轨道误差对InSAR相位影响的BP神经网络去除法

针对用二次多项式法去除轨道误差对InSAR相位影响时,须对干涉相位其他项分布性质作假设,且自身存在一定的模型缺陷的问题,该文提出用BP神经网络去除轨道误差对InSAR相位影响的方法。研究表明:BP神经网络法在使用时无须对干涉相位其他项分布性质作假设,模型更优。模拟实验中,轨道误差相位拟合残差更小;真实数据实验中,纠正后非形变区相位集中在零值附近,且波动趋势更为平稳。该方法一定程度上降低了传统二次多项式法的应用局限性。     

建筑群负荷引起的大地水准面起伏及对高程的影响(英文)

The paper studies the ground vertical deformation and the geoid undulation caused by loading of neighboring buildings, based on the loading tides theory. The influence on elevation is also considered. The results show that the ground vertical deformation and the geoid undulation both reach millimeter magnitude. Therefore, it is obvious that the building loading significantly affects the precise engineering surveying, and it must be seriously considered in application.      

暴雨山洪灾害预警方法研究进展

暴雨山洪灾害预警是中小流域山洪灾害防控体系的薄弱环节,也是决定山洪灾害防控成败的关键。论文围绕山洪灾害预警的核心问题,从中国山洪灾害区域差异特征、山洪灾害预警技术方法、山洪灾害概率预警现状3个方面进行了综述。中国山洪灾害分布存在明显的时空差异,因此有必要根据山洪灾害的区域差异发展有针对性的预警方法。以临界雨量为指标的雨量预警是目前中国中小流域暴雨山洪灾害预警的主要技术手段,但常规方法仅给出一个(组)确定的临界雨量阈值,导致预警结果存在突出的不确定性问题。概率预警可以定量评估诸多不确定性,给出山洪灾害概率预警结果,因此具备很好的理论优势与潜在应用价值。论文展望了山洪灾害概率预警未来的研究重点与方向：(1)充分挖掘暴雨洪水样本信息,开展山洪灾害概率预警基础方法与技术集成研究;(2)加强非平稳性条件下的临界雨量阈值估算与山洪灾害概率预警研究;(3)综合考虑预警阈值发生概率及其致灾概率,优化“多级预警、多级响应”技术方法,推进山洪灾害综合预警业务系统建设与应用。     

四川省CORS网地壳运动速度场模型研究

使用GAMIT/GLOBK解算2006~2015年覆盖四川地区的50个CORS站的观测数据，并提取坐标时间序列，获得速度场模型。对四川省整体地壳运动以及区域应变场进行分析，结果表明，四川省CORS站水平方向平均速度为38.72 mm/a，速度场的优势方向为S73.9°E；欧亚框架下水平方向平均速度为14.40 mm/a，优势方向为S77.78°E，较ITRF2008框架下的速度降低了24.32 mm/a；垂直方向平均速度为3.43 mm/a，整体上表现为隆升状态，位于东部平原的少部分测站处于下降趋势，可能是由于城市建设、地下水或者煤矿、石油等自然资源的过度采伐导致；最大主应变率达到7.31×10-11/a，最小主应变率为-5.4×10-11/a，其中区域地壳面膨胀率高值区域集中在川西，低值区域和最大剪切应变率高值区域分布在三大断裂带附近。     

A review of fully coupled atmosphere-hydrology simulations

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The terrestrial hydrological process is an essential but weak link in global/regional climate models. In this paper, the development status, research hotspots and...     

