制度演变与中国城乡发展差距——基于30年省际面板数据的分析

回顾了改革开放以来不同时期制度变迁及其对城乡发展差距的影响。采用30年省际动态面板数据,实证分析了制度演变与城乡发展差距的关系,发现了省域城乡发展差距由沿海向内陆逐级扩大的阶梯状分布规律。政府财政支农制度、乡镇非农产业发展制度均能有效促进农村地区发展,有助于缩小城乡发展差距。然而,户籍制度的存在制约了城乡一体化发展,随着经济发展的不断深入,户籍制度对农村发展的束缚作用开始显现并逐渐加强。未发现农产品价格体系改革对城乡发展差距的影响。在不同时期、不同区域(东部、中部、西部省份),制度演变对省域城乡发展差距的影响具有差异性。针对快速城镇化过程中出现的城进村退问题,建议继续强化对落后地区的支农惠农政策,加大对乡镇工业、服务业的扶持力度,深化户籍制度改革,加快构筑村镇建设格局,为促进城乡互动发展搭建平台。     

北京山区沟域经济发展的空间组织模式

沟域经济是山区发展的新模式,基本涵盖了沟域发展的各个层面,是独具山区发展特色的经济地理形态.以沟域为载体的山区要素布局的空间耦合关系是山区发展的新命题,理论与现实意义重大.结合多年的山区发展研究,在初步探讨了沟域经济的内涵和空间组织过程的基础上,分析了北京山区沟域经济发展的现状,并对北京沟域经济发展的空间布局特征指向及其影响进行了研究,最后建立了沟域经济空间组织的合理模式框架.研究认为,沟域经济对北京山区新时期的发展转型作用重大,首先它不以行政区域界限为边界,基本串联了山区的大部分村庄,并与主要交通线走向重合,因此至少能在山区产业结构调整、城乡统筹发展等方面会对山区发展产生积极影响.其次,通过分析认为目前北京山区沟域经济发展正处于第二次集中型空间组织阶段,资源节约、环境友好、产业优化是这一阶段的特点,因此北京沟域经济的发展一定程度上有助于协调好山区生态保护与经济发展的关系,促进山区的综合开发.北京山区沟域经济发展模式的成功实践一方面支持了北京山区功能转型的战略决策,另一方面也为其他山区发展提供了借鉴和指导意义.     

北京山区沟域经济发展的空间结构

Valley economy is a new mode in mountainous area development that is defined by various characters of valley development, and is a distinguishing economical geographic pattern for mountainous area development. The special spatial coupling relations in the distribution of different mountainous elements in valleys are new subjects for the mountain development studies, and such studies are meaningful both for researches and practices. Based on the long term researches on mountainous area development and following a brief exploration into the connotations and the spatial organizing process of valley economy, the authors analyzed the present situations of the development of valley economy in Beijing’s mountainous areas, studied the characteristics and the impacts of the spatial structural changes of the valley economy in Beijing’s mountainous areas, and finally proposed a rational arrangement of the spatial structure of the valley economy in Beijing’s mountainous areas. It is considered in this study that valley economy plays an important role in the development and functional transformation in Beijing’s mountainous areas in the new epoch. Firstly, valley economy is not outlined by the administrative boundaries, and it connects most of the villages in the mountainous areas roughly along the major transportation lines. Therefore, valley economy can exert positive influence on the development in the mountainous areas, at least in the aspects such as the rearrangement of industrial structure in the mountainous areas and the coordinated development of rural and urban areas. In addition, it is found that the valley economy in Beijing’s mountainous areas is evolved in a spatial organizing stage of secondary concentration, which is characterized by resource-saving, ecological protection and industrial optimization. Therefore, the development of valley economy will be helpful to the coordination between ecological protection and economic development in the mountainous areas, and will promote the integrated development of the mountainous areas. The developing mode of the valley economy in Beijing’s mountainous areas will provide the basis for the decision-making in the transformation of the functional roles of Beijing’s mountainous areas, and on the other hand, will present experiences for the studies in the mountainous areas outside of Beijing.     

基于"湛江群岛"的湛江区域发展格局构建

如何通过区域各类要素资源的有效整合,构建区域发展战略格局,推动区域社会经济的可持续发展一直是学术界研究的热点.本文以社会经济发展较为滞后的湛江市为例,通过实地调研和多方论证,在深入分析湛江市各类资源要素禀赋的基础上,首次提出了"湛江群岛"的概念,阐释了"湛江群岛"理念在推动湛江市区域社会经济发展过程中的重要意义.在此基...     

