, with a range of about one fifth of the total transport.     

DZJ2激光垂准仪使用方法及指标的校正

介绍了DZJ2激光垂准仪的性能及基本指标的校正方法,为用户在使用DZJ2激光垂准仪过程中几种基本指标参数的校正提供参考.     

CIPP管道修复工程质量控制

本文介绍了CIPP（原位固化法）管道修复技术在国内的应用现状,列举了CIPP技术在施工常见的质量问题,例如：针孔与缺口、起皱和白斑等等。分析了问题产生的原因,针对这些问题,提出了一些解决方案。另外,作者还介绍了美国材料试验学会（ASTM）关于CIPP内衬管性能参数的检测方法,包括弯曲性能、拉伸强度、泄漏试验、分层试验以及抗化学腐蚀试验等。     

黄土高原一次β中尺度大暴雨特征及成因分析

利用NCEP／NCAR逐日6h分析资料和常规观测资料,分析了2011年2月25日一28日山西连续降雪天气过程（以下简称2．25降雪）。①2．25降雪过程经历了三个阶段：2月25日为回流降雪阶段,26日一27日为倒槽冷锋与回流降雪共同影响降雪阶段,28日为低空切变线影响降雪阶段。②2．25降雪过程涵盖了华北地区大到暴雪的三个类型：回流类降雪、倒槽冷锋类降雪、低空切变线类降雪。③通过温湿场分析得出,对于低空切变线类降雪,对流层中层的湿核对降雪的开始有一定的指示意义。降雪未开始之前对流层中层有湿核,随着时间的推移,湿核向低层扩展,整个对流层中低层变为高湿区,降雪开始。当对流层中层变为干区,并向低层扩展,降雪过程结束。对于回流类降雪,低层回流对回流降雪起到冷垫的作用。④通过涡度场分析得出,对流层低层的负绝对涡度中心对其东侧的降水有指示意义,如果其东侧对流层低层配合有正涡度核,降雪强度较大,维持时间较长。⑤地面层出现的负绝对涡度中心说明近地面层有小高压系统的存在,这是因为低层回流冷垫作用形成的孤立小高压体。⑥28日降雪维持机制是条件性对称不稳定。     

包头地区二次大雪过程的成因分析

文章应用常规资料,从天气环流形势演变、物理量等方面,对2000年1月10—11日包头地区普降大雪过程作了客观的分析,揭示了大雪过程的发生、发展机制,对今后分析大雪过程具有一定指导意义。     

台风倒槽影响下邯郸大暴雨过程分析

从天气系统背景、FY-2C卫星产品、水汽通量分布特征和大气稳定度特征等方面,分析了受台风低压倒槽与东移锋面云系的共同影响,于2005年7月21日夜间到23日邯郸市出现的大范围的暴雨天气,结果发现:500hPa槽前中尺度切变线是直接影响产生暴雨的重要系统;地形作用使迎风坡降水增强;中尺度对流云团和雨团关系密切,暴雨中心位于OLR和TBB低值区下面;西部山区的暴雨区水汽主要来源于南海、东海,东部平原大暴雨水汽主要来源于南海;暴雨区上空低层为对流不稳定,高层为对称不稳定。     

中国的特种精密工程测量

介绍大坝变形观测、波带板激光准直系统等特种精密工程测量方法，在工程与工业建设、大型建构筑物变形观测及抗灾减灾等方面取得的成就和效益；阐述特种精密工程测量的成长道路，以及当前特种精密工程测量的热门话题与发展趋势。     

海平面对大气压变化的响应及其对地球自转的影响

介绍了海平面对于大气压变化的响应（反变气压计响应）的理论现状及其今后发展方向,以及反变气压计响应对于地球自转激发函数的影响。有关研究成果表明,反变气压计响应的影响具有时域、频域性,且其随时空的变化比较明显,因此,详细研究其动态特征并应用于地球物理领域的前景广阔。     

Structural evolution of the Kopeh Dagh fold-and-thrust belt (NE Iran) and interactions with the South Caspian Sea Basin and Amu Darya Basin

We present a detailed stratigraphic and structural study of the Kopeh Dagh fold-and-thrust belt in NE Iran, which is an investigation of the complex polyphased tectonic history of this belt and its links with the adjacent South Caspian Sea and Amu Darya basins. Based on numerous field surveys, a large amount of 2D and 3D seismic data, borehole data and more than 150 new biostratigaphic datings, a new detailed biostratigraphic chart and 4 main regional cross-sections illustrate the importance of lateral facies variations and structural inheritance in the present-day structure of the belt.After the Cimmerian orogeny corresponding to the closure of the Paleotethys Ocean in Late Triassic/Early Jurassic times, a Middle Jurassic post-collisional rifting event was associated with the deposition of one of the main source rocks of the Kopeh Dagh and the Amu Darya Basin (Kashafrud Formation). Following this rifting event, over 7 km of sediments were accumulated until the Tertiary above a regional post-Triassic unconformity. The occurrence of local uplifts during the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleocene is interpreted as a consequence of regional-scale modification of plate-slab coupling in the Neotethys subduction zone. The main inversion of the Kopeh Dagh occurred at Late Eocene times, when the far-field deformation developed in Eurasia as a consequence of the locking of the Neo-Tethys subduction. This folding phase is sealed in the western part of the belt by a major Eocene-Oligocene unconformity at the base of the thick sedimentary series belonging to the South Caspian Sea Basin. The bulk of sedimentary infill in the South Caspian Sea Basin is Oligocene and younger, and it is probably related to syn-compressional downward flexure of the resistant basement basin at the onset of the Alpine phase. In the eastern part of the Kopeh Dagh, this deformation is characterized by Middle Jurassic graben inversion with evidence of forced folding, short-cuts and as well by larger scale basement uplifts. In contrast, the northwestern part of the belt shows thrust faults involving basement and fault-propagation folds within the sedimentary sequence. The Kopeh Dagh presents tectonic structures that are parallel to the Paleotethys suture zone, which emphasizes the importance of the structural inheritance and inversion processes during the structural evolution of the belt. Finally, a change from a mostly dip-slip to a mostly strike-slip tectonics occurred during the Pliocene within the Kopeh Dagh as a consequence of a major tectonic reorganization in North-East Iran.     

仿人机器人的可变ZMP步态规划

为使仿人机器人能够稳定地行走,基于三维倒立摆模型,采用了可变ZMP(Zero-Moment Point)来进行仿人机器人的步态规划.在单脚支撑期依据可变ZMP来规划COG(Center of Gravity)的轨迹,在双脚支撑期内则让ZMP保持低速匀速运动,由此来规划此时间段的COG轨迹.仿真结果验证了规划的合理性,保证了更强的稳定性,并且使得采用此规划的仿人机器人的行走和人类的行走更加相似.