Analysis of social vulnerability of residential community to hazards in Tianjin,China

Flood management consists many aspects such as hazard assessment, vulnerability assessment, exposure assessment, risk assessment, early warning system, damage assessment as well as risk mitigation planning. Conventional flood management are depending on the ground based monitoring of rainfall and river discharge. Many parts of the world are not covered by these sensor networks in one hand and these ground based systems are costly. Most of the tropical countries have high flood risk and low financial and institutional capacity to afford ground based system. While conventional flood management is time and cost intensive, spaceborne remote sensing provides timely and low-cost data in comparison to field observation, and is the obvious choice for most developing countries affected by flooding. Many aspects of flood management are being aided with the advancement of remote sensing technology. More precise and near real time flood detection, lead time in flood early warning system, accurate and advance inputs of hydrological models are now blessed by space technology. Many methods and approaches have been developed to overcome the constrains in the application of spaceborne remote sensing in flood management. Application of satellite remote sensing in flood hazard assessment is well documented, however, the application of space technology in other aspects of the flood management is also promising. Therefore, this review paper focuses on the applicability of spaceborne remote sensing and in most of the aspects in flood management.

     

用浅层地震剖面研究大城东断裂的活动性

地震方法是针对厚覆盖区断裂的一种不可替代的探测技术,在大城东断裂上采用浅层地震探测方法,获得了2条高质量叠加时间剖面图以及深度剖面图,这些图像清晰地显示了大城东断裂的浅部构造特征以及活动特征。本次探测工作中,在大城东断裂的东侧发现了1条倾角较陡的断裂,表明大城东断裂是由2条断裂组成的断裂带。     

Geological Structure and Quaternary Activity of the Zhangjiakou Fault, Northern China

Based on detailed field investigations,this paper describes the geometrical characteristics and tectonic activities of the Zhangjiakou fault at the northwest of Beijing. This fault strikes mainly northwest to west,short parts of which strike near east to west,dipping north,and extends over a length of 70km. It is a major geological and geomorphological margin,controlling the neotectonic movement in this region. On the south side of the Zhangjiakou fault are the Late Quaternary unconsolidated deposits,forming basins; while on the other side are Mesozoic volcano debris and Pre-Mesozoic metamorphic rocks, forming lower mountains and hills. The Zhangjiakou fault consists mainly of high-angle inverse strike-slip fault and partially of normal strike-slip fault. Among these,the north-dipping NW-NWW-trending secondary faults,constituting the main fracture of the fault,have inverse characteristics; those near the EW-trending secondary faults are links of the former faults,with a smaller length and normal faulting characteristics. Thus,the Zhangjiakou fault is a north-dipping inverse and partially south-dipping normal strike-slip fault. The Zhangjiakou fault has been continuously active since the Quaternary. With the exception of the western end extension,which has been active since the late Pleistocene, the main part of the fault has been active since the Holocene. The central main segment of the Zhangjiakou fault is more active. Since the mid-late period of the late Pleistocene,the average vertical slip rate of a single fault has been over 0. 07mm /a ～ 0. 30mm /a. The Zhangjiakou fault has multi-slip surfaces,and the total vertical slip rate reaches 1. 33mm /a,estimated from the Qingshuihe river terraces and the relevant drilling data.     

张家口断裂发现第四纪晚期活动证据

作者等人在“河北省城市活断层探测与地震危险性评价（张家口项目）”2008年探测工作中对张家口断裂进行了地质调查,多处发现了清楚的第四纪晚期（晚更新世-全新世）断层活动剖面,获得了张家口断裂晚第四纪活动的可靠证据,为张家口市活断层探测打下了坚实基础。     

电阻率成像及浅层地震勘探在控盆构造探测中的应用——以万全断裂为例

万全断裂是洋河盆地北缘断裂带组成断裂之一,控制沿线构造活动及地貌发育。断裂走向NE,倾向SE,在沟口处隐伏于第四纪覆盖层,采用电阻率成像和浅层地震联合勘探方法,获得该断裂隐伏段落综合物探异常,结合地质地貌调查,判定隐伏段落展布的具体位置、产状、活动特征及地下结构特征等。研究结果表明,万全断裂隐伏段落走向NE,倾向SE,倾角约75°,上断点埋深约20 m,20—240 m深度可见断裂破碎带（宽约10—20 m）物探异常特征及断裂两侧地层结构差异。该联合探测模式可有效探测复杂地质构造条件下的隐伏活动断裂,具有较强实用性,值得推广。