生态城市建设背景下湛江红树林的保护与利用

以中国最大的红树林生长基地———湛江市为例,经过实地调研和多方论证,分析了当前湛江红树林的生存现状和存在的问题。究其原因在于:对红树林在区域生态安全格局中的战略意义认识不足、当地社会经济发展带来的巨大冲击,以及红树林资源开发的滞后等。针对这些问题,首先从海陆一体化、海岸带等方面,明确了红树林湿地在维护区域生态安全格局中的战略地位。在此基础上,厘清了红树林湿地在湛江生态城市建设中的意义和作用,提出了今后湛江红树林湿地的总体建设方向:(1)以红树林湿地为核心,重构湛江市的区域生态安全格局;(2)加强湛江市红树林生态系统的重构;(3)开展沿海红树林的生态恢复;(4)推进生态旅游产业的开发。     

中国长城保护与利用协调发展的战略构想

长城是中国古代民族关系发展的产物,如今已成为中华民族精神和文化的象征,成为国家的形象标识.长城在为人类带来极大精神和物质财富的同时,其物质遗存和发展环境正受着人类活动深刻的影响.科学地保护和合理利用长城资源,体现其应有的科考、教育和经济价值,并保证后代人有同等机会分享先辈们留下的宝贵历史文化遗产.是当代人的重要责任和义务.本文按照战略性、整体性、层次性、目标指向性、可操作性等原则,综合考虑生态、经济和社会效益,提出建立长城经济区的战略构想,并提出通过建立长城区域协调发展综合试验示范区、长城发展企业联盟和长城文明示范村等一系列措施,探索长城保护和利用协调发展的路径和模式,推动长城所在区域实现科学发展.     

山区沟域经济发展的空间结构GIS分析——以北京市门头沟区为例

沟域经济是山区发展的新模式,对其空间结构进行研究,可以为山区经济的空间优化和人口、产业布局提供参考,具有理论价值和指导意义.门头沟区位处北京市的山区,其沟域经济发展具有典型性.对此,运用ArcGIS、SPSS软件,采用DEM数据的高程、长度和坡度要素,提取了门头沟区的代表性沟域.在解读门头沟区沟域经济空间结构内涵的基础...     

北京山区沟域经济发展的空间结构

Valley economy is a new mode in mountainous area development that is defined by various characters of valley development,and is a distinguishing economical geographic pattern for mountainous area development.The special spatial coupling relations in the dis-tribution of different mountainous elements in valleys are new subjects for the mountain de-velopment studies,and such studies are meaningful both for researches and practices.Based on the long term researches on mountainous area development and following a brief exploration into the connotations and the spatial organizing process of valley economy,the authors analyzed the present situations of the development of valley economy in Beijing’s mountainous areas,studied the characteristics and the impacts of the spatial structural changes of the valley economy in Beijing’s mountainous areas,and finally proposed a rational arrangement of the spatial structure of the valley economy in Beijing’s mountainous areas.It is considered in this study that valley economy plays an important role in the development and functional transformation in Beijing’s mountainous areas in the new epoch.Firstly,valley economy is not outlined by the administrative boundaries,and it connects most of the villages in the mountainous areas roughly along the major transportation lines.Therefore,valley economy can exert positive influence on the development in the mountainous areas,at least in the aspects such as the rearrangement of industrial structure in the mountainous areas and the coordinated development of rural and urban areas.In addition,it is found that the valley economy in Beijing’s mountainous areas is evolved in a spatial organizing stage of secondary concentration,which is characterized by resource-saving,ecological protection and industrial optimization.Therefore,the development of valley economy will be helpful to the coordination between ecological protection and economic development in the mountainous areas,and will promote the integrated development of the mountainous areas.The developing mode of the valley economy in Beijing’s mountainous areas will provide the basis for the decision-making in the transformation of the functional roles of Beijing’s mountainous areas,and on the other hand,will present experiences for the studies in the mountainous areas outside of Beijing.     

中国热带琼雷生态经济区的建设构想

生态经济区克服了传统经济区生态环境约束下的经济增长瓶颈,是区域经济发展的重要内容和方向。目前黄河三角洲高效生态经济区和鄱阳湖生态经济区的建设都已引起国家的高度关注。琼雷生态经济区是在充分考虑了湛江市(雷州半岛)和海南省(海南岛)地区热带资源禀赋、生态环境脆弱性及经济空间紧密性的基础上提出来的战略构想。琼雷地区生态本底较好;热带作物资源、海洋资源及港口资源十分丰富,热带特色显著;经济结构以一、三产业为主,生态恢复与维护成本较小;存在地缘一致性和经济紧密性,有一定区域联系基础。但同时本区域存在生态环境的脆弱性,影响区域生态安全的因素较多,因此必须坚持生态主导下的经济发展原则。为此,建立中国热带琼雷生态经济区是必要的和及时的。本文从宏观的角度,详细分析了琼雷生态经济区的功能定位和建设的主要内容,以期在中国的典型热带区域打造生态经济区发展平台,构筑中国热带生态经济发展高地。